normalization

The possible victory of Donald Trump in the upcoming US presidential election could have profound effects on the development of the West Asian region. Given Trump’s previous foreign policies, which were strongly defined in line with the interests of the Zionist regime and in opposition to Iran, the main question of this article is how Trump’s re-victory could affect the political and security future of the West Asian region? Based on the hypothesis that Trump will seek to strengthen relations with Arab countries and continue to pressure Iran, this article examines the possible consequences of these policies on key developments in the region, such as the Palestinian issue, the future of Gaza, and the normalization of Arab-Zionist relations. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and, using library resources and discourse analysis of Trump's policies, attempts to predict the possible effects of his victory on the region. The initial findings of the research show that Trump's re-election could lead to an acceleration of the process of normalizing relations between Arab countries and the Zionist regime and further weakening the position of Palestine. Also, these policies will likely be accompanied by increased tensions between Iran and Western countries and the US's regional allies. Meanwhile, the future of Gaza is increasingly uncertain due to the US's unilateral support for the Zionist regime. The findings of the article show that Trump's possible policies, if he wins again, could lead to a realignment of regional forces and increased tensions in various security and political areas, which will ultimately face new challenges for the prospects for peace and stability in the region.

This study aims to identify the security implications of the normalization of relations between Arab states and Israel and to assess its impact on the Resistance Axis. The research problem focuses on examining the regional initiatives of the Zionist regime in the process of normalizing Arab-Israeli relations, with particular emphasis on the Western-Hebrew axis. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this research combines qualitative methods based on document analysis and note-taking with quantitative methods involving statistical analysis and surveys. This article is of an applied research nature, seeking to discover the consequences of a specific event by identifying existing issues and dominant trends, thereby adopting a descriptive approach.The establishment of strategic relations between Arab states and Israel enables the latter to enhance its espionage and intelligence-security operations against the Resistance Axis through Arab countries. The findings indicate that the normalization of Arab-Israeli relations impacts the security of the Resistance Axis from various perspectives, including the creation of a threat balance against the Resistance Axis, the formation of new regional alignments against the Resistance Axis, the expansion of U.S. influence in the region, the growth of terrorist groups, the failure to establish a stable security regime and arrangements in the Middle East, and the regional isolation and weakening of the Resistance Axis.

The normalization of Israel's relations with four Arab countries, including the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan, in the second half of 2020, which is known as the Abraham Accords, is one of the new and important changes in the Middle East (West Asia) regional security complex. These agreements put an end to a historical enmity and non-recognition of Israel as a country for nearly eight decades by these four Arab countries. Since these agreements, due to their nature, process and goals, have the potential to influence the security complex of the Middle East, investigating how it influences and its consequences on the pattern of friendship and enmity of this security complex is a research necessity and the goal of this article. In this regard, the main question of this article is how the Abraham Accords have affected the pattern of friendship and enmity in the West Asia Regional Security Complex? The current research seeks to answer the above question by using the qualitative content analysis method, using the security set theory of Barry Buzan and Ole Waever. The results of this research indicate that the Abraham Accords in 2020 have influenced the pattern of friendship and enmity in the West Asia security complex through strengthening the identity of the Hebrew-Arab coalition against the Axis Resistance. These effects are in the form of conflict between revisionists and supporters of the status quo in the West Asia security complex, simultaneous strengthening of the identity of the Hebrew-Arab alliance and the axis of resistance, the increase in the arms race and the continuation of the war as a method of resolving the conflict between the axis of resistance and the Hebrew-Arab alliance has appeared.

With the Al-Aqsa Storm operation, a large-scale attack launched by Palestinian groups against Israel in October 2023, profound impacts were made on the relations between Israel and Arab countries. While Saudi Arabia is recognized as one of the key players in the region, this event led to shifts in its regional policies and diplomatic relations with Israel. Saudi Arabia, which had previously maintained covert security and economic ties with Israel, began to feel both internal and international pressures to adopt clearer stances towards Israel after the Al-Aqsa Storm. This study examines how the Al-Aqsa Storm led to a reassessment of Saudi policies, particularly in terms of political and economic interactions with Israel. Additionally, it analyzes how this attack may influence the process of normalizing relations between Arab countries and Israel and how it might alter the balance of power in the region. The article employs a descriptive-analytical approach and is based on library-based documentation.

The United Arab Emirates follows the open door policy under its modernization project. This means that de-escalation with all the legitimate and illegitimate actors of the international system, including the Zionist regime, has been the focus of its policies. The reason for the alignment of the UAE with the western front is that this country considers its political life and national interests to be dependent on the western modernity system. Therefore, its adherence to the tools of modernity has become inevitable, and one of these tools is the convergence with the representative of the western actors, namely the Hebrew Front in the Middle East. The spread of the peripheral alliance of the Zionist regime to the Arab countries of the African continent in order to legitimize and expand the strategic depth with the mediation of the United Arab Emirates is one of the issues that has seriously threatened Iran's national interests in various fields and levels.
Therefore, it is necessary to examine the reasons for the UAE's role in normalizing relations between Arab Africa and the Zionist regime, the internal and external challenges of this country and its prospects in this direction. Among the most important goals of the current research is the epistemology of the potential and actual threats of the normalization phenomenon of the Zionist regime and is spreading to Arab Africa. In this research, the database method and the Delphi method (semi-structured interview with elites) have been used. The findings indicate that the United Arab Emirates needs to become an active player in the international system with the aim of repairing internal challenges, including the crisis of lack of strategic depth, needs for influential Jewish technologies and lobbies in the international arena, and gaining the trust of the Western Front as a supporter and founder of the Israel regime is one of the cases that has led the UAE to take an active role in the convergence between the Zionist regime and the rich countries of Arab Africa with which it has significant commonalities.

The Republic of Azerbaijan, with its distinctive geopolitical and geo-economic features, has a special role and status in the political scene of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In recent years, the presence of the Zionist regime in the South Caucasus region as a peripheral region of the Islamic Republic of Iran and strategic collaboration with the regional countries, especially with the Republic of Azerbaijan, and also continuing and enhancing these collaborations and adopting strategic plans, have posed serious challenges for the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. If defensive-security implications are not considered and anticipated to counteract the continuation of presence and further normalization of ties between the Zionist regime and the Republic of Azerbaijan, this could create serious problems in various political, military, security, economic, cultural and social domains for national security. The Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to “elucidate the defensive-security implications of the Islamic Republic of Iran in confronting actions stemming from the normalization of ties between the Zionist regime and the Republic of Azerbaijan”. The research method is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) content analysis method and Imam Khomeini’s Sahifeh (May God bless his soul) text during Sacred Defense has been studied with two approaches: analogy and induction. In this framework, 9 concepts related to “psychological warfare in Sacred Defense” component were extracted and their frequency status as well as their change trend were investigated. In addition, based on “coding and categorization” process, most important psychological warfare strategies were calculated. The findings indicate that Imam Khomeini’s (May God bless his soul) viewpoint on psychological warfare in Sacred Defense is based on three main principles: “the principle of unity and solidarity among Muslims; resistance and steadfastness against oppression and aggression; awareness-raising; vigilance against deception; sedition.”

National security has long been important in the political structure of all countries. Especially in the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, this issue is more tangible considering the sensitivities that it has in the regional and international geopolitical and geostrategic dimensions. In the meantime, the normalization of Saudi Arabia's relations with one of the first-class opponents of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asian region can lead to security concerns. Saudi Arabia, which had secretly established relations with the Zionist regime in the past, is now seeking to establish relations openly and encourage other Arab countries to establish relations with this regime. This issue can affect the security of the West Asian region. This research, using library sources and using the analytical descriptive method, seeks to evaluate the effects of the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime on Iran's national security. and u

Normalizing relations between Arabs and Israel is the on of the most complicated issues in the Middle East that is connected with the great powers and most of countries in the region. Iran is one of the countries that is severly threatened in the process of normalization of relations between Israel and the Arabs. Since the formation of the modern Middle East after second World War, the Arabs continuesly had confronted with two major threat; first, threat of creation of independent Jewish country in the Arabs territories and the second, threat of shiite reveloutionary Iran that has tended to export its ideas and concepts to the Arab world. The main question of the article is the why the Arabs have proceded to normalization of their relations with Israel while they feel threatened by both of above developments? This article with focus on descriptive-explanative method and using a threat balance approach argues that the main reason of the normalization of relations, on the one hand can be found in continiously increasing level of Iran s threat against the Arabs and in the other hand, in the decrease in severity of Israel s threats against them. As a result, the normalization of relations between them has occurred due to Iran s simultaneous threat to the Arabs and Israel.

The Israeli regime has always been dissatisfied with the lack of space and geographic confinement on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and this regime needs to institutionalize the Iranophobic approach in order to consolidate its strategic depth and have more relations with the Arab countries. Establishing a close and strategic relationship between the Arabs and Israel brings this regime closer to Iran's borders, because it enables Israel to border Iran's maritime and territorial waters indirectly. Being close to the border with Iran means ease in surveillance, eavesdropping and information espionage.The main question of the research is what effect does the process of normalizing relations between Arabs and Israel have on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? (problem); The research method is qualitative and the data collection tool is in the form of questionnaires, the main problem is analyzed with an analytical-documentary approach (method); The normalization of Arab-Israeli relations affects Iran's national security from various angles, which include factors such as the weakening of Iran's regional allies, the development and expansion of America's presence and influence in the region, the lack of regime formation and Stable security arrangements in the Middle East are the disruption of the balance of power structure and the growth of radical and extremist groups in the region (findings);

The role of legal- international norms in the regulation of relations and how to interact between international law subordinates requires that the strategies (traditional and modern) generating the mentioned norms be studied in order to have a precise understanding of the process of developments in legal- international normalization, and also activism and behavior that guarantees national interests be considered. On the other hand, the process of the development of the norms of international law has taken shape in a kind of controlling confrontation with armed conflict, as the basis of the United Nations’ Charter is to ensure international peace and security, so that prevent the international peace and the order derived from legal norms in legal relations between countries from serious damage and violation. Therefore, the main question of the research is that which one of the theories in the field of international security has the capacity to normalize international law? To answer this question, a descriptive- analytical method was utilized, and the concise conclusion of this study is that the theory of effects- based operations, which is the basis of the common doctrine of the United States of America, is a new strategy of normalization in international law.

Undoubtedly, one of the main reasons for the Arab states to normalize relations with the Zionist regime, both in the past and in the present, has been to gain the consent and support of the United States. The trend intensified with the inauguration of Donald Trump, with Trump adviser Jared Kushner saying that as Trump entered the White House, Arabs became more interested in accepting Israel officially.
But this issue is not limited to the presidency of Donald Trump, but is also pursued during the presidency of Biden. Because the Arab governments intend to have the support of the United States in the days after January 20, 2021. In fact, "American West Asian policy" under Trump is being pursued by Zionist officials. Since the Trump administration did not have specific policies and priorities for West Asia - with the exception of pre-existing arms deals - and only sought to isolate the Islamic Republic of Iran, its policies were largely from the eyes of the Zionist regime. In fact, Benjamin Netanyahu was decisive in this regard. “Jared Kushner" played the role of Donald Trump's representative in this regard, and the Christian right wing in the White House determined Donald Trump's West Asian policy and practically reflected the policy of the Zionist regime.

Securitization is depended to the context of the “Security Problem”. Transition of the environment from a normal issue to the political and security ones has made Nordic's security model as a new model. The research hypothesis is that the environmental threats in the Nordic have first transitioned from the public Sphere (the normal) into the political and security Sphere and then, through the four processes of security policy-making, security strategy, political capital, and actors' consensus become a part of the social life of citizens.

One of the most enduring conflicts in international relations has been the tense relationship between the United States and Vietnam. Vietnam's Communist leaders, who had, until decades before, eroded any US imperialist influence on their flags and set the pattern for the struggle against America; gradually toward the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, normalizing their relations with the United States and working with the institutions. And international regimes have stepped up. This shift in foreign policy has dramatically restored Vietnam's relations with the international community, and in particular with the United States. The main question in this article is why Vietnam changed its policies towards the United States. To answer this question, the authors have validated the hypothesis that the revolutionary government of Vietnam, affected by the perceptions of the leaders of the first generation of the revolution, faced widespread economic, political, and international crises, which paved the way for the new leaders to come to terms with the world. And different perceptions, one of the major consequences of which was the change in foreign policy and the normalization of US policy.

Dynamics and unpredictability are undeniable features of international politics, and this is clearly visible in the foreign policy of governments. In the same vein, Japan's foreign policy may seem like an example of a dynamic and changing foreign policy. Japan's defeat during the Second World War led to enormous changes in the country's foreign policy and its security status completely changed. In the meantime, and especially after the Cold War, one can see that the foreign policy of Japan has encountered many ups and downs and has sometimes shown contradictory behaviors; behaviors that, in Peter J. Katzenstein's interpretation is similar to " schizophrenia in foreign policy". Such Japan's contradictory behavior has made Japan's foreign policy a riddle and difficult to understand. This paper first attempts to investigate the long-term changes in Japan's foreign policy from the post-World War II to 2018. It then tries to find the answer to the question of what processes Japan's security identity has been going through? In response to this question, Japan's foreign policy eras are divided into three periods which include 1945-1990, 1990-2001, and 2001-2018, and it is argued that Japan has changed from a passive peaceful state to an active pacifist state. The research methodology followed is descriptive-analytic and is carried out through secondary research method

The Islamic Revolution of Iran can be introduced as the turning point in application of soft power on domestic and international policy, the outstanding characteristics of which can be using violence-free soft power in the course of political and social developments. After the victory of Islamic Revolution in Iran, the software power approach turned into one of the power application alternatives in international level, so that violating the indicators and sources of soft power by a political player became a defect in his career. Today, all countries seek access to soft power capabilities and resources. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran needs soft power if it wants to turn into a regional power. This is why identifying the indices and sources of soft power is very important for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Given the above, this research paper intends to provide a response to this question that “what indexes exert maximum influence on I. R. of Iran’s soft power in the world of Islam?” Findings of this paper show that such indicators as inspiration, normalization and deepening of strategic depth, identity recognition by Muslims, cultural diplomacy, world public opinion management, scientific supremacy and knowledge acquisition, gaining capability in art and culture are more influential and efficient in boosting Iran’s soft power in the world of Islam.

One of the most themes of political Islam is influence on the political culture, political structure and international politics. This suggests that a new form of social norms has emerged and affected topics including international politics. Until 1970s evidence was not observable.Islamic Revolution in Iran is a starting point in the development of political Islam in order to influence the processes of international relations. Although political Islam has had cultural, normative andperspective indications in the 1970s, but it has had their impact on the process of the interaction among states and other actors in international politics. Iraqi war against Iran can be known as the starting point for the effectiveness of other Islamic norms in international relations. If war and peace is the most issues in international relations, Shiite political norms have influenced its impacts on the quality of actors’ interaction in such processes in the period of Holly Defense.Shiite political and normative signs have had extensive normative and political consequences in realms of international relations and regional environment of Middle East after the Islamic revolution.What was mentioned as Shiite Crescent in 2006 is extensive reflection of the Shiite political norms including resistance in international relations. Such process and signs also can be considered in the Middle East’s Islamic awakening in 2012.