method

In today's age, the right to compensation is considered one of the general principles of law, according to which, every person who suffers a loss, has the right to compensation for the damage caused to him, as well as a person who is responsible for the damage caused to another person. Be, has the legal and social obligation to compensate for the damage caused. Undoubtedly, compensation for losses from an economic point of view should be done in the easiest possible way with the highest social and economic efficiency. The approach of playing the role of the cause of loss in compensating for damages with the satisfaction of the injured party based on good faith in objective compensation for damages that objective compensation is possible; After issuing the verdict and during the proceedings or even without filing a lawsuit, a good quality method of compensation is that In this research, its economic foundations with the analytical-descriptive method, with the realization of full compensation for damage and the realization of the goal of prevention and cost reduction (by increasing benefit), will promise the economic efficiency of this approach in the compensation system.

One of the significant and influential discussions in the field of human education is the application of proper pedagogical methods. Among these, the evangelical method (Tabshir) is noteworthy. The evangelical method has been utilized in the educational practices of Imam Reza (Peace Be Upon Him), who, as a divinely guided and complete mentor, adhered to all the necessary conditions and etiquettes of this approach. Imam Reza employed this effective pedagogical method in various aspects of life, especially in economic matters. Given the contemporary challenges of economic crises and the importance of leveraging the rich teachings of Imam Reza's tradition as a viable solution, this study examines the subject under the title "An Analytical Study of Imam Reza's (Peace Be Upon Him) Evangelical Method in Economic Matters." Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research explores how Imam Reza (Peace Be Upon Him), as a model of guidance and a distinguished educational exemplar, employed the evangelical method in economic practices. The study ultimately concludes that Imam Reza used the evangelical approach in economic domains such as almsgiving, khums, zakat, frugality, benevolent loans, and earning sustenance. Through this method and by providing essential glad tidings to the audience, he strived to enhance economic conditions.

“Deliberation” in Mehdi Bazargan’s thought, in changeable issues, is based on contemporary reason. But on the one hand, both deliberation and contemporary human reason cannot ignore the general approaches of »religion«, and on the other hand, distinguishing the religious general approaches without using »reason« cannot become possible. While »reason« is the reference for picking methods, it is the basis for understanding religion. Accordingly, reason and religion are not separate from each other. In fact, »deliberation« in Bzargan’s thought is a clear example of the accompaniment of reason and religion. To demonstrate this proposition, the bases for »deliberation« in Bazargan’s thought will be considered in three parts: the principle of deliberation in government; the principle of revelatory prophecy; secularization of government or separation of religion and government, not separation of religion and politics; and the differentiation between values and methods. Based on these three principles, we can speak of the originality of both »religion« and »reason« in Bazargan’s thought.Bazargan's experience after the 1957 Revolution, which faced him with the real problem of governing, became a means of gradual changes in his thoughts than his combative approach in the 1340s and 1350s. These gradual changes limit Islam's position from the pervasive ideology with a lot of commands for all social and political programs to merely directing ideology in a set of principles and generalities. Therefore, the scope of deliberation, which was limited to executive affairs in his thoughts before the revolution, extends to the legislative domain, which this article attempts to discuss in detail.

One of the rudimentary elements of the educational system is the use of appropriate educational methods to achieve the desired education. Among the training methods, the role model method is based on the selection of an excellent role model, which makes the role model, his manner and character, the criterion and standard of his behavior. This writing was done using the analytical descriptive method, and its purpose is to investigate the positive functions and possible harms of using the model-based method from a religious perspective, by using the verses of the Qur'an and the traditions of the Prophet of God and the Ahl al-Bayt. The functions of the model-based method are both cognitive and emotional, and the harms surrounding it are about the important elements including the model, selection and the method involving the method of selecting the role model.Among the most important positive functions of this method are the recognition of weaknesses and defects, the criterion for measuring the growth of the traits and strengthening the tendency towards virtues and perfections. The most important harms of this method include undeveloped patterns, lack of access to patterns, carelessness in selection of the model, lack of motivation, ambiguity in messages, and the influence of prejudice and ignorance in the adopting the model process. Finally, by comparing the positive functions and the possible harms of the model-based method of education and relying on religious documents, it was concluded that this method, despite the possible harms, has a high capacity to be used in the field of education. Because it is a practical tool at the disposal of the trainer, which is a serious facilitator of teaching and transfer of teachings, and by strengthening the awareness and motivation of the audience, it helps him face unrealistic patterns, so it can be the source of educational developments.

The interpretation of "private plaintiff's consent" and "ways to obtain it" suffers from a kind of challenging ambiguity and conciseness. Therefore, research is needed in it. One possibility is its "subjectivity." This means that acquittal of the offender is possible only with the consent of the victim. Another idea and possibility is its "method"; That is, the output of satisfaction is not necessary, which is obtained in the form of words, but if the compensation is realized, satisfaction is achieved. The result of the approach of dividing the consent into real and legal is that in the title of private plaintiff, the aspect of privacy is superior to the complaint and, consequently, it is concluded that in addition to the direct method of satisfying the private plaintiff with apparent consent or expression, In case of resignation or compensation of damages to the private plaintiff by any person, whether the offender or a third party, the consent of the private plaintiff is obtained in a "judicial" manner. That is, obtaining the consent of the private plaintiff in a real and logical manner is not the exclusive way to obtain the consent of the private plaintiff

Islamic education has different areas and religious education is one of the most important of these areas. Worship training is: teaching worship and its quality and trying to create a spirit of worship and prayer in the teacher so that he commits to perform rituals and duties. Compassion and tolerance is one of the most important educational issues. This article seeks to answer the question of whether parents should observe kindness and tolerance in the upbringing of their children or not. Is the ruling of kindness and tolerance in the view of the holy Shari'a of Islam in religious education obligatory or preferable? This research in the form of descriptive, analytical and ijtihad methods with the focus on narrative sources proves that parents should observe kindness and tolerance in the religious education of their children. Compassion and tolerance in education do not in themselves contradict the degree of determination in some stages of education, but the first principle is that despite standing and adhering to the rules, there should be softness and flexibility.

Based on the popular definition, jurisprudence is charge of explaining the rulings and their inference through valid reasons, but the practical experience of Islamic communities has proven that simply stating rulings and how to execute them by a non-jurist can put religious rulings in deadlock and closure or execute rulings in an opposite path of the rulings objectives and then lead to Islam weakening and its content distortion. This research seeks to prove the necessity of developing the subject of jurisprudence by using the methods of rulings, and to examine the implications of the sufficiency of expressing the rulings and entrusting the enforcement ways to non-jurists. The current study suggests that examining the ways of rulings enforcement, and criticizing and comparing them with the religious rules as well as the purpose of the Sharia are all in the account of jurisprudential issues, or as a new branch of jurisprudence. In addition to these, the study deals with the important role it plays. This study, in addition to examination of the necessity of jurisprudence entering the methodology of rulings enforcement, finds the reasons that why jurists don't enter this field and brings up the negative consequences of this field and finally, in order to prove that jurisprudence tools are capable of evaluating the methods of rulings, using the jurisprudential principles, it deduces the following criteria for evaluating the methods of executing rulings and proposes them to the scientific community. 1. Feasibility 2. Agreeing with religious principles and jurisprudential rules 3. Adherence to the objectives of rulings.

In modern law, some jurist believe in the unity of law and legal rule, while others believe that law is one of the means of expressing the rule. According to the second approach, which is also accepted by Professor Jafari Langroudi, for the interpretation of law, referred to the sources of law in custom, legal instincts, a human conscience, doctrine, etc. In modern law, some consider innate rationality to be the main source of law and others consider spontaneous rationality. Professor Jafari Langroudi considered law as the intersection of custom and doctrine and believed is necessary to refer to legal instincts, custom, and Islamic sources in the framework of rational reasoning with regard to the understanding of the companions, etc. to interpret it; in this way, accurate, efficient, and valid notions and affirmations of the law can be deduced. It is a kind of theoretical research on interpretive logic in modern law and the works of Professor Jafari Langroudi, which consists of three parts: concepts, assents, reasoning. In explaining interpretive logic, in addition to originality and method, Prof. Jafari's works have indigenous and sound principles that have no precedent in the works of other jurists that will be examined These principles and methods compared with similar works in this research.

Human beings’ communication with each other and with the peripheral environment has been continuously changed. Hence, transformation is an indispensable feature of human life. These developments lead to the creation and elimination of various social phenomena and their relationships as the subject of science of law. By understanding this, legal scholars are committed to formulate ideas and theories that best fit these phenomena and by designing and resorting to the best techniques, in the best way, to describe and guide the order among them or, in the absence of such an order, to help regulate the relationships of these phenomena and at the same time direct them to the desired horizons ahead.
The theoretical issues of international law as the battlefield for encountering of different views, require more intelligence and coherency. Tools, methods and techniques of these characteristics should be followed in the content and method of studying international law. Accordingly, in this paper, the four concepts of theory, meta-theory, method and methodology with the aim of taking a small step towards the consciousness of scholarship in the field of research in international law will be studied, and thus the importance of theoretical and methods of legal theorization in the field of international law, with emphasis on the usefulness and necessity of studying multi-methods in the field, are redefined with the help of technique of legal meta-theory.

Legal methodology is formal and has nothing to do with the substance. Legal methodology devotes as much to the practical methods implemented in the legislative assemblies as to those specific to administrative authorities. It devotes itself to all that is useful to the solution of legal problems. So, it pays no attention to problems and solutions; but focuses on ways to identify problems and to find solutions. Never more than this time of complex, ephemeral and often contradictory overregulation, of technical and social upheavals arising out of interpretation of various legal systems, national and international, the identification and the application of the methods of law appear to be so essential. They are indispensable to the determination and resolution of disputes, to the arguments of the parties to the trial, to the negotiation and the conclusion of contracts by the practitioners. Even more, in international law there has been some legislative inflation: more and more social areas are governed by the law, more and more rules are issued, judgments, commentaries and scientific studies are multiplying.
Ihering, Portalis, Geny, Demogue were the great precursors of legal methodology recent works by Castberg, Bergel, Maarten, Bos, Corten, testify to the development of this particular discipline. In our country, Iran, this branch of legal research is not sufficiently studied. It seems to us that the work of Prof. Hedayatollah Falsafi, written in seven chapters has to some extent filled this gap.
In this article we will try to briefly analyze this work.

One of the most important issues in the family and community is bringing up a child, and what matters to parents is training righteous children for themselves, the family and the community. Bringing up a righteous and unrighteous child will have consequences that may result in the growth and development or ruining of the family or community. Therefore, the issue of child upbringing and its methods is an essential topic and considering that the Quran is the book of guidance for mankind, it is the best source for studying the methods of child upbringing that we will discuss in this paper those three methods, namely, explicit, implicit and corrective

The equidistance method has an essential place in the current law of maritime delimitation. According to the Law of the Sea Convention, the equidistant line must be drawn and calculated from the territorial sea baselines of the opposite or adjacent states. What is unclear is whether the equidistant line can be based on straight baseline. This question was one of the issues that divided Iran and Kuwait during their negotiations on maritime delimitation between the two states since Iran believed that its system of straight baselines must effect the maritime boundary. The findings of this paper suggest that international judicial and arbitral bodies have always refused to give effect to straight baselines when it comes to maritime delimitation. This approach is generally confirmed by the treaty practice of coastal states. Therefore, the usefulness of Iran’s position with regard to this subject, whether in future negotiations or in case of submission of the matter to third party settlement, is doubtful.

Economic Analysis of Law though seemingly clear، is a vague phrase. There are a lot of misunderstandings about its true nature. In many cases it seems that there are confusions between Economic Analysis as a method on one hand and Economic Analysis as a discipline on the other hand. Economic Analysis of law analyzes legal matters by methods and techniques originally used by economists to analyze market issues and as such، it does not explain the economic impacts of law or legal aspects of economics. To find out what the very nature of economic analysis of law is، we must focus on the meanings of “Analysis” and “Economic”: Economic analysis means to translate law in economic language and then to analyze it، as we analyze market research.