siyavash.mousavi rakati

In this qualitative research with a descriptive method, we want to answer the question, what is the role of education in preventing the social harms of students in Iran? The result of which was as follows; Education, as a social reality, can play a key role in preventing social harms such as drug harm, deviant behavior harm, and student burnout; Because it rehabilitates students who are exposed to drugs with resocialization, students who are exposed to deviant behaviors with social re-identification, and students who are exposed to academic burnout with re-social vitality. ; Because A Education can play a role in preventing their addiction by providing correct information about drugs to students. Because students spend a lot of time in school; This is a good opportunity to provide the necessary information, and to strengthen their behavior, to implement the necessary prevention. b. Education has the duty to prevent deviant behavior of students, which is caused by failure, mental and psychological pressure and boredom, by providing equal opportunities for education. Because every student has a series of wishes and desires, many of them search for their wishes and desires in continuing their education J. Academic burnout is one of the important educational issues that not only alienates students, but may also hinder their academic progress, possibly disrupting students' academic performance in school and the learning environment. Therefore, schools and especially teachers should solve this problem with the help of parents, by encouraging and developing appropriate programs.

In this qualitative article, we tried to answer the question, what criticisms have sociologists brought to sociology with the descriptive method? The result of which was as follows; It seems that sociological criticism was born in the 19th century and from the psychological criticism; Therefore, not only sociology itself, but also sociological criticism is considered a part of modernity. Criticism that criticizes its own problems from the inside and society's problems from the outside. Therefore, sociology is not only a problematic issue, but also an enlightening issue and a revolutionary issue. Therefore, it challenges all the ideas in the society, so sociology is a protest science, as a revision in all the values, opinions, norms and symbols of the society. In general, sociologists believe that these criticisms are relevant to sociology; a. Why sociology on the two paths of structure-action; subject-object; Is the mind-mind and individual-society stopped? b. Sociology should get out of the non-committal and commercial mode and turn into the enlightening mode; To be able to find out the causes of various problems and changes in the society and activists so that he can solve them. J. Today, the most important mission of sociology is to understand the causes of concern and general indifference and despondency in society. d. Among the three roles, the ruler, the ruler's advisor and the researcher, sociologists should avoid the role of the ruler's advisor and choose the role of the researcher; Because the role of the ruler's advisor makes the sociologist not maintain his intellectual and moral integrity. But the role of the researcher makes the sociologist fulfill his main duty, which is to spread rationality, enlighten public opinion, expand awareness and help to develop, establish and maintain democracy.

This research is a qualitative research that was done with a descriptive method. The purpose of this research was to answer the question, what kind of culture is the political culture of the West? The result of which was as follows; The word culture in the meaning that is used today is the result of a historical transformation; Because until the 18th century in the West, culture was used to mean cultivating, protecting and worshiping. But from this century onwards, culture finds its modern meaning; It means the way of life. But with the formation of modern and quasi-modern governments and the democratization of societies, a new form of culture is created, which is called political culture; Because the modern government needed people's participation in various social and political fields to confirm itself. In one definition, political culture can be people's orientation towards political affairs. But with the formation of modern and quasi-modern governments and the democratization of societies, a new form of culture is created, which is called political culture; Because the modern government needed people's participation in various social and political fields to confirm itself. In one definition, political culture can be people's orientation towards political affairs. In general, there are three types of citizens and three types of political culture in Western societies; First. isolated citizen with limited or closed political culture; In this type of political culture, people's orientation towards political goals is extremely weak. Second. indifferent citizen with subservient or passive political culture; In this type of political culture, people cannot have much political efficiency. Third. A committed citizen with a participatory or active political culture: In this type of political culture, people are relatively involved in the development of laws. However, according to the research, there is a significant relationship between the type of society and the type of political culture in the West. In other words, the more cooperative and submissive the society is, the more civil the political culture of that society will be. This is like citizens influencing the political structure and being affected by this structure. Also, there is a significant relationship between the type of citizen and political culture in the West; Because the more competitive the political culture is, the more committed the type of citizen will be; And the more isolated the type of citizen, the more limited the political culture will be.

question, what has been the role of education in the development of civil society in Iran and the West? It was decided to come out like this; In the ancient times of the West, education was a private matter. But in the Middle Ages, education became a religious matter. In the event that during the Renaissance, education became a public matter. But in the end, in the new era of the West, education became mandatory. Because in ancient times there were private schools. In the Middle Ages, the church ruled the society. During the Renaissance, the printing industry provided the basis for rapid and widespread publication, and finally, in the new era of the West, due to the government's rule, public education became compulsory. However, there were class schools in Iran in ancient times. But in the Islamic era, they became religious schools. In the case that in the modern era, they were first private and later became compulsory. Because in ancient Iran, education was exclusive to the children of nobles and influential people. But in the Islamic era, because Islam considered education and training as the right of all people, education and training became public and religious. Then, in the contemporary era, due to the Iliat governments, it became private and class-based, but finally, due to the rule of the government, education in Iran became compulsory again In general, in the new world, with the expansion of cities, people's habits and way of life and thought patterns changed. Therefore, education should try to familiarize students with their citizenship rights. Because if students are aware of their rights and responsibilities, they will definitely not allow any person or group to violate their rights, or if they are faced with unjustified authoritarianism in society, they will not surrender and will stand up to it and assert their rights. Because the most important goal of education is to institutionalize civil society, strengthen the spirit of democracy, acquaint students with citizenship rights, and teach critical thinking in students, as the future builders of society. 

The proposed article is a quantitative research that was conducted with a combined paradigm-survey method. In this article, based on Friedman's test, the priority and rank of paradigms of cultural structure, political structure and legal structure were determined in the degree of underdevelopment of Iranian society. It was also tried to measure the average underdevelopment between men and women and the average underdevelopment between single and married people based on independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. The result indicates that the comparison of the average ranks shows that among the three paradigms of cultural structure, political structure and legal structure, the most important paradigm of underdevelopment is cultural structure 3.00, legal structure 1.78 and political structure 1.22 respectively It also shows the relationship between men and women and the degree of underdevelopment; Because the value of the significance level of the independent t-test is reported as 515%, and this estimate is above 05%, at the 5% error level, it can be concluded that the average underdevelopment of men of the same weight is the same; Therefore, the research hypothesis is confirmed. On the other hand, since the Man-Whitney test's significance level value is reported as 297%, and this value is above 05% level at the 5% error level, it can be concluded that the level of underdevelopment of single and married people is the same; Therefore, the research hypothesis is confirmed.

was tried to determine the priority and rank of the paradigms of geographical structure, social structure and economic structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society based on Friedman's test. Also, an attempt was made to determine the relationship between age, academic rank with the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society from the point of view of the scientific middle class, based on Spearman's correlation coefficient. The result indicates that the comparison of the average ranks shows that among the three paradigms of geographic structure, social structure and economic structure, the most important paradigm of underdevelopment is 2/99 social structure, 1/55 geographical structure and 1/46 economic structure respectively. Also, the relationship between the value of age and the degree of underdevelopment shows that because the value of the significance level of Spearman's test is reported as 690% and because this value is more than 05% at the error level of 5%, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the value of age and the degree of underdevelopment. does not have. Therefore, our hypothesis is rejected. The relationship between the amount of scientific rank and the level of underdevelopment also showed that because the value of the significance level of the Spearman test was reported as 681% and because this value is more than 05% at the error level of 5%, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the amount of scientific rank and the level of underdevelopment. Does not exist. Therefore, the proposed hypothesis is rejected and not confirmed. 

In this qualitative article with a descriptive method, we want to answer the question, how do social media affect the mental and emotional health of students? The result of which was as follows; In today's modern world, social media has become an essential element of people's lives, including students. Because almost 3 billion people worldwide are connected through social media. Social media through; a. Mismanagement of time, b. Unreal comparison, p. Cyber harassment, t. Irregular sleep, Th. Media addiction destroys the mental and emotional health of students. Research results showed that using social media for more than two hours and referring to social media more than three times a day will cause media addiction. Therefore, the higher the use of social media, the higher the rate of anxiety and depression. Therefore, the higher the use of social media, the higher the rate of anxiety and depression. But social media through a. Removing physical limitations, b. Virtual learning environment p. Remote communication, t. Increasing communication skills. Creating learning opportunities can have positive effects on students' mental and emotional health. Overall, research results show that the best way to minimize the negative effects of social media is to be careful with students' use of social media; and through; creating restrictions in the format; Mindfulness, time management and connection with the physical world, how to manage them in using social media.

The research that has been prepared using the historical analysis, we have tried to analyze the social democracy, the question to be answered is whether the democratic process in the Western world, as the process is non-Western democracy? That outcome it was the democratic process in the Western world, completely different from non-Western societies are democratic process; Because the West from autocracy to a monarchy, and from the monarchy to aristocracy, and from aristocracy to Meritocracy, and the from Meritocracy reach to democracy. If the non-Western societies for reach to democracy, Should from the autocracy to a monarchy, and from the monarchy to oligarchy, and from the oligarchy to Patrimonial, and from the Patrimonial to aristocracy, and from aristocracy to Meritocracy, and from the Meritocracy reach to democracy. Law, as the heart of democracy in non-democratic societies, learn that, law enforcement agencies, are more important than the law itself. Thus, Between individual freedom and the election, there was a significant relationship. So that the, whatever is greater individual freedom in society, elections will be more democratic. And the election of the wider society, the freedom of the individual, would be more civil. Because the minority seeks to create a balance between individual freedom and collective equality so that they can play a role in decision-making and make decisions in order to rule in this way. If the majority wants to rule the society by holding elections, civil organizations, approving laws and publishing them, this confrontation, that is, the process of the majority method and the process of the minority attitude, will not result in the promotion and development of a democratic method and vision for the society.

In this qualitative study, which was prepared by the hermeneutic method, we tried to answer this question, “what is the role of ulama in contemporary developments in Iranian society?” The result was that; during the wars of Iran and Russia, the Qajars demanded the participation of ulama in war due to the despair of internal and external factors. The Ulema issued a fatwa for Jihad for eliminating the risk of foreigners dominating the Muslim community. People responded enthusiastically to the request and sincerely to their fatwa. But with the belief that these victories were to be recorded in the name of the ulama, the Qajar leaders retreated and signed the shameful treaties. However, the Ulema backed the people against the privileges of the Naseri age and by issuing the Fatwa, started the first contemporary social movement of Iran against domestic tyranny and foreign colonialism. This movements provided the basis for the Constitutional Revolution. The Ulema in the Constitutional Revolution, through a new reading and a new interpretation of religion, formalized constitutionalism to reduce the powers of the Shah. During the Pahlavi era, the Ulema stood against the making of a non-religious community by the Pahlavi kings, so some of them were killed, imprisoned and exiled. Finally, Imam Khomeini, was inspired by the tobacco movement, the Constitutional Revolution, forty-two revolt, and the elimination of the weakness of the political thought of the Ulema, by intruducing the Velayat-e Faqih thought, leading the ulama to the great revolution of Iran. In sum, ulama played a corrective role during the Qajar period. In a sociological reduction, they called the kings deputies of the imams, which meant that Shah's authority was reduced in the people's spiritual and intellectual status. But during the Pahlavi period, the Ulema assumed the role of the opposition of power by a theory of choosing the Shah, by a group of prominent scholars. This role ultimately culminated in the ulama political rule and leadership.