boolean logic

Urmia city is a region with high potential for the development of industrial centers. However, in the last few decades, the indiscriminate development of industries in this area has led to environmental and socio-economic problems. This study aimed to identify areas prone to the construction of an industrial town in this city and evaluate the existing areas. In order to collect the required data of this descriptive-analytical study, library studies were used. Moreover, in order to achieve the goals of the research, the combined Boolean and fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation method were used. At first, relying on seven criteria of distance from the city, slope, height, fault, waterway, communication lines and land use, maps of restrictions and factors were drawn. In the second step, the fuzzy primary suitability map and the Boolean primary suitability map were prepared and finally, based on the correlation coefficients and standard deviation of the operators, gamma 0.5 was chosen as the most appropriate gamma to overlap the two mentioned maps. The results showed that about 94% of the area of ​​the region is completely unsuitable for the establishment of industries and only about 6% of the area are approximately suitable to completely suitable. Regarding the evaluation of the establishment of the existing industrial areas, it was found that the industrial town of Phase 1 and 2, Karimabad industrial area and the electronics and food industry town are located in the inappropriate area of ​​establishment. Moreover, ​​8 square kilometers of the Phase 3 of the industrial town is located in the suitable area for settlement and 1 square kilometer is located in the unsuitable area for settlement.

 Changing the cultivation pattern of water-bearing crops to medicinal plants is emphasized by agricultural and rural experts due to the preservation of essential environmental resources and high added value. The present study deals with the feasibility of introducing four medicinal plants, pumpkin, black seed, asparagus, and cumin, in the cultivation pattern of farmers in Chenaran county.

 The descriptive research method is analytical, and the type of research is applied. In this study, 245 rural farmers in 16 villages were studied. 

 The farmers' acceptance of introducing medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern is low, so only 11% of the farmers had a great desire to cultivate the four proposed plants. Also, 98 percent of the farmers needed more technical knowledge in planting, growing, harvesting, processing, maintaining, and selling the proposed medicinal plants. The most important reason for farmers' failure to introduce medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern has been the government's lack of support for producing medicinal plants, drought, and problems related to the labor force. Agricultural land potential assessment showed that of the total area of 327,000 hectares in Chenaran county, 32% is suitable for cultivating asparagus, 11% for cultivating pumpkin, and 32% for cultivating cumin and black seeds.

 Since medicinal plant producers must be sure of guaranteed markets, it is necessary to increase the farmer's share in the potentially profitable value chain of the market by adopting appropriate strategies.

Innovation: 

One of the most important innovative and practical aspects of the research is to identify the degree of acceptance of farmers towards the cultivation of the proposed medicinal plants and the level of their technical knowledge in this field.

Land use subject and optimization patterns are one of the basic urban issues that human beings are always offering models and solutions to maximize the use of land and its capabilities in a variety of applications. On the other hand, optimizing medical land use will facilitate individuals' access to services and it Cause spatial justice all around the city. The main purpose of this research is the location optimizing of medical land use and, in particular way hospitals in urban areas.In addition, this goal in terms of locating criteria is responsive to the needs of citizens and being in a good position.The case study for this research was the 17th district of Tehran. District 17 has a small size, high population density, and small grain, which means this district is facing many problems with providing service levels. Also, the lack of public services has become one of the main factors in reducing the population in this district. Moreover, medical land use as one of the most basic service levels in the region has 0.16 m per capita, which is lower than the standard per capita and the per capita of Tehran city. The data of this study were collected on a map of the city and analyzed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the application of the Boolean logic method, by integrating the information layers on the final map. Then the appropriate hospital deployment areas are determined. Ultimately, by genetic algorithm (GA), the optimal and best answer for solving this problem has been derived by defining multiple functions and using MATLAB software. The results of an analysis of the current situation of medical land use in the 17th district of Tehran indicate that the current spatial distribution of medical land use is showing a lack of proper access for citizens. This area has a severe shortage of medical land use that causes the optimal location of the medical land use and specifically the hospital to be on the main agenda of this research. In conclusion, the results of the research show that the proposed method, while considering populations, neighborhoods, land characteristics, and access, finds the best place for therapeutic use. Therefore, it can be effectively used to locate optimal therapeutic use.

Sports that depend on the geographical resources and attractions are considered the most important in sport tourism. One of the tourism events in the recent years is skiing which has the highest income in tourism industry and has therefore caused even many small communities to take action to invest in this sector as an attractive tourism destination. This study assessed the possibility of establishing recreation-sport ski site in Isfahan province using a combination of Boolean Logic and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Boolean logic was used for examining the sub-criteria of the climate and geology and also for investigating the main criteria interactions such as geology, climate and accessibility. The results of the study showed that the greatest area and the density of the appropriate zone is located in the western part of the province. In these zones, especially in the cities and regions of Semirom, Frieden and Fereidunshahr, the land form is appropriate; the possibility of rain and snow durability is more than that in other regions of the province. Therefore, the western region has the potential to be as a skiing resort considering every aspects.

Each flying site can be utilized according to geographical, climatic, and topographical factors of the area in which it is located. The aim of this study is to determine the standards of recreational flying sites, investigate the factors that affect and are affected by recreational flights, and determine suitable areas for establishing recreational flying sites in Isfahan Province, Iran. Tools and techniques used in this study for locating recreational flying sites in Isfahan Province are Dematel, Boolean logic, and GIS software. The results show that the most important factors are direction of land slope, land slope, and topography, respectively. These physical factors are followed by the prevailing wind speed and wind direction. The prevailing wind speed, the prevailing wind direction, direction of land slope, topography, land slope, and airspace are all among the factors that affect locating recreational flying sites. The map of suitable areas for recreational flying sites in Isfahan Province shows that areas in western Isfahan host a more suitable variation of flying sites.

Water resources management in arid and semi-arid areas is very important to provide of water for stakeholders. In recent decades, construction of underground dams have been considered, because of its advantages. These dams have many advantages, e.g., unlike a surface dam, land is not submerged to store water and there is no danger of breaching due to natural or manmade disasters. The surface area can be used in the same way both before and after construction of the underground dam. A subsurface dam is a facility that stores groundwater in the pores of strata and uses groundwater in a sustainable way. Underground dams are used for various purposes such as preventing of combining salt water and fresh water, reserve water for management using and creating an obstacle against of influencing waters to structures. The water gathered in subsurface dams is good quality for drinking, as it has been filtered by the sand and is stored underground away from contamination. The aim of this research has been to identify areas suitable for underground dam construction, so that in these areas there is no limit to the underground dam and then appropriate priorities in these areas.

Doostbeigloo watershed with an area of 7461 square kilometers is located in the Ardebil province (North Western Iran). In this research, we consider several criteria for suitable site selection of underground dams in watershed, including: topography, hydrography, hydrogeology, geology and land use. These factors were used to initial mapping suitable regions for underground dam construction. Firstly, for this purpose were used Boolean logic and fuzzy logic models. Then, using the analytical hierarchy process to priorities suitable axes in appropriate areas for underground dam construction.
Boolean logic: Boolean (logic) algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively, 1 for suitable areas and 0 for unsuitable areas. The maps of different factors that involved in locating underground dam, in the GIS environment were combined using Boolean logic. Therefore, the map of suitable areas for underground dam construction was created.
Fuzzy logic: In a Fuzzy logic the weighted of layers is between zero to one, which gives more data than Boolean method. This method defined as Fuzzy AHP in many studies. In this research with regarding donned studies was used of 0.9 fuzzy gamma operator in order to locating suitable areas for underground dam construction.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, it provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements. In this step after determining the suitable areas for underground dam construction, AHP method was used for prioritization of appropriate axes. The AHP method is based on analysis, binary compression, summarizing, prioritizing and selection among alternatives. After determining the subject, it’s divided to many criteria, and many various sub criteria. In this method assessment the selecting criteria, performed with consistency index (C.I). Based on previous studies the (C.I) must be less than 0.1value.

The extracted results showed that, areas in the southeast and northwest are unrestricted for underground dam construction. Locating underground dam with using Boolean logic and Fuzzy logic showed that suitable area in 3 stream rank are more than other stream ranks that is accordance with previous studies. The compatibility rate value for AHP method was obtained 0.03 that this rate in AHP method is acceptable value. The results from prioritizing of selected dams in this area showed that water criteria is the most important factor to prioritize the proposed axis. The water quantity and quality criteria with 0.11 and 0.104 weights, respectively have highest important than other criteria. The 9 number axis located in Meshgin shahr plain and 30, 33 and 34 number axis in Ardabil plain have prioritize than other axis.

Construction of underground dam and using of surface runoff is an appropriate way to secure and expand water supplies. The Boolean logic and Fuzzy logic showed suitable areas for construction of underground dams with acceptable accuracy and between these methods the Fuzzy logic model showed higher performance than Boolean logic method. With using of AHP method, determined the axis that have more prioritize for performing underground dam than other axis. Can be said that using GIS and satellite images to locate underground dams have a significant impact, because the maps are produced in this process can be used at a later stage and as an executive guide map for underground dam construction to be considered. Thus, with utilization of this methods we can showing suitable areas and axis for underground dam construction in the Doostbeigloo Watershed.

The existence of arid and semi-arid areas in a dominant part of Iran and continual occurrence of drouth in recent decades cause several limitations against economic development planning due to water resources shortage. Therefore, adoption of a water harvesting strategy and its conformity with indigenous conditions of the country is of critical importance. Since air humidity in southern Iran exceeds%85 in many days of the year, there is good possibility for water harvesting through installation of water collector systems. Exact site selection based on effective factors on the procedure can prevent wastage of time, human, and financial resources. For this aim, at present study, meteorology data layers was provided first, and weighted in GIS environment by Boolean method. Then the maps were compiled to obtain suitable locations for water harvesting. Finally, the created layers were incorporated to identify suitable region for determined months.

Among the many factors influencing the wheat production, environmental conditions and climate are the most important variables that need to be scrutinized. According to the talents and capacities of wheat production in the city of Shush, according to the 12 year comprehensive review of climatic and environmental factors were identified. Then based on Boolean logic in GIS environment between any of the environmental and climatic parameters were studied in wheat. Finally, wheat prone areas were identified in the city of Shush.The results indicate that the city of Wheat cultivation, favorable conditions and has the talent is, But culture is made of wheat and wheat growing areas of the north and northeast of the city, the best place for you is.

Shahr-e-Babak town lacks sanitary landfill for waste disposal. This paper, therefore, deals with siting a proper landfill using GIS software and Fuzzy and Boolean Logic. Hence, several relevant layers including distance to the town, distance to the ways, land-use, hydrography, soils, lithology, faults, as well as groundwater direction, aesthetic aspects and wind direction were prepared. Afterwards, using Boolean and Fuzzy logics, these layers were mixed and several proper sites were selected. From these, site No1, located at 5 Km southeast of the town was ranked first. This site, compared to others, is closer to the road, which makes the transportation of waste more feasible. At the same time it is not too far from the city. Its distance to the town and to a road is suitable and lies down side to the winds as well as to the groundwater flow.

With increasing growth of urban population and urban development, the necessity of building new public service centers and determining an optimal place for them have become obvious. Due to dramatic increase in population, chaotic development of the city, and increase in the number of vehicles manufactured in the metropolis, Tehran faces a shortage of appropriate places for parking vehicles in crowded areas. Optimal locating of public parking lots is an approach and solution for traffic dilemma. Geographic information systems and Boolean logic are appropriate systems for finding the most optimal place for building Multi-story parking lots. This article investigates and evaluates multi-story parking lots in Tehran 15th district, considering parameters like attractive centers for travelers, access networks and urban passages, quality-structure, traffic junctions, different useful land uses, etc. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the above mentioned parameters, and Boolean logic was used to overlap produced layers. After applying final weights retrieved from AHP model and overlapping produced layers, optimal sites for locating Multi-story parking lots were determined. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the results and requirements of time and space.

The nature has always shown its destructive face with the phenomena such as floods، volcanoes، earthquakes and…These risks have been always considered as a threat to human activities. Davarzan basin as a case study has been studied from this approach. This basin is located in west of Sabzevar Plain. The area of this basin is equal to 498. 69 kilometers. The issue under study is that every year a large portion of the river water is wasted and damages to agricultural activities. The research aim is to determine the flooding zones by zoning maps. Lack of hydrometric station، hydrological data and statistics and impassable of the areas at upstream of the basin for field works and the necessity for long term measurements have been the main problems of this research. In this study، GIS software and conceptual models have been used as the main tools. In determining the flooding zones، several factors are involved and each with different degrees of importance impact on zoning، thus، the natural condition like slope، lithology، morphometry، soil type، CN and vegetation condition are the main data of research. However، fuzzy algebraic sum operator as recognized 91. 03% of the basin with very high flooding and 0. 13 percent with flooding and therefore davarzan basin has low flooding sensitivity. Thus the fuzzy gamma operator among all operators in the models studied in GIS، has the high accuracy in flood zoning of basins in davarzan basin. This model also has determined 18. 82 percent of the basin located in high zone of flooding and 24. 62 percent of basin is placed in very high flooding. Units that are consistent with low flooding shall have the lowest weight. So that 19. 32 percent has been identified as low flood and 37. 24 percent as moderate flood. Finallt، the final result has been presented in the form of zoning maps.