shahram moradi

Because heavy metals can build up within the bodies of living things, and because of chemical reactions, they can become poisonous and carcinogenic. Among other things, heavy metal-containing salts are one way these elements enter the body. In Khuzestan Province, Iran, the Shorbarik River is one of the most significant rivers from which salt is mined. In order to assess the health and quality of the salt taken from the Shorbarik River in accordance with national regulations, this study looked into the concentration of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in these salts. The Shorbarik River was the study region, and the surface salts of the dried bed were sampled in four stages. After drying in an oven, they were injected with acid into an atomic absorption device. Due to the high concentration of cadmium in the region's salts, the risk of cancer from exposure to heavy metals through salt consumption is serious. Ecologically, the Shorbarik River's salt is generally low in lead contamination and considerably high in cadmium contamination, with high levels in the spring and summer. Therefore, it is recommended to consume refined salt.

This study aimed to report a simple environmentally compatible method that is economically affordable for the facile biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in corn steep liquor (CSL) nutrient using the sewage of a leather factory.

The biosynthesis of AgNPs were done by reduction of AgNO3 in the sewage of leather factory as a mixed bacterial culture and corn steep liquor under anaerobic condition while protecting from light.

The AgNPs were found to have a characteristic absorption peak at 416 nm on the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. Characterization of AgNPs was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) images showed poly-dispersed spherical stable AgNPs with a maximum diameter of 20 nm. Moreover, the dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the average size of AgNPs was 15.57 nm with a zeta potential value of -19.2 mV. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated more antibacterial activity in opposition to gram-negative bacteria. The zone of inhibition of biosynthesized AgNPs in 1 mM concentration of AgNO3 against Escherichia coli was equal to that of gentamicin.

The interaction of protein residues with AgNPs was identified, supporting that the proteins not only act as a reducing agent but also as a capping. The synthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity, providing commercial viability in biomedicine.

The theoretical structure of conceptual blending is based on the idea that the process of meaning construction arises from the combination and fusion of conceptual structures. In this process, inner mental spaces are formed, mappings between these spaces occur, and as a result of selective blending between these spaces, a new space called blended space emerges, which is more than the sum of its constituent parts. This article examines the mental spaces related to the term "rend" in Hafez's poetry. The main goal of this article is to clarify how the character of "rend" in Hafez's poetry transforms into an elevated and perfect human being with all the negative characteristics associated with it in the external world, deserving of authority and leadership. The research findings indicate that Hafez has created a character by using mental spaces and blending them regarding "rend", which, despite possessing the real qualities of a "rend

Rivers are one of the most important water sources that play an important role in providing water needed for various activities such as agriculture, industry, drinking and electricity production. Many of the water resources planning in the countries are based on the potential of surface water resources. Therefore, knowledge of the quality of water resources is one of the important requirements in planning and developing water resources and their protection and control. Used water considering the importance of the Shurbarik River for the use of the people of the surrounding villages, in this study, the water quality of the Shurbarik River was determined using water quality parameters. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the parameters of dissolved oxygen, pH, biologically required oxygen, chemically required oxygen, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity were investigated in four seasons. Based on the average NSFWQI index, the water quality of Shobarik River is in the bad quality category. The range of this index is between 29.9 to 35.4 in all seasons. The average of this index is the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. Based on the average IRWQISC index, the water quality of Shobarik River is in the bad quality category. The results related to the value of the Liou index also show that the numerical value of this index is in the range of 3.25-4.25, which indicates the relatively polluted quality of water from the point of view of this index in all seasons. Contrary to the differences in the parameters and methods used to calculate the indicators, the results of all methods are consistent and are very useful for evaluating water quality.

Calculating the burden of diseases is essential for their monitoring. The burden of cardiovascular diseases in Kurdistan Province has not been reported. This study aimed at calculating the burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Kurdistan Province from 2011 through 2017.

In this cross-sectional study, incidence data were extracted from registration systems. The methods of the World Health Organization (WHO) were employed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of cardiovascular diseases in the Kurdistan Province. DALYs were calculated by summing the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for sex, age group, and year.

The burden of cardiovascular diseases increased from 18569.1 DALYs in 2011 to 34929.8 DALYs in 2017. The highest increase and the largest decrease in DALY according to the all age-standardized DALYs index were related to acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in women, respectively. The highest DALYs in both sexes were in the age group of over 80 years.

The burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing in the Iranian province of Kurdistan. It is, therefore, essential to implement appropriate and adequate interventions such as lifestyle modification, extensive screening, public education promotion, and operational plan development. We hope our results will aid decision-makers in performing urgent interventions.

Recent advances in synthesis of nanoparticles have paved the way for the development of new nanocomposites with new and unique properties. Precise control of the basic structures of nanoparticles, such as size, shape or formulation, enables us to make composites of these nanoparticles that have superior properties. In this study, a nanocomposite containing cadmium telluride quantum dots in a polyvinyl acetate matrix was synthesized and the capabilities of this nanocomposite as a gamma sensor were studied. Gold nanoparticles were then synthesized and characterized. Three- component nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles / cadmium telluride quantum dots in a polyvinyl acetate matrix was prepared and the properties of this nanosensor against gamma radiation were investigated. The results showed that three-component nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticles have better and more sensitive performance than two-component nanocomposite.

We aimed at estimating the burden of cancer in Kurdistan Province, western Iran during 2011-2017.

In this cross-sectional study, incidence data extracted from the cancer registry system and death data were extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death of Kurdistan Province. We applied the WHO’ methods to calculate the disability-adjusted life year (DALYs).

The burden of cancer increased from a DALYs of 12309 in 2011 to 13969 in 2017, the YLL from 11644 in 2011 to 12951 in 2017 and the YLD from 665 in 2011 to 1018 in 2017. The top five cancers, according to DALYs (%) in both sex during 2011-2017 were: stomach (25%), lung (14%), liver (9%), esophagus (6%), and colon (6%). The most burden of cancer related to gastrointestinal tract (54% vs. 45%). Totally, more than 25% of DALYs were related to stomach cancer.

The increasing DALYs of cancer in Kurdistan Province is one of the major public health concerns as in most developed countries. More than half of the burden of cancer in the Kurdistan Province is related to gastrointestinal tract. Stomach cancer, is accounting for more than 25% of the burden in both sexes. Urgent policy, management and public health measures such as general education, screening, early detection and effective treatment are recommended to reduce the burden of cancers and especially gastrointestinal tract malignancies.

An eco-friendly, highly efficient, and tandem reaction between 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and quinolinium salts in the presence of DABCO, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, in an aqueous medium is developed for the synthesis of functionalized polycyclic naphthooxazocines. The advantageous features of this operationally simple procedure along with good to excellent yields of products highlighted this method for the preparation of oxazocine. Moreover, the products obtained without the need for column chromatography. In order to reduce the hazards of chemicals and solvents, the reaction was conducted in the green solvent, water. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by different methods involving IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy.

The statistical tests such as T-test and Kruskall-Wallis test were used to study and analyze the difference between the quantitative parameters before and after constructing dams and the effect of different factors on water quality. The results of statistical tests showed that the values of the investigated water quality parameters (except EC value) before constructing (pre) dams were significantly different from the values after constructing dams in reservoir downstream stations. Sulfate (SO2-4) concentration in downstream stations of Marun Dam (Behbahan and Cham Nezam) reduced by 30 and 23 percent, respectively, and Cl- concentration increased 21 and 12 percent, respectively. Similarly, the difference between the values before and after constructing Jarreh dam at Mashin station was a 106% reduction in the concentration of sulfate ion (SO2-4) and a 78% increase in the concentration of chlorine ion (Cl-). The reason for this increase is probably due to the effect of river flows on the Formation and the relationship between the reservoir and the Formations where water has a long residence time and then reduced due to the exposure to the Geological Formations as well as the existence of agricultural activities downstream and before quality monitoring stations could be another reason for this claim. In addition, in the reservoir system, the concentration of soluble salt may be diluted by runoff from winter snowmelt and spring rains. Therefore, it can be concluded that water quality characteristics of Marun and Roudzard rivers in the studied basin has been affected by the constructed reservoir dams.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Although there are several treatment modalities for this disease, pentavalent antimonials are still considered as first line agents. There have been several reports concerning the effectiveness of Cassia fistula plant for leishmaniasis treatment.

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of concentrated boiled and hydroalcoholic extracts of C. fistula on leishmaniasis lesions in comparison with intralesional injection of meglumine antimoniate (MA).
Patients and

In this randomized parallel clinical trial, 165 patients, 6-60 years old, with positive results of leishmaniasis smear tests were selected amongst the patients referred to the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center (SDLRC), Isfahan, Iran. They were randomly allocated to three groups for treatment with concentrated boiled extract of C. fistula, hydroalcoholic extract of C. fistula, and intralesional injection of MA. Patients were assessed at weeks one, two, three, four, and 16. Results of the treatment were reported as complete, partial, and no improvement.

complete resolution of the lesions at week 16 was observed in 22 (40%), 20 (36.4%), and 36 (65.5%) patients, in those treated with concentrated boiled extract of C. fistula, hydroalcoholic extract of C. fistula, and intralesional injection of MA, respectively. The efficacy of intralesional injection of MA was significantly more than concentrated boiled extract of the C. fistula application (P = 0.02). In addition, the efficacy of intralesional injection of MA was significantly more than hydroalcoholic extract of the C. fistula application (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the efficacy of concentrated boiled extract and the hydroalcoholic extract of the C. fistula (P = 0.61).

Our study showed that almost 40% of the patients treated with C. fistula achieved complete resolution of the lesions. We recommend further evaluation of the effect of combined intralesional injection of MA and topical therapy with this plant, to assess the accelerating resolution of leishmaniasis lesions, and possibly decrease the applied dose of MA.

In this work, the structural and electronic properties of folic acid molecule on functionalized (7,0)zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube was studied in gas phase on the basis of density functionaltheory (DFT). Furthermore, covalent interaction of folic acid with single-walled carbon nanotube wasinvestigated and its quantum molecular descriptors and binding energies were calculated. The DFTB3LYP/6-311G(d) calculations revealed that the binding energies of single walled carbon nanotubewith folic acid have negative values and decrease with increasing in the number of functionalization.

The present study aimed to investigate risk and protective factors of drug abuse among high school students. The sum of 1124 high school students (573 boys and 551 girls) were selected based on the stratified random and cluster sampling from Tehran’s high schools. A number of different scales; American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS), Prevention Planning Survey (PPS), Blings-Moss Copying Responses (CR), Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory School Form (SEI-SF), Collins-Reed Revised Attachment Inventory (RAI), and Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI) were administered for data gathering. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio models. There were significant differences between students with and without drug abuse in copying styles, self-esteem, attachment style, emotional intelligence, family atmosphere and family substance abuse. Odds ratio of drug abuse for students with family drug use for boys and girls was 11 and 1.63 times more than others respectively. In the recent years, the most important achievement in the areas of theorizing and policy-making for drug abuse preventive programs is to emphasis on risk and protective factors as a descriptive and predictive framework. This study findings emphasized family factors, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and coping styles in this regard.

Background C:utaneous Leishmaniasis(CL) is still considered as a health problem in the world. Several methods of control in different regions together with obtaining integrated information on its natural foci are needed to decrease its prevalence. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of simultaneous interventions (such as insecticide spraying against the vectors, careful rodent control, improving environment, and ecosystem changes) for CL control. Regarding the present study, we embarked on pretesting pilgrims of Emamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas(AS) using a standard questionnaire. Then, three methods of controlling the disease including: 1. Spraying residential buildings with Bygon2. Baiting with chlorate anticoagulant poisons against the district’s rodents 3. Changing vegetative cover of the region and improving its environment4. Improving environment(waste disposal, improving the inadequate status) 5.Mounting mesh on all the doors and windows of the buildings of residential parts. Through a comparison between the numbers of pilgrims affected by the cutaneous leishmaniasis after and before the interventions, an evaluation of the control actions was done. In the statistical universe of the pilgrims during the stages of before intervention (pretest) and after it (Posttest), 23(1.4%) and 5 (0.3%) persons were affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively. Kisquare statistical test didnt indicate any significant difference between the two statistical universe's relative frequency of persons affected by critical zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (PV=0.731). the only scientific way for preventing and controlling zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis was combination of control methods (improving environment, fighting off the disease’s districts and vectors) together with changing vegetative cover of the region. Any measure for controlling disease must be taken and programmed in accordance with the relevant experts’ views, in coordination with other organizations, and with society’s participation.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infection caused by protozoan genus leishmania the incidence rate of which has been estimated as 0.28 in every 1000 individuals in Iran. Although glucantime is commonly used to treat leishmaniasis, it has some side effects including increased liver enzymes and electrocardiogram changes. In addition, the drug is expensive, the injection is painful, and research shows that glucantime resistance of parasite is growing in different parts. Therefore, scientists are paying more attention to new drugs such as nanosilver solution. The present study tried to evaluate the in-vivo topical effects of different concentrations of nanosilver solution. Colloidal particles were used in this study. Female Balb/c rats aged 6-8 weeks were studied in groups of 10. Different concentrations [60, 80, 120, 130, and 2000 particles per million (ppm)] of nanosilver 4000 were prepared (Nano Alvand, Arad Co., Iran). Rats were subcutaneously injected at the base of the tail with 0.1 ml of solution containing the parasite. Clinical control of the infection trends was conducted weekly for 6 weeks by measuring lesion diameter at the base of the tail. Data was analyzed by paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test. The significance level was considered as P < 0.05. Mean lesion diameter before and after the treatment did not significantly differ between different groups (P > 0.05). Likewise, a significant difference in splenic parasite load was not observed between different treatment groups. Based on our results, different concentrations of nanosilver are ineffective in reducing mean sizes of lesions. However, nanosilver can be used in treating secondary infections in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health and emotional intelligence of employees of Maskan Bank in Tehran; as well as investigation of relationship between employees mental health and their gender, job, position marriage situation, level of education and years of work. For this purpose, 384 persons from Tehran Maskan Bank were selectedby a systematic multi-clustral sampling. They completed 2 questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Phi test. The data indicated that mental illness among the subject to was 10/9 percent and it was higher for females. Prevalence of cashier employees was higher that manager employees. Married Employees with low education and more years of work had a higher level of mental illness. Of course, none of these findings were significant. Furthermore, 12/8 percent of the subject had very low emotional intelligence; and 21/8 were in very high level of emotional intelligence. 38/5 percent of them were in middle level of emotional intelligence,17/8 percent in high level, and 9/2 percent in low level. Results of this research indicated that gender, level of education, marriage situation, type of job and years of work have important effects on mental health of the employees. Also, most of the employees were in middle level of emotional intelligence.

Cycloaddition reaction between C30 and hula-I, 3-diene was studied within the Snimework of AM I (RHF)level. The reaction involving the double bond between two hexagons and a hexagon and a pentagon, as wellas the cycloaddition products followed by disrotatory ogs s electrocyclic ring openings were considered.Thermodynamics parameters and stability energy and innsation state are evaluated in three Valence isomers

Ultraviolet radiation can contribute to various damages to body organs espe-cially to skin. However, the effect of Ultraviolet B on the function of viruses, immunologic changes and antioxidants levels which protect human skin health are still unknown. We aimed to find the harmful level of UVB that can be helpful in taking preventive action against the in-creasing depletion of Ozone layer. In this cross-sectional study conducted in Isfahan population, two areas with high and low levels of UVB radiation were investigated based on the information obtained from Meteorologi-cal Office. Samples in each area were selected by a cluster-sampling method. 250 persons were as-signed to each group. The antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxide level of samples were meas-ured. Data were analyzed with Student t test by using SPSS software. The mean (± standard deviation) of Malondialdehide in high and low UVB radiation areas were 2.8 ± 0.32 and 1.65 ± 0.38 nmoles/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean (± standard deviation) of antioxidants capacity levels were 81.6 ± 2.36 μmol/l in patients living in low UVB radiation area and 76.5 ± 2.6 μmol/l in patients living in high UVB radiation area (P < 0.0001). Glutathione Peroxide levels were 38.2 ± 1.7 and 35.3 ± 1.9 μmol/l in areas with low and high UVB radiation respectively (P < 0.0001). Findings of this study indicates that the amount of free radicals and antioxi-dant capacity in high UVB radiation areas are less than areas with low levels of UVB radiation. Therefore, it is suggested that necessary considerations should be taken into account for the residents of such areas in order to reduce its health damages.

In many ways, medicine, and specifically dermatology, is practiced in much the same manner today as in centuries ago, but more recently, dermatologists have been facing enormous changes in the way they perform their profession and much of this is a result of a fundamental change in the manner in which information is exchanged through information technology. With the advent of more advanced telecommunications, imaging capabilities, information transfer, and management options, dermatology, as with many medical fields, is facing new opportunities and challenges. Therefore, the need for integration of new events throughout information technology seems to be necessary. This article determines the effects of health information technology (HIT) on mainly two important aspects: quality and efficiency, and indicates that HIT system substantially improves health care quality and efficiency. This article also identifies advanced types of these information systems in dermatology field. There are challenges to HIT’s adoption and unfortunately, in opposite to the developed countries, investing in technologic affairs mostly has been neglected in the developing countries. Therefore, we have suggested some recommendations for the improvement of these information systems.

The reaction mechanism between (H2C) and (7, 0), zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes(ZSWCNTs) on two different orientation of C-C have been studied by semi empirical AM!method. The activation barriers of (H2C) adding to (7, 0) ZSWCNT are computed and compared.The effects of diameters of zigzag SWCNT on their binding energies were studied

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral disorders among elementary students in Fars province. the sample size consisted of 1445 elementary students (749 boys and 613 girls) which were selected utilizing multistage stratified random method. Children symptom inventory (4th -edition (CSI-4), and demographics inventory were used to diagnose students with behavioral disorders. Frequency, percentage, and chi-square test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that 22.4 percent of students had behavioral disorders. Prevalence of behavioral disorder was more in both boys and urban than in girls and rural. Third grade students had maximum and fifth grade students had minimum rate of behavioral disorders. There existed a significant relationship between sex, dwelling, mothers education, and fathers job, with behavioral disorders. There is no significant relationship between father scholastic, parental death and divorce with behavioral disorders. According to the findings, behavioral disorders are considerably high, and the children must receive serious attention and supports.

Protonation of the reactive intermediate produced in the reaction between trimethyl phosphite and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethy-lphenol, 4-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline leads to vinylphosphonium salts, which undergo Michael addition with the conjugate base of the OH-acid to produce highly functionalized 2-oxo-2H-chromene or azacoumarins in good yields.

Behavioral disorders constituted a wide range of childhood problems and its prevalence has been fluctuated in several areas of the world and Iran. This essay deals with the degree of behavioral disorders prevalence of Ilam province primary students. This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Statistical universe of this research consists of all students of primary grade in Ilam in educational year of 2004-2005. The number of students in this research, to implement the uestionnaire, was 1546 students who were selected according the method of quota sampling in accordance of sex, living areas, educational grade and the method of multistage cluster sampling. The teacher form of Rutter questionnaire was used as screening tool and psychiatry diagnostic interview form for students who had the higher score than cut-off point in Rutter test. The Chi- Square test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed degree of behavioral disorders prevalence in primary school students in Ilam province was about 10/2 per cent. The degree of prevalence in boys was greater than girls, in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. It also was greater in senior students in comparison with other educational grades. The results of prevalence according to sub-groups of diagnostic class of Rutter test shown that the highest degree of prevalence belongs to social maladjustment disorder and the lowest degree of prevalence belongs to anti-social behaviors disorder. There was a significant relation among factors such as demographic, parent`s education, parents` divorce and record of mental disease in the family and the behavioral disorders incidence in child. Degree of behavioral disorders prevalence in comparison with the other researches in and out of Iran is in a medium domain.

Regarding to ADHD is believed to the most common behavioral disorder in children, the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. This study compared ADHD children and normal children. In this comparative study, subjects were 192 children with ADHD who referred to pediatric psychiatric clinic in two years therapeutic period. The children were diagnosed as ADHD according to DSM-IV by two pediatric psychiatrists (experimental group) and 210 normal children who were chosen from schools and day-care centers in Tehran (control group). Research variables were matched with experimental group. Data were analyzed with descriptive methods such as: Q Square test. Findings showed that 79.3% of ADHD-positive subjects and 54.3% of their controls were boy. Consanguinity of parents, history of ADHD and psychiatric disorders in parents and their relatives and being the first or second child of family were associated with greater risk of ADHD in children and showed significant difference between two groups (P<0.001). Male, Consanguinity marriage, history of ADHD and psychiatric disorders in parents and relatives and the first or second child are risk factors of ADHD.

The conformational behavior of monosubstituted tri-methylsilyle ethynyl Derivative of Cal ix[4]arene as a newgeneration of Caliarene was compared with tetra alkylated calyx[4]arene. The most important conformationalphenomena in these compounds which are pinched cone interconversion process were done by semi-empiricalmethod and ab initio calculations with Gaussian 98w programming.