zahra yadegari

Chondrocytes are the major cell in hyaline cartilage playing a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical resilience of the tissue. We assessed the effect of an 808nm diode laser on the proliferation of human chondrocytes.

This study was conducted on human chondrocytes in vitro. The cells were divided into 5 cases and one control group. The cells were irradiated by low-level laser 808 nm, with energy levels of 1, 2, 3 J/cm² (0.2 W, for 5, 10, and 15 seconds), 4 J/cm² (0.3 W,13 s), and 5 J/cm² (0.4 W,12 s). The culture was incubated for 24 hours. The MTT assay was performed to determine the cell viability. After 72 hours of incubation, the procedure was reperformed to assess the effect of incubation duration. The cell viability in terms of incubation duration and irradiation parameters were investigated by a two-way ANOVA test. Pairwise comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni test.

In the 72-hour incubation group, cell viability in the group that received 5 J/cm² energy was significantly lower than that in the groups receiving 1 J/cm², 2 J/cm² and 4 J/cm² irradiation. The variables of time (P = 0.001) and energy level (P = 0.024) had significant effects on the cell viability of the samples. In the 24-hour incubation groups, no significant difference in cell viability was observed.

The diode 808 nm Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) at doses of 5 J/cm² and less did not show a significant increase in the proliferation of chondrocytes (regardless of incubation time). However, the best survival rate of chondrocytes was observed in the group of 4 J/cm² with 72-hour incubation.

Using fissure sealant is one of the most effective methods of preventing pit and fissure decay. Fluoride has been added to various materials as a known anti-caries agent. Fluorinated graphene (FG) has gained attention due to its unique properties. The specific structural characteristics of graphene fillers, besides having antibacterial properties by increasing the rate of fluoride release and charge and neutralizing the acidic pH of the environment, is a suitable option in many treatments. This study investigated the effect of addition of fluorinated graphene nanoparticles on the fluoride release in Fissurit®, a commercial fissure sealant.

In this in vitro study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) with bright white color was prepared. After synthesis, 0, 1, 2 and 4 by weight percent were added to the fissure sealant (Fissurit®). Then, the release of fluoride in this material was measured and compared with the commercial fissure sealant containing fluoride (Fissurit®).

According to the obtained results, the amount of fluoride released from groups with different percentages of FGO had a direct relationship with the percentage of FGO addition. Also, at different times, there was a significant difference between the groups with FGO and the control group without FGO (P<0.001).

Addition of FGO to the fluorinated fissure sealant caused the release of fluoride and the possibility of recharging it. The power of releasing fluoride and its recharging in fissure sealant with FGO was higher than the fluorinated fissure sealant, but its fluoride was discharged at a faster rate.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has favorable properties that make it able to be used as a denture base material, but it is also susceptible to the adhesion of microorganisms. In this study, we applied Octafluoropentyl (meth) acrylate (OFPA) coating on the PEEK polymer surface by using plasma spray and investigated the functional groups present on the surface, changes in the surface energy and Candida albicans adhesion.

In this experimental study, the samples were placed in a control group without surface preparation and three experimental groups that were subjected to plasma spray for 10, 30, and 60 s and then impregnated with degassed Octa fluoropentyl (meth) acrylate (Sigma‑Aldrich, USA) monomer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups and new chemical bonds between PEEK and OFPA, and Sessile Drop Method was used to evaluate the surface’s wettability. The surface morphology was checked using a LEXT OLS4000 (Olympus®‑Japan) microscope, and the inhibition of C. albicans adhesion was also checked by counting the colonies in terms of colony forming unit/mL (CFU/mL). Kurskal–Wallis analysis was conducted to assess Candida adhesion, while wettability was evaluated using analysis of variance and post hoc analyses. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

FTIR analysis confirmed that a chemical between OFPA and PEEK was established. The samples showed a significant increase in the contact angle after 30 s of plasma application (CA = 88.2 ± 7.3). The contact angle decreased again by increasing the surface modification to 60 s (CA = 64.33 ± 5.5). Examining the surface morphology of the samples shows an increase in surface roughness with increasing plasma time up to 60 s. The number of adherent colonies was the lowest in 30 s group, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.658).

No statistically significant difference in C. albicans CFU/mL count was found between groups. The contact angle of the 30 s group was significantly higher than the control group.

A novel mixed integer non-linear mathematical model is presented in this paper for the two-echelon allocation-routing problem by applying the conditions of the route and transportation fleet under uncertainty. The cost of allocating drivers to non-homogeneous vehicles is calculated in this model based on the type of the vehicle, the lifecycle of the car, the experience of the driver, and different degrees of hardness that are defined for various routes. The cost of passing the route is defined based on an initial fixed cost and the degree of hardness of the route. Also, the reliability of the routes in each section is defined as an objective in the second echelon of the model aimed at enhancing the reliability rate. Two metaheuristic algorithms, NSGAII and MOPSO, are utilized to solve the model. Then, their performance rates in problems with different sizes are statistically evaluated and compared by different indices, following the adjustment of their parameters by Taguchi's method, through which results indicated the high efficiency of the model. A sensitivity analysis is ultimately performed on the results obtained from the solution, and some suggestions are made for the development of the model.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease, involving the skin and mucous membranes. Although the pathogenesis of OLP is not fully understood, the immune system, genetic and environmental factors, medications, and infections may play an important role in OLP. The level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is known to increase in pathological conditions, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as inflammatory conditions, such as OLP. If pain and soreness are present, topical corticosteroids (CSs) are the first-line treatment for these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the level of MMP-9 in individuals with OLP before and after treatment with triamcinolone 0.2% mouthwash.

This study was conducted on 18 patients with erosive-atrophic OLP. First, 5 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected, and then, triamcinolone 0.2% mouthwash was prescribed to all the patients. After treatment and healing of the lesions, a sample was collected again from the participants. The MMP-9 concentration was quantified in all the samples using an ELISA kit.

The mean age of the participants, including five males and 13 females, was 45.7 years in this study. Before treatment, the mean MMP-9 concentration was 1.599 ng/mL, with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.074, while the mean (±SD) level of MMP-9 was 0.933 ng/mL (0.649) after treatment. The mean reduction was estimated at 0.666, with SD of 1.056 (P=0.016).

The MMP-9 level was significantly lower after treatment compared to the pretreatment stage. Based on the results, topical CSs, such as triamcinolone, can decrease the level of MMP-9, as a reliable biomarker of OLP severity; therefore, they can diminish inflammation and prevent the dysplastic progression of the disease.

This study aimed to assess the optimal concentration of propolis with and without vitamin C as a storage medium for avulsed teeth Following the preparation of L929 murine fibroblasts suspension, 5,000 cells were seeded to each well of a 96-well plate. After 24 h, the culture medium was replaced with 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0005, 0.0001, and 0.00005 concentrations of propolis(P) and propolis plus vitamin C(PC) using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium. After 2, 24, and 72 h of incubation, the percentage of cell viability was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, compared to the negative control group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 21). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the means, while Tukey’s test was applied for pairwise comparisons.  After 2 h, only the difference between the 0.001 concentration of P and PC was significant (P<0.005), such that cell viability was higher in the latter group. After 24 h, cell viability in 0.0005 and 0.00005 concentrations of P was significantly higher than that in the PC group. However, no significant difference was noted after 72 h. Cell viability was retained in all concentrations of propolis with or without vitamin C. On the other hand, with an increase in the concentration of propolis, cell viability decreased. Although PC was superior to propolis alone in cell viability; however, this effect decreased over time such that no significant difference was noted after 72 h.

Amastin is a surface glycoprotein in Leishmania species and one of the most important vaccine candidates due to its involvement in pathogenesis and being an essential virulence factor for parasite replication within the mammalian host cells. There are more than 60 copies of Amastin gene per genome of the parasite.

Following phylogenetic analysis, a selected Amastin sequence was optimized and cloned with signal peptide in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was evaluated by SDG-PAGE and a specific antibody by Western blotting.

Among the Amastin sequences within different chromosomes of Leishmania major, the main type known as delta Amastin (primary distributed on chromosome 34) could be expressed in E. coli host and was confirmed by SDG-PAGE and Western blotting.

Due to its copy number and evolutionary conservation and its role in pathogenesis, δ-Amastin is considered as an important vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis which could be expressed as a recombinant protein in E. coli.

 This study sought to assess the cytotoxicity of zirconomer and conventional glass ionomer (CGI) for L929 murine fibroblasts over time.

 In this in vitro, experimental study, 48 discs were fabricated from FX-II CGI and Shofu zirconomer and divided into three groups (n=16) for assessment of extracts obtained after 15 minutes (group 1), 24 hours (group 2) and seven days (group 3) of incubation following their initial polymerization. L929 murine fibroblasts were cultured and after 24 hours, they were exposed to extracts of the 48 discs in 144 wells. Cell-culture plates were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and independent sample t-test (P<0.05).

At 24 hours, the 15-minute extract of both materials showed the highest cytotoxicity while the 7-day extract of the materials showed the lowest cytotoxicity. The 15-minute extract of zirconomer showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than CGI (P<0.05). At 48 hours, the cytotoxicity of 15-minute, 24-hour and 7-day extracts of zirconomer decreased. The results for CGI at 48 hours were similar to those at 24 hours. The 15-minute extract of zirconomer had significantly higher cytotoxicity than that of CGI (P<0.05). At 72 hours, the results in both groups were the same as those at 24 hours, and all zirconomer extracts showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than CGI extracts.

 The cytotoxicity of both materials decreased over time. Zirconomer showed higher cytotoxicity than CGI at all time points.

One of the essential factors in successful endodontic therapy is the effective cleaning and disinfection of the root canal. This study aimed to determine the effect of cold plasma on infected root canals with Enterococcus faecalis and compare its antibacterial effect with the conventional medicaments in vitro.

Sixty-tree single-root teeth were extracted. Canals were cleaned and shaped. Ten teeth were selected as the negative control randomly. The rest of the teeth were incubated at 37°C for 21 days to form E. faecalis biofilm. The specimens were divided into six groups; each group had 10 teeth. In group 1 (the positive control group of calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste [TAP]), methylcellulose was placed in the root canal; in group 2, calcium hydroxide was placed in the root canal for 12 days; in group 3, 10 mg/mL of TAP was placed in the root canal for 12 days; in group 4, helium/oxygen plasma jet was used for 10 minutes. Group 5 was considered as a positive control of plasma, and group 6 was the negative control. After treatment, F4 Pro-Taper rotary file was used to collect root canal microbial biofilms. Bacterial suspensions were serially diluted, and the percentage of growth reduction for each group was obtained by dividing the logarithm of CFU/mL of each group by CFU/mL of the control of the same group.

The CFU/mL of TAP and plasma-treated samples was significantly lower than that of the control groups; however, there were no significant differences between the control group and the samples treated by calcium hydroxide. The most percentage of CFU reduction was in the TAP-treated group compared with plasma and calcium hydroxide-treated groups.

The application of cold plasma effectively inhibited the growth of E. faecalis and reduced bacterial biofilm. Also, in the present study, 10 mg/mL of TAP caused the complete elimination of E. faecalis. Calcium hydroxide had the most negligible effect on E. faecalis biofilm elimination.

The present study aimed to compare the antimicrobial properties of Iranian Mass mouthwash and alcohol-free Oral-B mouthwash against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans).

In this in vitro study, S. mutans and C. albicans were separately cultured on BHI agar plates. The agar well-diffusion method was used to compare the antimicrobial properties of Mass and Oral-B mouthwashes, and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as the positive control and saline as the negative control. The diameter of growth inhibition zones was then measured. The experiment was performed in triplicate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the two mouthwashes were determined for each microorganism using the broth micro-dilution method. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (Benjamini-Hochberg).

The mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans was 26.33 and 27.66 mm for Mass and Oral-B mouthwashes, respectively. These values were 18 mm and 17.66 mm, respectively for C. albicans. There was no significant difference in the mean diameter of growth inhibition zones of the two mouthwashes against C. albicans (P=0.38) or S. mutans (P=0.23). The MIC of Mass and Oral-B mouthwash for S mutans was in 1/1024 dilution ratio and the MIC of Mass and Oral-B mouthwashes for C. albicans was in 1/512 and 1/256 dilution ratios, respectively. The MBC values were the same as the MIC values for both mouthwashes.

Mass mouthwash was as effective as Oral-B mouthwash against S. mutans and C. albicans.

Recently, toothpastes containing herbal antimicrobial ingredients have gained popularity due to their reduced side effects. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two herbal toothpastes and a nonherbal type on pathogens responsible for caries and periodontal disease.

Full and 1:3 concentrations of two herbal toothpastes (Himalaya® and Herbex®) and a nonherbal type as the positive control (Crest® cavity protection) were prepared. Sterile distilled water was considered as the negative control. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) were cultivated on agar plates and incubated after adding toothpaste preparations. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post-hoc tests were applied at P <0.05.

The mean margin diameter was higher in full concentration than the diluted 1:3 formula for all examined toothpastes (P <0.001). All three toothpaste types exerted a significant antimicrobial effect compared to the negative control (P <0.05). The antimicrobial effect of Herbex® on S. sobrinus was significantly lower than the positive control, and it was significantly less effective against S. mutans compared to Himalaya (P <0.05). Furthermore, the efficacy of Himalaya® on L. casei and A.a was significantly lower than the positive control (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in other pair comparisons.

Considering the observed efficacy of herbal toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria and periopathogens, they potentially qualify as complementary agents for self-care oral hygiene procedures.

This study assessed the effect of apical size and taper on the efficacy of root canal disinfection with LED photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to irrigation with sodium hypochlorite.

A total of 126 extracted human mandibular molars were divided into 4 groups. The mesiobuccal canal was prepared to size 25/4% in group 1, 25/6% in group 2, 30/4% in group 3, and 30/6% in group 4 using the iRaCe rotary system. A 21-day Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was prepared and used for inoculation of the canals. Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups for canal disinfection with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite plus LED PDT and saline (positive control). Samples from the root canals were obtained with rotary files and cultured. Microbiologic data were analyzed using the Poisson regression test.

The bacterial count significantly decreased following disinfection with sodium hypochlorite with/without PDT in all sizes and tapers of preparation compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Increasing the apical taper or apical size and the use of PDT as an adjunct did not have a significant effect on the reduction of the bacterial count (P > 0.05). However, the apical size and PDT had a significant effect on the number of residual bacteria (P < 0.05), and increasing the apical size and conduction of PDT significantly decreased the number of residual bacteria.

The apical size and taper and the use of PDT as an adjunct did not have a significant effect on the reduction of the bacterial count. However, increasing the apical size and conduction of PDT as an adjunct to sodium hypochlorite irrigation significantly decreased the number of residual bacteria in the root canal system.

Regarding the prevalence and importance of periodontal disease and the potential of salivary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of these diseases, this study was conducted to compare salivary concentrations of Interleukin‑17 (IL‑17) and Interleukin‑18 (IL‑18) in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals.

The present research was a descriptive–analytical and also a cross‑sectional study. Unstimulated saliva with full‑mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 20 healthy individuals and 20 individuals with chronic periodontitis. The concentrations of salivary IL‑17 and IL‑18 were determined using the enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‑test was used for statistical analysis of the findings. Alpha level was set at 0.05.

The mean salivary concentration of IL‑18 in patients with chronic periodontitis was 143.10 pg/mL, which was higher than the same concentration in healthy controls (78.33 pg/mL), (P = 0.035). The mean salivary concentration of IL‑17 in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls was 3.51 and 4.57 pg/mL, respectively, and there was no difference between the two groups (P = 0.283).

Within the limitations of the present study, it may be suggested that an elevated salivary IL‑18 level in chronic periodontitis patients has the potential to be a biomarker for periodontal tissue destruction.

The aim of the study was to evaluate osteopromotive ability of human tooth powder and compare it to a bovine xenograft, a synthetic material and the DFDBA allograft.

This was an in vitro study. 30 teeth without caries, inflammation, infection, which have been extracted due to orthodontic reasons, have been gathered. The crowns were removed and they were treated with pulpectomy and then grinded to a powder with particles less than 500 microns. Osteoblast-like cells of MG-63 was cultured with tooth powder, Cerabone, DFDBA and Osteon II. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT test in 24 and 72 hours. The Alizarin red test was done after 3 and 5 days. To assess the osteoblastic activity, amount of Alkaline Phosphatase was measured in 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVO analysis.

According to the MTT test, all of the materials had a higher proliferation rate than the control group in 24 hours. In 72 hours, DFDBA with concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/ml had the lowest cell proliferation rate. DFDBA and the positive control group was able to create calcified nodules by Alizarin red test. In 48 and 72 hours, DFDBA with concentration of 40 mg/ml had the lowest alkaline phosphatase activity. In 72 hours, bovine xenograft had the highest alkaline phosphatase level and the synthetic material and tooth powder were after that.

Tooth powder was able to increase cell proliferation in comparison with the bovine xenograft, the synthetic graft and the DFDBA. However, its osteopromotive ability was less than the osteogenic materials.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produces different virulence factors allowing the bacterium to colonize and develop watery diarrhea. Proteomics studies have also introduced new protein belonging to the secretion pathways, antigen 43 (Ag43), which plays important role in E. coli pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate O-types and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from neonatal calves diarrhea. Total of 120 isolates from diarrheic calves were genotyped for their O groups and the presence of virulence genes K99, F41 and STa as well as Ag43. The predominant O-type was O101 (51.00%) and the prevalence of K99, F41 and STa was 7 (5.80%). The Ag43 was detected in all samples with three different allelic patterns. Our results indicated that K99 positive isolates certainly have one of each 2200 bp or 1800 bp or both copies of Ag43 passenger domain, while negative K99 isolates lack the Ag43. The results reported here provide informative data regarding the prevalence of E. coli O-types and their virulence factors in enteric colibacillosis. The Ag43 that was more found in K99 positive isolates might be associated with diarrhea-causing E. coli strains in neonatal calves.

Objectives Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the tooth-supporting structures. Leptin is a hormone produced by the human body under different circumstances such as infection. It affects the production of cytokines, phagocytosis and the inflammation process. This study aimed to compare the salivary level of leptin in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy controls. Methods In this case-control study, saliva samples were collected from 43 subjects including 22 CP patients and 21 healthy controls. The salivary level of leptin was determined using the ELISA. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test. Results Despite the presence of leptin in the saliva of CP patients and healthy controls, no significant difference was noted in its salivary concentration between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion The salivary level of leptin in CP patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample size are required to confirm the results of this study

The present study sought to evaluate and compare biocompatibility and setting time of Retro mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) and Angelus MTA.
Methods and Materials: CEM cement, Angelus MTA and Retro MTA were assessed in set and fresh states. Extracts transformed to each cavity of three 24-well plates in which 1×104 cell were seeded into each well 24 h earlier. All specimens were incubated in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37°C. Mosmann’s tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay was used to determine in vitro cytotoxicity on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Cell viability was determined at 1, 24, and 72 h after exposure. The initial setting time was measured by 113.4 g Gilmore needle testing. Then, final setting times were assessed by the 456.5 g Gilmore needle. Data comparisons were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05).
All groups in both forms indicated higher cell vitality compared to positive control group (P Our results indicated the good cell viability values of Retro MTA and relatively short period of setting time. It seems a promising alternative material in clinical situations where accelerated setting is required. However, more clinical and in vivo investigations are needed for a clear decision making.

Due to emphasis in reproductive health on maintaining women’s health, who undergo physiological changes during and after pregnancy, and the importance of maintaining hemoglobin and iron stores to keep mothers healthy, particularly during puerperium, and presence of studies that indicate the efficacy of the date fruit on reduction of hemorrhage in the third stage of labor , this study aimed to determine the effect of consumption of the date fruit on the amount and duration of postpartum bleeding.
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 nulliparous 18–35 year-old women in Omolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. In the intervention group, the mother was for 10 days given dates (100 gr/day), starting 2 hr after delivery. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, postpartum follow-up checklist, and pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC). Data analysis was performed using SPSS)ver .23), t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. P
The study results indicated that the amount of bleeding was lower in the intervention group in the first day, but was not statistically significant, however in the other days (2 to 10) there was statistically significant difference in the amount of bleeding between the two groups (P Postpartum consumption of the date fruit reduces the amount of bleeding, and since its postpartum consumption is not banned, new mothers are advised to consume it during this period

Amelogenins are the major components of enamel matrix proteins. Enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) can be used in periodontal diseases to regenerate periodontal tissues. The main aim of this study was to evaluate expression of full-length functional recombinant human amelogenin (rhAm) in Iranian lizard Leishmania (I.L.L.) as an alternative eukaryotic expression system. Human cDNA encoding a 175-amino acid amelogenin expression cassette was sub cloned into a pLEXSY vector. The construct was transferred into Leishmania cells by electroporation. The protein production was surveyed in the transcription and the translation levels. The expressed protein was purified and some of its biological properties were investigated in comparison to EMD and negative control. Expression of rhAm was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot test in Leishmania cells. Purified rhAm significantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) multinuclear cells in calcitriol stimulated mouse marrow cultures. Moreover, it significantly promoted proliferation and DNA synthesis in L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Functional rhAm was successfully expressed in I.L.L. Easy handling and post translation modification were the main advantages of this expression system. It is suggested to investigate molecular properties of this rhAm in the future.

Both the length of extra-alveolar time and type of storage media are significant factors that can affect the long-term prognosis of replanted teeth. This study aims to compare propolis 50%, propolis 10%, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), milk and egg white on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell survival for different time points. In this in vitro experimental study, we divided 60 extracted teeth without any periodontal diseases into five experimental and two control groups that consisted each experimental group with 10 and each control group with 5 teeth. The storage times were one and three hours for each media. The controls corresponded to 0-minute (positive) and 12-hour (negative) dry time. Rinsing in the experimental media, the teeth were treated with dispase and collagenase for one hour. Cell viability was determined by using trypan blue exclusion. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished by using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Tukey’s HSD post-hoc. Within one hour, there was no significant difference between the two propolis groups, however these two groups had significantly more viable PDL cells compared to the other experimental media (p<0.05). The results of the three-hour group showed that propolis 10% was significantly better than egg white, whereas both propolis 10% and 50% were significantly better than milk (p<0.05). Based on PDL cell viability, propolis could be recommended as a suitable biological storage media for avulsed teeth.

Endodontic sealers usually come in contact with adjacent tissues and their biocompatibility is key in a successful treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of three resin-based sealers, namely AH Plus, EndoREZ, and Epiphany in set and fresh states on an L929 cell line. In this in vitro experimental study, the materials were mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions, and were divided into two groups, fresh and set. The elutes of materials were prepared separately and were incubated with L929 fi broblasts for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours. Pulp Canal Sealer and Dulbecco’s Modifi ed Eagle Medium (DMEM) served as positive and negative controls respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay ([3-4,5-dimethyl thiazol- 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide succinate), after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey multiple comparison test. After 1 hour, fresh Epiphany and fresh AH Plus were signifi cantly more cytotoxic than their set samples. No signifi cant difference was perceived between cytotoxicity of fresh state of sealers and positive control, or between set state and negative control. After 24 hours, both fresh and set samples of all materials were signifi cantly more cytotoxic than the negative control group, and were less cytotoxic than the positive control group. After 72 hours, the fresh and set samples of all materials were as cytotoxic as the positive control group. At each time point, no signifi cant difference was perceived among different materials in terms of cell viability. The observed differences among the cytotoxicity of AH Plus, EndoREZ, and Epiphany did not reach a signifi cant level at comparable time points after exposure.

Fungi may play a key part in periradicular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal properties of two root-end filling materials, ProRoot Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and MTA-Angelus, against Candida albicans using tube-dilution test. The antifungal properties of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus against C. albicans was assessed at 1, 24, and 48 hours following administration of two concentrations of the antifungal agents (50 and 100 mg/ml). A total of 50 culture wells were divided into four experimental groups (Freshly mixed MTA, Freshly mixed MTA-Angelus, 24-h set MTA, and 24-h set MTA-Angelus) and two control groups. Each well was prepared for one specific agent with a specific concentration. For the set groups, the mixture was prepared and left for 24 hours. One milliliter of suspension of fungal colonies with concentration of 104 CFU/ml was then added to the mixtures in each well. All wells were incubated at 37°C and assessed at 1, 24, and 48 hours. This observation was based on the turbidity of the suspension in the tubes. At each time point, 0.02 ml of each suspension was cultured on a Sabouraud dextrose agar plate to confirm C. albicans growth. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Although all fresh and set samples were incapable of killing C. albicans at 1 hour, they demonstrated fungicidal ability on agar plates at 24 and 48-hour time points. MTA-angelus proved to be an effective antifungal agent compared to ProRoot MTA at concentrations of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml.

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the major inorganic component of hard tissues, the best bio-active materials, which is compatible with the bone tissue. In addition, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Nano-HA) have received enormous national attention in medical and dental applications recently; but the ultimate fate of the Nano-HA within the body is still unknown. Degradation products of nanomaterials are potentially cytotoxic. Thus, it is essential to assess biocompatibility before their usage in clinical applications.

Purpose of this research is to evaluate toxicity of hydroxyapatite nano particles on the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

In this experimental study, nano sized, rod-like hydroxyapatite particles sterilizalied then HPBMCs were cultured on 96-well plate. Cells were exposed to Nano-HA at the following concentrations: 15.5, 32, 65, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 ppm. Later, For measuring the cell vitality, MTT method was utilized. Measuring the photo absorption was done by ELISA READER system at 570 nm, which evaluated the vitality of cell by the value of MTT absorption cells. The statistical ANOVA test was used in this study

All of drug concentration were effective in Loweriy eellular biologic ectivity but none of them were statis fically significant.

Therefore as a conclusion we can adjudicate that "Nano-HA" biomaterial is the material which is compatibility with the human blood mononuclear cells.

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is an important biomaterial in medical and dental applications. Due to low solubility of its particles, it has had little application in bone reformation. For this reason, nanohydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) with a higher surface area and higher solubility has attracted the attention of researchers as an effective strategy for bone grafting purposes. There have been controversies regarding biocompatibility of the latter particles. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biocompatibility of nano-HA on L929 fibroblast cells.

In this experimental study, nano-sized, rod- like hydroxyapatite particles sterilized, then L929 fibroblast cells were cultured on 96-well plate. Cells were exposed to nano-HA at the following concentrations: 15.75, 32, 65, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm. Later, for measuring the cell toxicity of the material, MTT method was utilized to measure the absorption, which evaluated the viability of the cells for each concentration and time point. The statistical ANOVA test was used in this study.

Results of this study showed that although cell viability decreased by increasing concentration and time but ANOVA analyze indicated that there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

The results indicate that “Nano-HA" biomaterial has acceptable compatibility with L929 fibroblast cells.

Antimicrobial effects of nano silver particles have received enormous attention in medical and dental applications. Despite of wide spread use of nanosilver there is not enough studies about its side effects on human. Some studies have exhibited cytotoxicity of nano-silver particles. This research was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of nano silver particles on L929 fibroblasts cells, by MTT assay. In this experimental study, nano silver particles with 5,10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm concentration were exposed to 10.000 L929 fibroblast cells then cell vitality was assessed after 2,24,48 and 72 hours by MTT method. The light absorption was evaluated by Elisa Reader and recorded. Data was subjected to ANOVA test for statistical analysis. In all concentration groups, vitality of cells were the least after 24 hours, but the vitality of cells increased after 48 hours. The increase after 48H was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also concentrations more than 20 ppm in 2,24 and 48 H were significantly cytotoxic for fibroblasts. Nano silver particles at concentrations less than 20 ppm after 72 hours did not have toxic effects.