z. alizadeh

Thermal comfort is one of the important and effective parameters on the health and efficiency of the human body, and textiles play a significant role in providing this parameter. In this regard, many engineered textiles have been proposed by adjusting different thermal mechanisms. In the present study, the recent developments in the field of active and passive temperature control (heating, cooling and two-mode textiles) have been expressed with emphasis on the effective mechanism of heat transfer in the desired textile. Finally, the used methods are compared and the challenges and opportunities in this field are pointed out.

Identifying the most suitable Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) seed origins (provenances) due to the increase in the intensity of summer drought in the Zagros forests is very important for the reforestation issue. In this research, the physiological and biochemical responses of Brant`s oak seedlings from eight provenances located in different altitudes and latitudes of Southern Zagros were investigated under drought stress (with the stopping of irrigation for one month). The data were analyzed in the factorial (2 levels of drought stress treatment and 8 levels of provenance), randomized complete design experiment by examining the simple and interaction effects of them. Also, drought resistance indexes of provenances were calculated and compared with each other by applying the photosystem II value before and after the stress. Results showed that severe drought stress significantly increased electrolyte leakage, osmolyte, Na, and proline contents in seedling leaves for all provenances. Although, the response of different provenances in terms of photosystem II was not similar. The provenances were located in lower altitudes (Basht site in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province and Ghaemiyeh site in Fars province) and had higher resistance and resilience values due to adaptation to high temperature and or low precipitation. Also, Chitab provenance (a cold site with less dryness in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province) became drought tolerant by closing its stomata during the day and thus reducing the photosystem II and improving it in the dark. Consequently, the drought resistance of Brant`s oak seedlings is partly influenced by the seed provenances and climatic conditions. The use of these results can be recommended to managers in the reforestation of the Zagros forests.

Investigation of genetic diversity is particularly important in understanding how populations are created over time and geographical locations. In this study, the genetic diversity of 22 populations of Alhagi maurorum was studied using RAPD and SCOT primers during 2018-2019. From a total of 27 RAPD and 24 SCOT primers, 19 and 18 primers showed high polymorphism, respectively. In overall, the RAPD and SCOT primers showed 100% and 95.42% polymorphism, respectively. The R3, R11 (0.42), and S12 (0.44) primers had the highest Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) index, the R10 (17) and S2, S4, S6, S7 and, S10 (13) primers showed the highest Effective Multiple Ratios (EMR) index, the R13 (5.92) and S7 (5.36) primers had the highest Marker Index (MI) and, the R4 (9.54) and S14 (11.7) primers showed the highest Resolving Power (RP. The results of molecular variance analysis were similar and the both markers showed 14% and 86% of the variations between and within the groups, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the RAPD and SCOT markers, classified the populations into three and six clusters, respectively. The analysis of the clusters showed that there was no correlation between the genetic variation and geographical diversity. It was suggested that in future studies, crossing between Tehran population and Gonabad, Tabas, Beshroieh, Sarbisheh, and Nilshahr populations which have a greater genetic distance, could be effective to create superior hybrids.  In this study, all the genetic parameters of both markers were similar and their efficiency was almost the same.

Nowadays, drug crimes have been recognized as one of the criminal acts whose effects generally affect the community, so in order to have a fair trial, the principle of innocence was considered in the process of investigating drug crimes. Given the rule of ethics over the law and their two-way relationship, it is necessary to have special requirements governing the institution of crime detection in drug crimes. The purpose of this study is to determine the ethical-legal requirements of the principle of innocence of the institutions of the criminal justice system in the process of investigating drug crimes. The present research is a part of applied research in terms of purpose and has been studied in terms of data collection method through documentary and library methods.

Regarding the crimes under discussion, we have witnessed the precedence of criminality over the principle of innocence in cases such as poppy and coca cultivation, confiscation of means of transportation, confiscation and confiscation of drug traffickers' property. From the perspective of criminal psychology, the individual factors influencing the occurrence of the crime are important, which supervises the accused and includes the police force. From the point of view of criminal psychology, the personality of the accused of drug crimes and his personal characteristics in the occurrence of the crime are considered.

One of the important tasks of schools is encouraging young people to participate and cooperate in all matters. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the school environment and moral intelligence with student achievement from perspective of physical education teachers.

This is correlation-descriptive research. Population of this study includes all students in Gilangharb city, of which 110 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were gathered through educational self regulation questionnaire by Ryan and Connell.

The results showed that there is a relationship between self-regulation and its dimensions with students' academic achievement. There is also a significant relationship between moral intelligence and students' academic achievement. (P<0.05).

Teachers can play an effective role in their academic achievement by creating an atmosphere full of cooperation and assistance among students.

Drought stress is one of the main obstacles in the of crops  production. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, first factor cultivars include Roshan and Kaver (Drought tolerate), Qods and Mahdavi (drought sensitive), Shole and Tabasi (medium resistance to drought) and the second factor was the osmotic stress applied with polyethylene glycol 8000 at three levels of 0,- 5 and -10 bar, Seeds of germinated cultivars were cultured under hogland conditions for 15 days under osmotic stress. In this study, the importance of the expression of P5CS and P5CR genes in relation to proline and MDA accumulation and their physiological role under osmotic stress conditions in six wheat cultivars was investigated. The effect of cultivars on proline accumulation was significant at 5% level .Proline contents of leaf and root of drought tolerant cultivars was -10 times more resistant than drought sensitive cultivars. In order to compare the mean interactions of osmotic stress × cultivars, the highest mean in the cultivars bright (drought tolerant) at osmotic stress level of -10 bars was showed. No significant accumulation of proline was observed in Roshan and Kaver cultivars, which are known as more resistant cultivars. Increasing osmotic stress and increasing MDA concentration were higher in Shole and Tabasi cultivars than other cultivars. By increasing the level of osmotic stress in the cultivars, the relative expression of genes P5CS and P5CR transcription increased. The genes showed at the level of osmotic stress -10 bar in Qods cultivar (sensitive), the gave highest expression in relative transcripts. While The highest relative expression was observed in the osmotic stress level of -5 bar in the Roshan cultivar (drought resistant).

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between identity styles and the presence and searching for meaning of life. The method was descriptive and correlation. The population was undergraduate students studying in Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz. The subjects were selected in a multistage method randomly in cluster from. The number of selected sample was 261 (136 women, 125 men). In this research Farsi translation of identity style inventory (ISI-4) of Phillips and Pittman (2007) and meaning of life questionnaire (MLQ) of Steger, Frazier, Kaler & Oishi (2006) were used. The statistical method was correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Findings showed: A- the informational style predicted positively the search for the meaning of life positively and significantly. B- The diffused/avoidant style of identity had negative correlation with the presence and searching of meaning of life. Regression analysis showed that light and confused information and search for the meaning of these two variables have predicted. The results showed that among identity styles, informational style predicted 21% of variance and next the diffused/avoidant style predicted 2% variance of meaning of life.

This study examined the effects of cognitive style and social identity on social tolerance in students. The study population consisted of all students from Shahid Chamran University, of which 277 were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire revised identity style (type IV) and Peter King and tolerance questionnaire (1976). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results of regression analysis showed that normative identity style could predict tolerance in religious beliefs and political views. This style could also predict negatively behavior tolerance. Confusing identity style could negatively predict tolerance in political and ideological views while predict positively behavior tolerance. Overall, the results showed that identity styles impact on social tolerance.

Self-care behaviors of heart failure patients is essential for optimal disease management. Social support can influence treatment adherence of patients with chronic illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between perceived social support and self-care behaviors of patients with heart failure.

In this descriptive correlational study، 170 patients with heart failure who were admitted in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected with purposive sampling method. Data were collected with 3 instruments: 1- Demographic and clinical questionnaire، 2- «Perceived Social Support Questionnaire» 3- «European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale». Content and face validity of instruments were evaluated. Reliability of instruments were evaluated with internal consistency and test re-test methods. The range of Cronbach''s alpha of «Perceived Social Support Questionnaire» in various dimensions were 0. 84-0. 91 and with test re-test method reliability values was 0. 92. Also reliability of «European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale» with internal consistency and test re-test methods was 0. 84 and 0. 91 respectively. Data for this study were collected in morning and evening shifts through interview and were analyzed with SPSS/18 software.

Results showed mean scores of perceived social support and self-care behaviors was 56. 13±16. 7 and 39. 35±12. 3 respectively. Subjects received the largest amount of emotional، instrumental، informational and appraisal support from their spouse. The largest part of perceived social support was related to emotional support. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient test There was a direct and significant correlation between perceived social support and its dimensions with self-care behaviors (p<0. 001).

The findings suggest a direct and significant correlation with perceived social support and self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure.

Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern known to have several etiologic factors. This study compared lifestyles among postmenopausal women with normal and abnormal bone marrow densitometries (BMD).Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, 81 postmenopausal women (33 cases with abnormal BMD and 48 control individuals with normal BMD) were selected using simple random sampling from Osteodensitometry center of Shariati hospital in Tehran. The BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck had been measured with DXA. The Lifestyle was assessed using a questionnaire containing items about taking calcium, vitamin D, hormones, and Alendronat, doing physical activity, consuming tea and cola, and smoking. Reproductive characteristics were also collected via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and independent sample t-test. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and relevant 95% confidence intervals were calculated through logistic regression, using SPSS v.13.

The results showed significant differences between two groups in weight (P>0.001), BMI (P=0.022), number of pregnancies (P=0.002), number of children (P=0.004), duration of lactation (P=0.0002), dietary calcium intake (P≤0.001), and period of calcium supplement intake (P=0.002). The average of acquired scores of lifestyle factors in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.037). Inappropriate lifestyle had increased risk of the disease (OR=3.36, 95%, CI: 1.10-10.26). Meanwhile in the multivariate analysis, only insufficient intake of calcium was found to be a risk factor (P=0.002) for osteoporosis.

In conclusion, the results of this study showed positive effect of calcium intake on bone mineral density.

Ba ckground A substantial proportion of the mortality in patients with type 2 iabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications. Insulin resistance is a major etiologic factor for the development of fatty liver. We aimed to study the prevalence of NAFLD among T2DM patients and its relation to insulin resistance. Methods Patients with T2DM that were referred to a tertiary referral center in Tehran from February 2003 to August 2005 were evaluated. Patients with characteristic findings on ultrasonography were considered as having fatty Livers. The Homeostasis Model Assistant - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated as measures of insulin resistance. R esults Of the 172 patients included in the study, 96 (55.8%) had evidence of fatty livers, 6 of which (3.5% of total) presented with elevated liver enzymes. BMI and triglyceride levels in the fatty liver group were significantly higher than patients with normal livers (p=0.002 and 0.036, respectively). The HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were not significantly different between the two groups. C onclusion Fatty liver is a common finding among T2DM patients. The degree of insulin resistance does not appear to be predictive of fatty liver among this population.