فهرست مطالب نویسنده:
sayed
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نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک، سال سی و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 145، زمستان 1403)، صص 2 -8کوریزای عفونی پرندگان یک بیماری حاد تنفسی در مرغ است که توسط (Avibacterium Paragallinarum, (AP ایجاد می شود که علاوه بر تشدید شدت بیماری در عفونت همزمان با سایر باکتری ها یا ویروس ها، سبب کاهش قابل توجهی در تولید تخم مرغ و راندمان تولیدی در گله های تخمگذار و جوجه های گوشتی می شود. اطلاعات کمی در مورد بروز بیماری کوریزای عفونی در گله های گوشتی در شهرستان کرج وجود دارد. در این مطالعه با هدف ردیابی عامل این بیماری اقدام به نمونه گیری از 30 گله گوشتی قبل کشتار به صورت سواب از شکاف کام و خون (5- 7 نمونه از هر گله) از بهمن ماه سال 1400 تا پایان اردیبهشت ماه سال 1401 شد. آزمون های آگار رسوبی ژل و آگلوتیناسیون سرم بر روی پلیت و واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز اختصاصی بر روی نمونه ها انجام شد. در نتایج انجام آزمون آگار رسوبی ژل مورد مثبت دیده نشد و اما با آزمون آگلوتیناسیون سرم بر روی پلیت در دو گله واکنش سرمی مثبت مشاهده شد. در ردیابی ژنومی با PCR، 53 درصد (16 گله) موارد مثبت آلودگی به عامل کوریزای عفونی تشخیص داده شد. این مطالعه نشان داد گله های گوشتی به میزان بالایی در معرض آلودگی کوریزای عفونی هستند و می توانند تهدیدی برای مزارعه تخمگذار بشمار آیند. لذا توجه بیشتر به این بیماری در مطالعات اپیدمیولوژی و ارائه راه حل های موثر برای مقابله با آن در کشور امری ضروری است.کلید واژگان: کریزای عفونی، آوی باکتریوم پاراگلینارم، جوجه های گوشتی، کرجAvian Infectious Coryza (IC) is an acute respiratory disease in chickens caused by Avibacterium Paragallinarum (AP) which, results in a notable reduction in egg production in layers and performance in broiler chickens. IC exacerbates the severity of the condition when it occurs concurrently with other bacterial or viral pathogens. There is a scarcity of data on the prevalence of IC in broiler flocks in Karaj district. This study was initiallyconducted to determine the role of IC in broiler chickens through the use of Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA), and species-specific PCR of HPG-2. A total of 30 thirty broiler flocks were sampled for blood and swabbing from choanal cleft (7-5 samples from each herd) between February and May 2022, at an avian slaughterhouse. The AGP test yielded no serological results, whereas the SPA test indicated a positive reaction in two flocks. Molecular detection via by PCR demonstrated the presence ofIC infection in 16 farms, representing a prevalence of 53%. The findings of this indicate that broiler chickens are significantly exposed to IC,which poses a considerable threat to the viability of nearby commercial layer farms. It is therefore imperative that greater attention be paid to IC infection in epidemiological studies and that effective solutions be provided to deal with it in the country.
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ObjectiveGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a wide variety of functions including stimulation of hematopoiesis and proliferation of granulocyte progenitor cells. Recombinant human G-CSF (rh-G-CSF) is used for treatment of neutropenia in patients receiving chemotherapy. The mature bloodstream neutrophils express G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR), presenting a significant and specific mechanism for circulating G-CSF clearance. Computational studies are essential bioinformatics methods used for characterization of proteins with regard to their physicochemical properties and 3D configuration, as well as protein–ligand interactions for recombinant drugs. We formerly produced rh-G-CSF in E. coli and showed that the isolated protein had unacceptable biological activity in mice. In the present paper, we aimed to characterize the purified rh-G-CSF by analytical tests and developed an in vivo model by computational modelling of G-CSF.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, we analyzed the purified G-CSF using the analytical experiments. Then, the crystalline structure was extracted from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed using Gromacs 5.1 package under an Amber force field. The importance of amino acid contents of G-CSF, to bind the respective receptor was also detected; moreover, the effect of dithiothreitol (DTT) used in G-CSF purification was studied.ResultsThe results revealed that characteristics of the produced recombinant G-CSF were comparable with those of the standard G-CSF and the recombinant G-CSF with the residual amino acid was stable. Also, purification conditions (DTT and existence of extra cysteine) had a significant effect on the stability and functionality of the produced G-CSF.ConclusionExperimental and in silico analyses provided good information regarding the function and characteristics of our recombinant G-CSF which could be useful for industrial researches.
Keywords: Characterization, E. coli, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor -
Objective(s)Morbidity and mortality due to diabetes mellitus (DM) result in exorbitant psycho-economical costs, so there is a strong need to create new strategies and drugs for controlling DM. The aim of the current study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM as compared to glustin.Materials and MethodsThirty male rats were divided into five groups of six rats each as follows: control; the second group, received the aqueous plant extract (250 mg/kg) orally and daily for three weeks; the third group, was intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 65 mg/kg of STZ and sacrificed after four weeks; the fourth and fifth groups, were injected with STZ, then after one week these were treated orally with either plant extract or with 3 mg/kg of glustin for three weeks, then sacrificed.ResultsHPLC analysis of the plant aqueous extract showed that it contains many polyphenols and flavonoids. Treatment with STZ resulted in significant reductions in body weight, insulin level, and the expression of Fetuin-A and IRS-1. It also caused significant elevations in glucose, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin, urea, and the expression of JNK and SIRT-1. STZ also caused an extensive β-cell degranulation and decreased cellular density. The aqueous extract of red sandalwood was able to abrogate the deleterious effects caused by STZ and improved the histological architecture of pancreasConclusionThe aqueous extract of P. santalinus ameliorates diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammatory pathways and enhancement of insulin function.Keywords: Fetuin A, IRS-1, JNK, Pterocarpus santalinus, Red sandalwood, SIRT-1
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مجله پژوهش آب ایران، پیاپی 32 (بهار 1398)، صص 91 -104برای بررسی خشک سالی هواشناسی شاهرود، مشخصه های شدت و مدت خشک سالی آن با استفاده از آمار بارندگی ماهانه سال های 2010-1951 و توابع مفصل به صورت توام تحلیل شد. مقادیر مشخصه های خشک سالی از SPI یک ماهه استخراج گردید. تعدادی تابع توزیع تک متغیره به طور جداگانه به مقادیر شدت و مدت خشک سالی برازش داده شدند. برای تحلیل توام، از پنج تابع مفصل استفاده و معیارهای ارزیابی، شامل RMSE، AIC و NSE محاسبه شدند. از میان این توابع، تابع مفصل گالامبوس به دلیل داشتن حداکثر لگاریتم درست نمایی (443/8199-)، کمترین مقدار RMSE برابر با (0.068)، کمترین مقدار AIC برابر با (64/889) و بیشترین مقدار NSE برابر با (0/93)، مناسب ترین تابع مفصل برای تحلیل دو متغیره انتخاب شد. با استفاده از تابع مفصل برگزیده شده، احتمال و دوره بازگشت توام و شرطی شدت و مدت خشک سالی محاسبه شد. همچنین، سه روش حداکثر درست نمایی (MLE)، کرم شب تاب (FF) و بیگ بنگ- بیگ کرانچ (BB-BC) برای برآورد پارامتر بهترین تابع مفصل مورد استفاده قرار گرفت که پارامتری که روش MLE بهینه کرد، مقدار تابع هدف (RMSE) را 0/068 برآورد کرد؛ در صورتی که الگوریتم های FF و BB-BC، مقدار تابع هدف را تقریبا 0/0409 برآورد کردند. بنابراین، الگوریتم های کرم شب تاب و بیگ بنگ- بیگ کرانچ، خطای کمتری در برآورد پارامتر مفصل نسبت به روش حداکثر درست نمایی داشتند.کلید واژگان: بیگ بنگ - بیگ کرانچ، تحلیل دو متغیره، کرم شب تاب، دوره بازگشتDrought, on the contrary to other natural events like floods, earthquake and storms, occurs as a creeping and hidden phenomenon. In other words, it takes weeks or months to detect drought. Planning and development of water resources systems under drought conditions requires estimation of joint and conditional probability of duration and intensity of drought. Copula functions, which can be used for joint analysis of two or more variables, calculate the correlation between these variables, too. It should be noted that for construction of joint distributions, there is no limitation in selection of marginal distributions. In this research, to monitor meteorological drought in Shahrood synoptic station, Iran, two drought characteristics (i. e. intensity and duration) were analyzed jointly by using historical precipitation records and also copula functions. The Shahrood synoptic station, located in Semnan province, Iran, has longitude of 54◦58' E, latitude of 36◦25' N and height of 1325 m above mean sea level. The Semnan province has a variety of climates (from hot and dry to Caspian type). Since the standardized precipitation index (SPI) is known as famous index in studying the droughts, therefore, monthly rainfall data were obtained for the period of 1951-2010 and monthly SPI values were used to characterize drought intensity and duration. Some mono-variate distribution functions were separately fitted on drought intensity and duration. As a result, marginal distributions of Gamma and exponential were used for statistical analysis of duration and intensity of droughts. Then, to do the joint analysis, five copula functions (Clayton, Plackett, Galambos, Gumbel-Huggard, and Frank), which are usually considered in hydrological studies, were fitted on the data and their performance was evaluated by such criteria as root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Copulas are the functions which connect multivariate distribution functions to their one-dimensional marginal distribution functions. In this research, the best copula function was selected and its parameter was estimated by three methods of maximum log-likelihood (MLE), firefly algorithm (FF) and big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm. By using the selected copula function, the joint and conditional probability and return period of intensity and duration of drought were calculated. In this paper, bivariate analysis of intensity and duration of drought in Shahrood synoptic station, for statistical period of 1951-2010, was performed, using copula functions. The parameter of selected objective function was compared by three methods. The results showed that joint and conditional probabilities of drought occurrence for duration of 8 months and intensity of 6.92 are 0.0038 and 0.073, respectively. The return periods for these conditions are 1106.47 and 236.21 years. The obtained results revealed that among the studied copula functions, Galambos was the most appropriate for bivariate analysis of drought intensity and duration in Shahrood synoptic station. This function was selected because it had the highest maximum log-likelihood (-443.8199), the least root mean square error (0.0683), the least value of Akaike information criterion (889.6399) and the highest Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (0.9347). To show the good fit of Galambos copula function on duration and intensity variables of drought, the graph of empirical copula function was drawn with respect to theoretical copula function (Galambos), based on three methods of MLE, FF and BB-BC. The results showed that the points on these graphs could be fitted by the 45-degree line. Among the three criteria that were used to evaluate the copula functions, the maximum log-likelihood criterion estimated the objective function (RMSE) equal to 0.0683. While, the parameters which were optimized by firefly algorithm and big bang-big crunch algorithm, estimated the objective function equal to 0.0409. Therefore, the intelligent algorithms (i.e. firefly and big bang-big crunch algorithms) gave better results and thus are recommended to minimize the objective function and evaluate the copula functions. One of the reasons for using two different intelligent algorithms for optimizing the objective function is to get reliable results in the optimization process. In general, it could be concluded that the gained information from application of copula functions and intelligent algorithms in this research could provide accurate description of drought in the studied region, before its happening. This kind of information is usable in water resources management. When a drought is happening, this analyzed information can reduce the cost of damages in the region.Keywords: Bivariate analysis, Big bang, big crunch, Firefly, Return period
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بررسی اثرات تغییر قیمت آب کشاورزی به عنوان یک سناریوی مهم اقتصادی در مدیریت تقاضای آب کشور محسوب می شود. این در حالی است که اعمال هر سیاستی در این بخش، اثرهای بین بخشی (اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی) دارد. شناسایی این آثار می تواند اطلاعات مناسبی را در جهت تعیین قیمت بهینه برای این نهاده مهم در اختیار مدیران و سیاستگذاران بخش مذکور قرار دهد. در این مقاله، با استفاده از مدل هیدرواکونومیک، شرایط موجود اقتصاد کشاورزی شبکه های آبیاری شش گانه پایاب سد زاینده رود در سال پایه زراعی 1393-94 شبیه سازی گردید و در راستای تخصیص بهینه آب، اثر سناریوهای منتخب قیمت آب در شبکه های آبیاری مذکور بر شاخص های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست-محیطی مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر سناریوهای منتخب (افزایش قیمت آب آبیاری) بر شاخص های درآمد تولیدکنندگان، اشتغال بخش کشاورزی و مصرف آب کاهشی و بر شاخص تعادل انرژی ثابت و یا افزایشی می باشد. در نهایت، و با در نظر گرفتن درجه اهمیت و رتبه بندی آثار بین بخشی سناریوهای منتخب، قیمت آب در شرایط فعلی (بر مبنای قانون تثبیت آب بهای زراعی) به عنوان قیمت مناسب در شبکه های آبیاری نکوآباد، مهیار و جرقویه و برخوار (به ترتیب 225، 195 و 205 ریال بر متر مکعب) انتخاب شد. ضمنا، این مهم در شبکه های آبیاری آبشار، رودشت و سنتی، معادل ارزش اقتصادی آب (به ترتیب 3249، 3002 و 3438 ریال بر متر مکعب) به دست آمد.کلید واژگان: مدل هیدرواکونومیک، مدل اقتصادی، مدل منابع آب، روش TOPSISInvestigation of the effects of irrigation water price changes is one of the primary economic measures in managing water demands in Iran. However, imposing any policy in this sector would result in inter-sectoral (economic, social and environmental) consequences. Identification of these consequences helps the water managers and authorities to find the optimum price for this valuable input. In this article, using the hydro-economic model, the current agricultural economic conditions within the six irrigation districts located in downstream of Zayandehrud Dam, Isfahan, Iran, was simulated for the base year of 2014-2015. Along with the optimal water allocation, effects of specific pricing scenarios in these irrigation districs on economic, social and environmental indices were then assessed. Results of the study revealed that effects of pricing scenarios (increasing the irrigation water price) have negative impacts on the farmers’ revenue, employment in agricultural sector and water consumption, and positive or fixed impacts on energy balance index. Finally, by considering the importance of intersectoral consequences of selected pricing scenarios, the existing water price (based on the stabilization of agricultural water price law) is selected as suitable water price in Nekoabad, Mahyar and Jarghooye, and Borkhar Irrigation Districs (225, 195 and 205 Rials/m3, respectively). Meanwhile, this important item (the economic value of water) was obtained as 3249, 3002 and 3438 Rials/m3 in Abshar, Rudasht and Traditional Irrigation Districts, respectively.Keywords: Hyroeconomic model, Economic model, Water resources model, TOPSIS approach
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نظریه بازسازی اجتماعی، با رویکرد آینده گرایی به دلیل در نظر گرفتن تغییرات و تحولات سریع و پیش بینی وضعیت آینده می توانند در حل چالش های آینده فرهنگی موثر باشد. آلوین تافلر، از نظریه پردازان مطرح در این حوزه است. او بر اساس واقعیت های موجود، تحولات آینده جهان را بخصوص در زمینه فرهنگی، توصیف نموده است. در این پژوهش، با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، پنج ویژگی فرهنگی مهم جوامع آینده که عبارت بودند از: توسعه روابط فرهنگی در سطح جهانی، توسعه قومیت گرایی، رشد ارزش ها و معنویات، هویت یابی فردی و نهاد خانواده، به دست آمد. در ادامه، سند چشم انداز 1404 و سند توسعه برنامه ششم بر اساس این ویژگی ها، مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که لازم است به توسعه روابط فرهنگی در سطح جهانی، بیشتر توجه گردد. همچنین، انتظار می رود که در تدوین اسناد توسعه جدیدتر، به تحولات و چالش های فرهنگی آینده، توجه بیشتری شود.کلید واژگان: تافلر، فرهنگ، اسناد توسعه، بازسازی اجتماعی آینده گراConsidering rapid changes and predicting future status, social reconstruction theory with a futuristic approach can be effective in solving future cultural challenges. Alvin Toffler is one of the theorists in this area. He describes the future developments of the world, especially in the cultural field, based on the present realities. Using the qualitative content analysis method, this research obtained five important cultural features of future societies including the development of cultural relations over the world, the development of ethnicity, the growth of values and spirituality, the development of individual identity and the family institution. Then, the 1404 Prospectus Document and the Sixth Development Plan Document were analyzed based on these characteristics. The results of the research showed that it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of worldwide cultural relations. Also, more attention must be paid to the future cultural challenges and changes in the production of newer development documents.Keywords: Toffler, culture, development documents, Futurist Social Reconstruction
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زمینه و هدفبهزیستی مسیر شغلی، تجارب عاطفی مثبت در رابطه با مسیر شغلی افراد است که می تواند موجب شکوفایی و پیشرفت افراد در زندگی شود. هدف این پژوهش کشف عناصر اصلی بهزیستی مسیر شغلی براساس تعاریف ارایه شده جدید در این زمینه است.روش و موادپژوهش حاضر از نوع اکتشافی است که با روش کیفی انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، تعداد 73 نفر انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از روش مصاحبه و تحلیل داده ها با تکنیک تحلیل مضمون انجام شد.یافته هامیانگین (انحراف معیار) سن مشارکت کنندگان (81/8) 38 سال بود. 34 (6/46%) نفر زن و 39 (4/53%) نفر مرد بودند. 31 (5/42%) نفر، کمتر از 10 سال و 42 (5/57%) نفر بیش از 10 سال سابقه کار داشتند. عناصر اصلی بهزیستی مسیر شغلی در کارکنان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران به ترتیب حس رضایت و شادکامی نسبت به مسیر شغلی (7/65%) ، روابط مثبت بین فردی (9/%58) ، اشتیاق (52%) ، رابطه سازمانی مثبت (6/50%) ، عملکرد شغلی (4/42%) ، تعادل بین کار و زندگی (7/39%) ، یادگیری و رشد (9/36%) ، گذارهای مسیر شغلی (1/30%) ، ثبات هیجانی (7/28%) ، حس هدفمندی و معنا (6/24%) ، تحقق- شایستگی (9/21%) و تسلط محیطی (1/19%) بودند.نتیجه گیریمطالعه نشان داد که حس رضایت و شادکامی نسبت به مسیر شغلی، روابط مثبت بین فردی، اشتیاق، رابطه سازمانی مثبت، عملکرد شغلی، تعادل بین کارو زندگی، یادگیری و رشد، گذارهای مسیر شغلی، ثبات هیجانی، حس هدفمندی و معنا، تحقق- شایستگی، تسلط محیطی، عناصر اصلی بهزیستی مسیر شغلی در کارکنان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران بودند.کلید واژگان: پژوهش کیفی، بهزیستی مسیر شغلی، مسیر شغلیBackground and ObjectiveCareer well-being is one of the elements of positive psychology which could enhance one’s flourishing and development in life. The objective of this study was to explore the key elements of career well-being based on the new definitions in this field.Materials and MethodsThe present study was of qualitative design with exploration method. The statistical population included all employees of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, from whom 73 people were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were gathered using interview method and thematic analysis technique was used for data analysis.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of participants was 38 (8.8). Among participants, 34 (46.6%) were women and 39 (53.4%) men. As many as 31 (42.5%) had less than 10 years of work experience and 42 (57.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The key elements of career well-being among employees of Shahid Beheshti University included: a sense of satisfaction and happiness to career (65.7%), positive interpersonal relationships (58.9%), engagement (52%), positive organizational relationships (50.6%), job performance (42.4%), work-life balance (39.7%), learning and development (36.9%), career transitions (30.1%), emotional stability (28.7%), sense of purpose and meaning (24.6%), fulfillment and competence (21.9%), and environmental mastery (19.1%).ConclusionThe study showed that a sense of satisfaction and happiness to career, positive interpersonal relationships, engagement, positive organizational relationships, job performance, work-life balance, learning and development, career transitions, emotional stability, sense of purpose and meaning, fulfillment and competence, and environmental mastery were the key elements of career well-being among the employees of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran.Keywords: Qualitative Research, Career well-being, Career path
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Porous concrete is a mixture of cement and water that may contain fine grains, which play a role in water transfer and permeability. Porous concrete can act as a drain to pass rainwater and recharge groundwater. In this study, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% zeolite were used to replace the coarse aggregates in porous concrete. The effects of the zeolite on the compressive strength, permeability coefficient, porosity, and density of the concrete were investigated. The results showed that the zeolite reduced the compressive strength of the concrete samples because of its porous nature. The permeability coefficient and porosity increased with the addition of zeolite. The highest (10.29 MPa) and lowest compressive strength (6.79 MPa) were observed in the 25% and 100% zeolite samples, respectively. The highest porosity (30.97%) and permeability coefficient (1.76 mm/s) were measured in the 100% zeolite sample. For the 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% zeolite samples, the permeability coefficient increased by 6.99%, 17.39%, 21.3%, and 24.4%, respectively; the density decreased by 7.77%, 10, 15%, and 19.44%, respectively, with respect to the control sample.Keywords: Porous concrete, Additive, Zeolite, Physical properties, Groundwater recharge
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Herein, we reported the case of a 32-year-old male patient presented with intermittent attacks of mild right chest pain and dyspnea for 2 years. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest, a non-enhancing subcarinal cystic lesion about 6×6.5 cm was detected in the posterior mediastinum, consistent with the features of bronchogenic cyst. The lesion showed small calcific focus changing its position posteriorly when patient changes his position from supine to prone. The flecks of calcium within the fluid in a cystic lesion constitute the origin of the future cyst wall calcifications and may reflect the long-standing nature of the lesion. Surgical excision is preferred to avoid the expected complications, including fistula formation, ulceration, and infection.Keywords: Bronchogenic Cyst, Computed Tomography, Calcifications, Lung Malformations
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Seeds of Ocimum basilicum (Basil) have many phytochemical components with anti- inflammatory and antioxidant property like its leaves. Aim of this study was to determine anti-inflammatory effect of O. basilicum seeds extract (OBSE) and mucilage (OBSM) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Three doses of OBSE and OBSM (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to separate groups of male Wistar rats, 2 h before ulcer induction (acetic acid 4%) and continued for 5 days. Normal saline (5 ml/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) were administered in control and reference groups, respectively. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose (at sixth day) and tissue injuries were assessed macroscopically, pathologically and for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. All three doses of OBSM and OBSE reduced ulcer score, area and index as well as weight of wet colonic tissue compared to the control group significantly. In addition, OBSM (at three doses) and OBSE (400 mg/kg) were statistically effective in attenuation of mucosal inflammation severity and extent, crypt damage, total colitis index, and mono-amino oxidase (MPO) activity compared with controls. While both fractions were effective in amelioration of colitis in rats, OBSM was more effective than OBSE especially with greater doses (200, 400 mg/kg). It seems that mucilage form of O. basilicum could exert more protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in colitis tissue suggesting a suitable candidate for colitis prevention or treatment as alternative or complementary therapy.Keywords: Acetic acid, Basil seed, mucilage, Colitis, Ocimum basilicum, Plant extract
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In many cases, a set of obstacles, such as bridge piers and abutments, are located in the river waterway. Bridge piers disrupt rivers normal flow, and the created turbulence and disturbance causes diversion of flow lines and creates rotational flow. Geometric shape and position of the piers with respect to flow direction and also number of piers and their spacing are effective on changing the river-flow conditions, such as formation of vortices, their breakdown and hydrodynamic forces exerted on the piers. This study has been performed by using the two-dimensional, open-source, OpenFOAM software. After selecting the grid size in GAMBIT software, different pier shapes were investigated, taking into account different Reynolds numbers, and formation of the flow pattern, Strouhal number, vortex magnitude, and drag and lift coefficients for each pier shape were specified. Results for three different pier shapes showed that in Reynolds number of 200, the highest drag coefficient (1.82) and maximum flow velocity (1.55 m/s) was related to square pier. The lowest drag coefficient (0.46) was calculated for the rectangular pier (having a semi-circular edge on one side and a sharp-nose edge on the other side) when the flow collides with the semi-circular edge. The least drag and lift forces are exerted to the rectangular pier, as compared to other pier shapes. The lowest lift coefficient (0.012) was obtained for rectangular pier. On the other hand, position of sharp-nose edge in the wake region caused the vortex shedding to occur at a greater distance from the pier.Keywords: Bridge piers, abutments, Flow pattern, Drag, lift forces, Vortex shedding, Wake region, OpenFOAM
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BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder caused by auto-antibodies against self-antigens. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is a member of IL-1family, and it is a key cytokine in regulating inflammation. We aimed to detect the level of IL-37 in SLE patients and to correlate it with disease activity.MethodsA cross-sectional study included fifty children with SLE following up at the pediatric rheumatology clinic in specialized childrens hospital, Cairo University and chosen randomly; aged up to 16 years and thirty, apparently healthy children with matched age and gender, were assigned as the control group. In all cases and controls, full history was taken, full physical examination performed and laboratory investigations including level of IL-37 were done.ResultsLevels of IL-37 in the 50 cases with SLE were higher than in the 30 controls with statistically significant difference (P = 0.028). Level of IL-37 was higher in active cases than in inactive cases but without statistically significant difference (P = 0.58). Level of IL-37 level in cases with mild activity was lower than in cases with moderate or severe activity but without statistically significant difference (P = 0.23).Conclusionslevel of IL-37 was higher in our SLE patients than in controls and it is higher in active cases than inactive cases. IL-37 is correlated positively with duration between onset and diagnosis of disease and SLEDAI-2K activity score.Keywords: IL-37, SLE, Disease Activity
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Considering increasing development of nano-technology science and its wide use in most industries, textile industry was not excluded and manifested its capability in all fields accompanied with other sciences and achieved remarkable progress. Since interdisciplinary scientific research causes developing sciences and is attended by many specialists, in this research a beneficial step was provided applying dress design and textile chemistry sciences for more productivity of interdisciplinary discussions. In this study, the design of the drivers’ uniform and their self-cleaning property were analyzed. In a way that; first, cotton fabric samples were treated using TiO2 nanoparticles and poly carboxylic agent. Then, cotton fabric self-cleaning amount were evaluated and optimized. Based on the obtained results, drivers’ uniform design with self-cleaning property against chemical and natural stains was gained, utilizing optimized amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles. Therefore, the dress design applying nanotechnology discussions was effectively capable of having self-cleaning property in order to discolor natural color stains like tomato, sour cherry water, chocolate milk, gasoil, grease, oil, and chemical blue (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) and green (C.I. Direct Green 1) regarding scientific principles.Keywords: Dress Design, Drivers, Self-Cleaning, TiO2 Nanoparticles
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The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is an important factor for maintaining health and slowing disease progression. The use of antioxidants, particularly natural antioxidants, has become an important strategy for dealing with this cause of widespread diseases. Natural antioxidants have been used as therapeutic tools against many diseases because they are safe, effective, and inexpensive and are among the most commonly used adjuvants in the treatment of several diseases. Camel whey protein (CWP) is considered a strong natural antioxidant because it decreases oxidative stress, enhances immune system function, and increases glutathione levels. The structure of CWP is very similar to that of other types of whey protein from different types of milk. CWP contains many components, such as lactoferrin (LF), lactalbumin, lactoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme, and is rich in immunoglobulins. However, in contrast to other WPs, CWP lacks β-lactoglobulin, the main cause of milk allergies in children. The components of CWP have many beneficial effects, including stimulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been shown that CWP and its unique components can facilitate the treatment of impaired diabetic wound healing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CWP in human and other animal disorders are not fully understood. Therefore, the current review presents a concise summary of the scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of CWP to support its therapeutic use in disease treatment and nutritional intervention.Keywords: Antioxidant, Camel whey protein, Free radicals, Health problems, Inflammation
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Statement of Problem: The degree of conversion depends on the material composition, light source properties, distance from light source, light intensity, curing time, and other factors such as shade and translucency.ObjectivesIn the present study, we evaluated the effects of different light- curing modes and shades of methacrylate and silorane-based resin composites on the degree of conversion of resin composites (DC).Materials And MethodsThe methacrylate-based (Filtek Z250, 3M, ESPE) and low-shrinkage silorane-based (Filtek P90, 3M, ESPE) resin composites were used in three groups as follows: group 1-Filtek Z250 (shade A3), group 2-Filtek Z250 (shade B2), and group 3-Filtek P90 (shade A3). We used a light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit for photopolymerization. 10 samples were prepared in each group to evaluate the degree of conversion; 5 samples were cured using soft-start curing mode, and the other 5 were cured using standard curing mode. The DC of the resin composites was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and one- way ANOVA statistical tests.ResultsThe degree of conversion of silorane-based resin composite was 70 - 75.8% and that of methacrylate-based resin composites was 60.2 - 68.2% (p = 0.009). The degree of conversion of the composite with brighter colour (B2) was statistically more than the darker composite (A3). Higher degree of conversion was achieved applying the standard curing mode.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that the colour and type of the resin composite and also the curing mode influence the degree of conversion of resin composites.Keywords: Degree of Conversion, Methacrylate, Based Resin Composites, Silorane, Based Resin Composites, Soft, Start Curing
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در دهه اخیر، کاربرد بتن متخلخل برای پوشش کف پیاده روها و روسازی جاده ها به عنوان رابطی برای جمع آوری رواناب های شهری مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بتن متخلخل از نظر قابلیت نفوذپذیری و قدرت انتقال آب حائز اهمیت می باشد. در این پژوهش، در طرح اختلاط اولیه بتن متخلخل معمولی، مقدار سنگدانه و سیمان به ترتیب 1400 و 330 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب و نسبت آب به سیمان بین 35/0 تا 45/0 بود. در طرح اختلاط بتن متخلخل با افزودنی، افزودنی هایی که استفاده شدند عبارت بودند از: زئولیت، پرلیت، پوکه معدنی و پوکه صنعتی (لیکا)، به همراه سیمان تیپ 2 و تیپ 5. ویژگی های مقاومت فشاری و ضریب نفوذپذیری (هدایت هیدرولیکی) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که اضافه شدن افزودنی ها، مقاومت بتن متخلخل را کاهش می دهد. به طوری که این کاهش مقاومت برای افزودنی های زئولیت، پرلیت، پوکه معدنی و پوکه صنعتی بین بیشترین و کمترین درصد افزودنی به ترتیب برابر 13، 4/48، 1/10 و 6/12 درصد می باشد. ضریب نفوذپذیری در اکثر تیمارهای افزودنی، بجز پرلیت، نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین افزایش ضریب نفوذپذیری (3/7 درصد) در تیمار افزودنی حاوی 5% پوکه معدنی و بیشترین کاهش ضریب نفوذپذیری (7/3 درصد) در تیمار افزودنی 10% پرلیت بوده است. در مجموع، در بین افزودنی های استفاده شده، تیمار با 10% حجمی پرلیت، بیشترین میانگین مقاومت (95/11 مگاپاسکال) و تیمار با 10% حجمی پوکه صنعتی، کمترین میانگین مقاومت (2/3 مگاپاسکال) را دارا می باشد، که نشان می دهد اضافه کردن پوکه صنعتی نسبت به سایر افزودنی ها با کاهش مقاومت بیشتری همراه بوده است. افزودنی پرلیت در رده ی بعدی قرار می گیردکلید واژگان: نفوذپذیری بتن متخلخل، مقاومت فشاری، هدایت هیدرولیکی، پرلیت، پومیسIn the last decade, porous (pervious) concrete has been used in sidewalks and surface pavements for collection of urban runoff water. Porous concrete is highly considered for its hydrailuc conductivity and water transport capacity. In the present research, the original porous concrete was made of 1400 kg/m3 aggregates and 330 kg/m3 Portland cement, along with water to cement ratio (W/C) of 0.35-0.45. In the mixture of porous concrete and additive, the following additives were used: zeolite, perlite, pumice and clay aggregate, with type 2 and type 5 Portland cement. Compressive strength and permeability coefficient (hydraulic conductivity) were studied. Results revealed that adding additives decreases compressive strength of the porous concrete. This reduction in compressive strength for the highest and least amount of zeolite, perlite, pumice and clay aggregate was 13, 48.4, 10.1 and 12.6 percent, respectively. Hydraulic conductivity increased in most of the treatments, except perlite. The highest increase in hudraulic condictivity (7.3 %) occurred in the treatment containing 5% pumice and the highest reduction in hydraulic conductivity (3.7 %) occurred in the treatment containing 10% perlite. In general, among the different additives used in this experiment, the treatment containing 10% perlite had the highest compression strength (11.95 MPa) and the treatment containing 10% clay aggregate had the lowest compression strength (3.2 MPa). This shows that adding clay aggregate reduces compression strength of porous concrete more than other additives. The perlite additive ranks next.Keywords: Permeability of porous concrete, Compression strength, Hydraulic conductivity, Perlite, Pumice
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مایکوباکتریوم اویوم تحت گونه پاراتوبرکولوزیس (MAP) عامل مسبب بیماری یون، بیماری مهم اقتصادی در نشخوارکنندگان سراسر دنیا می باشد. عامل بیماری در مصر برای اولین بار در سال 2005 جدا شد. از آن پس، پاتوژن در استان های مختلف مصر شناسایی شد. به منظور ردیابی منبع عفونت، تعیین ژنوتیپ با استفاده از روش های ساده با قدرت تفکیک و تمایز بالا از قبیل تعداد متغیر تکراری های پشت سر هم - واحد تکراری پراکنده مایکوباکتریایی (MIRU-VNTR) در کشورهای مختلف انجام شدند. تاکنون اطلاعات منتشر شده ای راجع به تعیین ژنوتیپ MIRU-VNTR جدایه های MAP در مصر وجود ندارد. به منظور پرداختن به این موضوع، 100 نمونه مدفوع از سه مزرعه پرورش شیری مشکوک مختلف جمع آوری و کشت داده شدند. 14 جدایه متعلق به یک مزرعه به عنوان MAP شناسایی شدند و تعیین ژنوتیپ با استفاده از واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز هشت جایگاه مختلف MIRU-VNTR انجام شد. دو ژنوتیپ مختلف بر اساس پلی مورفیسم اندازه ای در یک جایگاه (VNTR-7) شناسایی شدند که با تعیین توالی تایید شد. کار ما پایه اولیه ساخت پایگاه اطلاعاتی تعیین ژنوتیپ MRIR-VNTR باکتری MAP را در مصر فراهم می کند.کلید واژگان: مصر، INMV، MIRU، VNTR، پاراتوبرکولوزیسMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johnes disease, an economically important disease in ruminants worldwide. It was first isolated in Egypt in 2005. Since then, the pathogen has been detected in different Egyptian provinces. In order to trace the source of infection, genotyping using simple methods of high discriminatory power such as mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) were carried out in different countries. Until now there is no published information about MIRU-VNTR genotyping of MAP isolates in Egypt. To address that point, 100 faecal samples were collected and cultivated from 3 different suspected dairy farms. Fourteen isolates belonging to one farm were identified as MAP and subjected to genotyping using 8 different MIRU-VNTR loci PCRs. Two different genotypes were recognized based on size polymorphism observed in one locus (VNTR-7) that was confirmed by sequencing. Our work provides a preliminary basis of constructing a MIRU-VNTR genotyping database of MAP in Egypt.Keywords: Egypt, INMV, MIRU, VNTR, paratuberculosis
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A set S of vertices in a graph G=(V,E) is called a totalý ýk -distance dominating set if every vertex in V is withiný ýdistance k of a vertex in S ý. ýA graph G is total k -distanceý ýdomination-critical if γ k t (Gý−ýx)Keywords: ýDistance dominationý, ýtotalý ýk, distance dominating setý, ýtotal k, distanceý ýdomination, critical
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BackgroundAedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue virus. This mosquito has become the major indirect cause of morbidity and mortality of the human worldwide. Dengue virus activity has been reported recently in the western areas of Saudi Arabia. There is no vaccine for dengue virus until now, and the control of the disease depends on the control of the vector.ObjectivesThe present study has aimed to perform phylogenetic analysis of Aedes aegypti based on mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene at Almadinah, Saudi Arabia in order to get further insight into the epidemiology and transmission of this vector.Materials And MethodsMitochondrial ND4 gene was sequenced in the eight isolated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Almadinah, Saudi Arabia, sequences were aligned, and phylogenetic analysis were performed and compared with 54 sequences of Aedes reported in the previous studies from Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, and Africa.ResultsOur results suggest that increased gene flow among Aedes aegypti populations occurs between Africa and Saudi Arabia.ConclusionsPhylogenetic relationship analysis showed two genetically distinct Aedes aegypti in Saudi Arabia derived from dual African ancestor.Keywords: Aedes, Mosquito, ND4 gene, Phylogenetic, Saudi Arabia
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BackgroundSepsis remains a major problem for both scientists and clinicians. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is considered the gold standard for animal models of sepsis. The undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics have forced scientists to discover new, natural, and safe antimicrobial agents, such as cephalopods, which are known to display significant antimicrobial activity..ObjectivesThe present investigation aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antiseptic efficacy of Sepia officinalis body tissue (SOBT) extract and S. officinalis polysaccharide (SOP) from its cuttlebone..Materials And MethodsForty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups, and starting 2 hours after CLP, treatments were given for 2 days as follows: sham control rats treated orally with distilled water, septic rats treated orally distilled water, septic rats treated orally methanolic extract of SOBT (500 mg/kg b.wt) suspended in distilled water, and septic rats treated orally SOP extract (200 mg /kg b.wt) dissolved in distilled water. On the third day, half of the rats in each group were euthanized for blood collection. The other half were kept alive and used for the survival study..ResultsThe present study revealed that the SOBT and SOP extracts showed in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, administration of SOBT and SOP increased the rats’ survival rates by 66.7% and 83.33%, respectively, as compared to the untreated CLP-septic rats. Treatment of the CLP-septic rats with SOBT and SOP significantly alleviated alterations in procalcitonin levels and in some hematological parameters induced by CLP..ConclusionsSOBT and SOP had profound antiseptic efficacy..Keywords: Sepsis, Antibacterial Activity, Procalcitonin, Sepia Officinalis Body Tissue Extract, Sepia Officinalis Bone Polysaccharide Extract
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سابقه و هدفمیزان بروز حیوان گزیدگی در شهرستان قوچان از متوسط کشوری و استانی بالاتر است. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی اپیدمیولوژیکی موارد حیوان گزیده قوچان اجرا گردید.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه مقطعی، افراد حیوان گزیده شهرستان قوچان در سال 1392 بررسی گردیدند. داده ها پس از گردآوری، توسط نرم افزار SPSS17 و آزمون هایی مانند تی تست، کای اسکوئر، رگرسیون لجستیک تجزیه و تحلیل گردید.یافته هامیانگین سنی افراد حیوان گزیده 8 /19±2/ 32 بود. 3/ 31% مونث و 7/ 68% مذکر بودند. احتمال ایجاد جراحت عمیق توسط حیوانات ولگرد 5/ 2 برابر حیوانات اهلی و توسط سگ 6/ 12 برابر گربه بود (05/ 0>P). جراحت ایجادشده در خانم ها شدیدتر از آقایان بوده و میانگین سنی زنان حدود 10 سال بیشتر از مردان بود (05/ 0>P).
3/ 16% ساکن شهر و 7/ 83% روستایی بودهاند. بیشترین موارد در خرداد (2/ 11%) و کمترین موارد در دیماه (7/ 5%) بود (05/ 0>P).
اغلب، جراحت توسط سگ (7/ 86%) و گربه (5/ 9%) ایجادشده بود. در 2/ 95% موارد، حیوان مهاجم، اهلی و صاحب دار بوده که در 3 /41% موارد به صاحب خود حمله کرده بود. 9/ 36% افراد هنگام عبور از کنار حیوان، 1/ 18% موارد نامشخص و 1/ 11% هنگام ورود به منزل صاحب حیوان، مجروح شده بودند. بیشترین موارد حمله حیوان، ساعت 18-12 (مد ساعت 17) رخداده بود.نتیجه گیریبا توجه به بالا بودن میزان بروز حیوان گزیدگی در شهرستان قوچان، تدارک برنامه های مداخله ای مناسب جهت پیشگیری و کاهش موارد حیوان گزیدگی به ویژه در مردان جوان روستایی و دانش آموزان و تاکید بر ایمن سازی سگ های صاحب دار ضروری به نظر می رسد.
کلید واژگان: حیوان گزیدگی، اپیدمیولوژی، هاری، قوچانBackground And ObjectiveThe incidence rate of animal bite in Quchan city is much higher than national and provincial average. This project was done to study the epidemiologic distribution of animal bite cases in Quchan city.Materials And MethodsIn this cross sectional study, all animal bite cases of Quchan city in 1392 were studied. Then collected data was entered SPSS17 software and were analyzed by few tests such as t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression.ResultsMost cases were 21-30 years old and mean of age was 32.2±19.8 years. 31.3% were female and 68.7% were male. The risk of severe injury by stray animals was 2.5 times higher than pets and by dogs was 12.6 times higher than cats (P<0.05). Severity of injury in women were greater than men and women were about 10 years older than men in average (P<0.05). 16.3% of cases were city residents and 83.7% of them were rural residents. Highest number of cases of animal bite injuries occurred in June (11.2%) and the lowest in January (5.7%). The culprit animals in most case of bite injuries were dogs (86.7%) followed by cats (9.5%). Invasive animals in 95.2% cases were pets and domesticated and in 41.3% of them attacked their owners. 36.9% of cases were injured when they passed by the animal and 11.1% of them were injured when they entered the animal owner’s house. Most animal attacks occurred at 12-18 o’clock.ConclusionBecause incidence rate of animal bites in Quchan city is high, it is essential that provide an appropriate intervention programs to prevent and reduce the incidence of animal bites, especially in the rural young men and students and with emphasis on immunization the pets.Keywords: Animal bite, Epidemiology, Rabies, Quchan -
BackgroundPotential association of leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms has been suggested in the processes leading to breast cancer initiation and progression. We investigated whether genetic variations in the LEP -2548G/A gene are associated with risk of breast cancer.MethodsThis case-control study consisted of 100 breast cancer cases and 100 control subjects without breast cancer that matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Genotyping of LEP -2548G/A polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Serum leptin level was determined by ELISA in all study subjects.ResultsThe genotype distributions (AA, AG, and GG) were 36, 55, and 9% in breast cancer cases and 52, 45, and 3% in control group, respectively. The frequency of LEP -2548 GG genotype was significantly elevated in breast cancer cases as compared to controls (χ2=6.90, p=0.032). Similar difference was also found in allele frequencies between two groups (χ2=5.65, p=0.017). A markedly increase risk of breast cancer was associated with the LEP -2548GG genotype when compared to the LEP -2548 AA genotype (OR=4.33, 95% CI=1.09-17.22). In addition, postmenopausal women who bear at least one LEP -2548 G allele were at a markedly increased risk of breast cancer after adjusting for age and BMI confounders (OR=12.24, 95% CI=1.13-131.73).ConclusionThe LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism is associated with markedly increased risk of breast cancer especially in postmenopausal Ahvazian women and supported the hypothesis that leptin is involved in breast cancer.Keywords: Brest Cancer, Leptin, polymorphism, PCR, RFLP
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BackgroundThe use of shorter radiotherapy schedules has an economic and logistic advantage for radiotherapy departments, as well as a high degree of patient convenience. The aim of this study is to assess the acute and short-term late toxicities of a hypofractionated radiotherapy schedule with a concomitant boost.MethodsWe enrolled 57 eligible patients as group A. These patients received 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions of 2.66 Gy each to the whole breast over 3.2 weeks. A concomitant electron boost of 12 Gy in 16 fractions was also administered which gave an additional 0.75 Gy daily to the lumpectomy area for a total radiation dose of 54.5 Gy. Toxicity was recorded at three weeks and at three months for this group as well as for a control group (group B). The control group comprised 76 eligible patients treated conventionally with 50 Gy to the whole breast over five weeks followed by a sequential electron boost of 12 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences observed in the incidence of acute skin toxicity, breast pain, and edema recorded at three weeks or pigmentation and fibrosis recorded at three months between the two groups (P0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest there are no increased acute and short- term late toxicities affiliated with the hypofractionated schedule plus a concomitant boost as prescribed compared to the conventional fractionation of adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Large randomized trials and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these favorable findings.
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Objective(s)Leptin receptor (LEPR) is a member of the class I cytokine receptor super-family that is known implicated in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We have investigated the effect of Q223R polymorphism on the breast cancer susceptibly in a sample of Iranian subjects.Materials And MethodsWe utilized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to investigate the association ofLEPRQ223R polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a case control study consisting of 100 breast cancer cases and 100 controls without breast cancer. Serum levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) were measured by ELISA method.ResultsThe genotype (QQ, QR, and RR) distributions were 25, 56, and 19 % in breast cancer cases and 54, 40, and 6% in controls, respectively. The frequency of 223 RR genotype was significantly elevated in breast cancer cases as compared to controls (χ2= 20.072, P<0.001). Similar significance differences were also found in allele frequencies for Q and R between two groups (χ2= 19.027, P< 0.001). Additionally, there weresignificant association between Q223R genotypes and breast cancer risk; homozygotes for RR genotype (OR= 6.840; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.434-19.218), heterozygotes for QR (OR=3.024; 95% CI = 1.620-5.644, P = 0.001), and QR+RR genotype (OR= 3.522; 95% CI = 1.934-6.414, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionOur results showed thattheLEPRQ223R polymorphism is associated with increased breast cancer risk as well as tumor grade in a sample of Iranian subjects.Keywords: Breast cancer Leptin receptor rene polymorphism Polymerase chain reaction Restriction fragment length polymorphism
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فلفل (Capsicum annuum) به طور عمده از طریق بذر تکثیر می گردد. در ایران، از بذر هیبرید فلفل استفاده می شود که یک محصول وارداتی است. از آنجا که جوانه زنی بذر فلفل های گلخانه ای و تثبیت گیاهچه آنها زمان زیادی نیاز دارد، فن کشت بافت امکان تولید سریع تعداد کثیری گیاه که از لحاظ ژنتیکی مشابه هستند را فراهم می کند. در این تحقیق، تاثیر ژنوتیپ، نوع ریزنمونه و تنظیم کننده های مختلف رشد بر کالوس دهی و باززایی گیاه کامل ارزیابی شد و بهترین ترکیب محیط کشت و ریزنمونه جهت ریزازدیادی ارقام تجاری فلفل در ایران ارائه گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تاثیر نوع ژنوتیپ، اثر متقابل ریزنمونه و تیمار هورمونی، اثر متقابل این دو عامل با عامل ژنوتیپ روی صفات مورد ارزیابی را در سطح 1% معنی دار نشان داد. براساس نتایج این مطالعه، ریزنمونه های برگ و کوتیلدون در ترکیب هورمونی یک میلی گرم در لیتر IAA + 5 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP جهت ریزازدیادی فلفل مناسب تشخیص داده شد. به نظر می رسد به منظور ریزازدیادی فلفل در مقیاس وسیع در گلخانه، استفاده از ریزنمونه برگ با توجه به تعداد بیشتر آن در گیاه، مقرون به صرفه تر باشد.
کلید واژگان: کشت بافت، کالوس دهی، جوانه دهی، باززاییPepper (Capsicum annuum) is generally propagated from seeds. In Iran، imported hybrid seeds are used for this purpose. Germination of the greenhouse pepper seeds and stabilization of their seedlings takes a long time. But، tissue culture technique could rapidly propagate this plant with a homogeneous genetic structure in a large scale. An attempt was made in this study to evaluate the effects of different genotypes، explants and growth regulators on callus production and regeneration and introduce the appropriate protocol for micropropagation of commercial varieties of pepper in Iran. Analysis of variance indicated that effect of different genotypes، interaction of various explants and combination of hormones and interaction between genotypes، explants and hormones were significant on the evaluated traits at 1% level. Based on the results، for micropropagation of pepper with leaves and cotyledons، combination of 1 mg/l IAA and 5 mg/l BAP was selected. It seems that using leaf explants for micropropagation of pepper in large scale in greenhouses would be suitable.Keywords: Tissue culture, Callugenesis, Budding, Regeneration
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