interpretive-structural modelling

The purpose of this research is to create a deep understanding of the way tasks are performed in organizational structures (except for the existing formal structure).

By using interpretive-structural modeling and using the opinions of 6 senior employees of Northern Khorasan Industrial Estates Company, the 12 active components in the activity structure of this company were deeply analyzed and hidden relationships between these components (as research variables) were identified.

Based on this, it was found that the set of activities in this organization can be categorized into 4 levels according to its distance from the main mission of the organization. These levels revealed the differentiation of "dominant" interactions and effects between different organizational departments regardless of the levels defined in the formal structure of the organization. At the lowest level of the model, "Human Resources Development" and "Security" are the most effective departments of the organization. Also, in this analysis, it was found that "public relations" and "financing and market development" are considered the most effective parts of the organization. 

The researchers' investigations showed that the use of this research method to analyze the organizational structure and hierarchy has never been done before. 

The structural scheme of an organization, regardless of what is defined as the official structure of the organization, can be influenced by various factors, including the organization's environment. With the help of this method, it is possible to achieve this true schema of the structure of an organization through deep analysis.

Due to increasing competition, it is necessary to focus on new technology in supply chain. Internet of things is one of the most innovative tools. Creation of appropriate factors in order to operationalization internet of things will lead to development of supply chain performance. Recognition of determining factors in order to use internet of things and awareness of effective result are essential. The purpose of this research is analysis of antecedents and outcomes of Internet of things in supply chain. This paper is based on mixed research including qualitative and quantitative parts. The statistical population of this paper in qualitative part is internal and external papers and that of quantitative part is university professors and industrial experts. This research based on judgmental sampling method as well as contains 22 articles in qualitative part and 10 persons in quantitative part. Library method is used to collect data in the qualitative part while researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect data in the quantitative part. Content analysis is allocated to qualitative part and interpretive structural modeling is assigned to quantitative part. Finally, the results of content analysis are presented in eight antecedents including cultural capital, financial capital, human capital, mental capital, communication capital, information technology infrastructure, legal facilities and environmental capabilities. Additionally, the seven main outcomes including economic performance, social performance, environmental performance, commercial performance, production and operational performance, office system performance and performance development. The most determining variables in antecedent section is information technology infrastructure and in outcome section is economic performance.

developing a suitable message content strategy is necessary for advertising campaign successful, so much so that some researchers have mentioned it as one of the most important decisions for advertising campaign designers. A review of previous studies reveals that the choice of the appropriate message content strategy depends on various variables. In this regard, previous researchers have mentioned some factors, but so far, no integrated study has been conducted on the factors affecting the choice of message content strategy and the relationship between them. According to this, the current research aims to identify effective factors of advertising message content strategy selection and the relationship between them. Sequential Mixed Method (qualitative- quantitative) used for achieving the purpose of study. In the qualitative part of the research, the data obtained from the meta-analysis of literature of the period 1950 up to 2022 and interviews conducted with advertising campaign experts were thematically analyzed. The results of this stage of the research identified 15 factors, which were obtained from 29 themes. Then, in the quantitative part of the research, in order to investigate the relationship between the factors, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis was used. The results of Interpretive Structural Modelling leveled the factors in five levels, and the results of MICMAC analysis also categorized the factors into three categories of independent variables, Linkage variables and dependent variables. The results of this study will help the practitioner in how to determine the message content strategy.

 The judicial institution has an extensive and effective role in the implementation of related public policies, The extent of the tasks outlined is indicative of this which is involved in the implementation of a wide range of policies in Different fields. Therefore, the implementation of judicial policies involves the rest of the society in addition to the studied organization. Due to the importance of the implementation of judicial policies, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the key factors of the implementation of judicial policies.

Design/Methodology/Approach: 

This research was done in a mixed method. In the qualitative part, the participants were 26 experts who have scientific knowledge and experience in the field of judicial policy implementation and were selected by purposeful sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. At this step, the method of analyzing the interviews was thematic analysis. Then the fuzzy Delphi approach was used to screen the concepts. In the quantitative step of the statistical population of the research, there were 17000 judges, experts, operational managers and office managers working in the courts. Using Cochran's formula and classified random sampling method, 375 people were selected as a sample. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity and its reliability was confirmed through cronbach's alpha (0.873). Data were analyzed with the help of Smart PLS3 software through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Using the interpretive structural modeling method, after determining the levels of each factor and considering the final accessibility matrix, the final model was presented in four levels.

 From the analysis of the results, 122 indicators, 36 components and 8 dimensions of implementation policies, participation of implementation actors, human-ethical relations with clients, citizens, personal characteristics of judges, network governance in the justice system, implementation structure and human power empowerment were calculated. According to the results of the interpretive structural model, the two dimensions of implementation policies and participation of implementation actors were the first priority of experts and as the most effective level of the model. This means that focusing on these two dimensions deserves special attention.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Using of interviews to extract concepts in the qualitative part, questionnaires to measure the concepts extracted in the quantitative part, and the impossibility of generalizing the research results to all societies are among the limitations of this research.

Practical Consequences:

 Introducing the dimensions of the judicial policy implementation model, creating new literature regarding the implementation of judicial policies.

Innovation or value of the Article:

 The main initiative is to propose the practical implementation of the elements of the presented model.

Strengthening and utilizing the intellectual capital that is the product of thinking can change the mental image of customers about the characteristics of human resources, infrastructure and facilities and communication networks of the holdings in the market and create an excellent competitive position for them. Accordingly, this study examines how to improve the brand mental image of the holdings through the development of intellectual capital. The present study has an applied orientation with explanatory purpose and Interpretive Structural Modelling technique has been used to analyze the collected data through interviews with 14 senior managers of one of the largest holdings in the country. These individuals were selected in a targeted and non-random manner. The number of samples was determined based on theoretical saturation and snowball method. The findings showe that strengthening the intellectual capital of the holding affects the customers mental image of the holding brand, and the mental image of the dimensions of the holdings' intellectual capital in order of importance include the mental image of human capital, relational capital and structural capital.

Administrative factors and especially those which are relevant to human resource management are considered as threatening factors of administrative integrity in Iran and employees' compensation system is one of them; so if there is no ideal employees' compensation system, they would probably commit corruption in order to reach their self-interests or confront economical problems. Accordingly, we are going to present a model of employees’ compensation system toward administrative integrity.

This research is based on Interpretive Paradigm and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The research is an applied one and the way of extracting data is an interview. The statistical population of the research is experts of the administrative and recruitment organization and the method of sampling is Purposive sampling method.

compensation system of employees results in administrative integrity on condition that concludes seven components which are "internal controls", "justice procedures", "performance-based compensation", "legal procedures", "transparent procedures", "documentary procedures", and and "motivational compensation". Results show that four components of the model are embedded in the linkage cluster, concluding "internal controls", "documentary procedures", "transparent procedures" and "justice procedures". These components are dynamic; hence any change of them would affect all the system. Components which are embedded in Autonomous cluster conclude "legal procedures" and "performance-based compensation" which imply influence and direction power of them in the model. Also, the component "motivational compensation" is embedded independent cluster which means high dependency of this component in contrast with the other components of the model.

The compensation system of employees toward administrative integrity should have transparent and documentary procedures and also give priority to justice. Likewise, the effectiveness of the compensation system of employees to develop administrative integrity depends on the existence of legal procedures and regulations, settlement of internal controls, motivational compensation and performance-based compensation.

Literature has been provided on the factors influencing the foreign Food products purchase intention , and each of the scholars in this field has referred to one or more of its dimensions, but so far a comprehensive model of the factors influencing the purchase intention and the relationship between are not provided. The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret the structural analysis of factors affecting customer foreign Food products purchase intention. First, through a systematic review of the literature, a comprehensive set of components related to customer purchase intention was extracted. Then, by analyzing the qualitative content of the components, 13 factors were identified and classified into five levels of the interpretive structural model. Level 5, "Corporate Social Responsibility", " customer’s personality characteristic", Level 4, "Product Features", Level 3, " retailer’s commercial image ", Level 2, " customer knowledge and awareness ", "Social Identity" , "Attitude", "country of origin", "subjective norm", first level, "perceived value", "loyalty", and "perceived behavioral control", "perceived risk", were identified. The contribution of research to producers and marketing managers is to become more familiar with the factors influencing purchase intention and to understand customer preferences in purchasing foreign Food products.

According to “Porter value chain” approach to the organization, knowledge management stands as a supporter of value-generating units in the organization. With a "process approach" to the organization, knowledge management tailored to the mission of the organization can be seen as the core process of the organization, leading to organizational productivity enhancement. The main purpose of this research is investigating the role of knowledge management in the productivity dimensions of Gas Company. To accomplish this research, by experts in the Gas Company, six categories of Gas Company productivity factors were identified. Then, using interpretive structural modeling and questionnaire, factors were classified into six groups. In this study, firstly, by reviewing the literature on knowledge management and productivity of the Gas Company, its dimensions and components were identified and in the next stage, these dimensions were analyzed in an integrated way. The result has led to the design of a knowledge management role model for Gas Company productivity. The research questionnaire has been completed by 7 experts from Gas Company. The results show that knowledge management has the most influence on other factors affecting productivity and stand at the first level of the model. Human resources and capital are at the second level and are directly influenced by knowledge management. All factors of production at third level, intermediate consumption factor at fourth level and finally factor of productivity at fifth level are the most effectiveness.

The organization's leadership does not always show a good face; abusive supervision is one of the faces of the dark side of leadership in the organization which the present study has examined its consequences according to the interpretive structural modeling approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 executives of Arsanjan city who were identified and cooperated by using concept and snowball sampling. After studying literature and identifying consequences of toxic organizations, using a fuzzy Delphi technique and a survey of experts (executives) were used to screen the data from the previous step. After confirming the validity of this step, in the next step, in order to discover the interpretive structural model, the questionnaire was designed and made available to the same experts. According to the results of the analysis of recent data, a total of 7 variables in 4 levels were identified as consequences of abusive supervision. The first level consisted of individual-attitudinal and individual-psychological consequences, and the second level included individual-behavioral consequences. The third level included the individual- Psychosomatic consequences and the fourth level included group, internal organizational, and outer-organizational consequences.

The purpose of this study was to model the factors that affect the knowledge networks in knowledge-based companies. Methodologically, the research is of a hybrid-exploratory type. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods and relying on experts' opinions, the factors influencing the formation of knowledge networks and their relationships to knowledge-based companies were identified and ranked. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis method and the structural interpretation model were used in qualitative and quantitative stages respectively. The results of this study showed that the development of management processes has the greatest impact on the formation of knowledge networks, and the most influential factors are at the first level of the model. These factors include the type of knowledge, cultural factors, organizational structures and communication mechanisms. It is suggested that, in the field of research and technology and even in other operational areas, the current dispersal schemes of knowledge management be replaced by inter-organizational knowledge networks and the model developed in this research.

Technological innovation system and the multilevel perspective are the concepts that have been considered as systematic tools for assessing technological development problems and the study of technological changes. Technological innovation system has been criticized by researchers for being intrinsic and insufficient attention to macro factors. The multilevel approach is considered as a complementary concept that is capable of examining macro factors. Hence, in this paper, based on the multilevel approach, the macro factors affecting the technological innovation system and the path of technology development and how they affect them, was investigated. After identifying the major factors influencing the innovation system, the importance of each of them was determined by empirical study of these factors in the technology innovation technology in Iran, using ISM model and MICMAC method. The results show that government policies, oil crises, economic growth and recession are the main factors behind the macroeconomic framework that are important and influential on Iran's photovoltaic technology innovation system.

This paper aims to determine factors influencing on the buffer sizing based on Project Risks, which are usually subjective and qualitative. Because of the subjective feature, they can’t be calculated accurately and they are responsible for the project delays. In addition, because projects may enter a time of shortage, as well as inadequate resources, estimated time duration prolongs which in turn increases the project costs. On the other side, offering a conceptual model, this investigation aims to identify risks relationships and interactions. Fundamental and related risks were defined in the proposed model which is based on a conceptual model. The model also can be used to better buffer sizing and improve time duration and cost estimations. Interpretative Structural Modelling was used to develop the conceptual modeling and 27 experts in Oil and Gas Mega Projects were interviewed to gather the needed data to provide the model. Based on the conceptual model and simultaneous analysis, the problems caused by the complexity and low recognition of the technical issues of the project are the main factor that put managers and contractors in a situation to increase the level of buffers.

The toxicity in organizations has became a pervasive phenomenon in everyday organizational life. Since, investigating and recognizing the nature and identity of toxic organizations have drawn attention of theorists and researchers to itself. In this regard, the purpose of this study is designing the interpretive structural model of toxic organization’s consequences. For this purpose, after studying literature and identifying consequences of toxic organizations, a half-closed questionnaire embodied consequences was developed based on Likert scale and distributed among 26 experts from administrative organizations in Rafsanjan, using concept and snowball sampling. Based on fuzzy analysis, the questionnaires statements were screened. Then, the other identified consequences of toxic organization were screened and after categorizing consequences of toxic organization, the measure for ISM were developed and distributed among mentioned experts. Finally, data were analyzed and interpretative structural model of studied phenomenon were drew. The model possessed 6 variables in 3 levels (the first level: cognitive, psychological-attitudinal, behavioral, and group consequences; the second: inter-organizational consequences; the third: outer-organizational consequences).