جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پیشگیری وضعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Among the preventive measures regarding economic crimes that have been promoted these days is the formation of comprehensive financial information units and the control of citizens' bank accounts. These measures are non-criminal and technical-specialized in nature. Wide access to information and data related to the activities the above preventive measures, undeniably creates the grounds for abuse and degradation of information privacy of citizens. The purpose of this article is to investigate the degradation of information privacy in the state prevention of economic crimes in the light of legal patriarchy. This article is descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also showed that there was no decisive reason to negate the implementation of the theory of legal patriarchy, but if the preventive measures of the mentioned situation are matched with the technical-expert aspects and not the taste, the possibility of the deterioration of the information privacy of the citizens will be significantly reduced. The theory of legal patriarchy gives governments the authority to intervene in their actions and lives for the benefit of the citizens like a caring father if it recognizes the current act or omission in line with their benefit and expediency. If the proposed principles of protection of citizens' privacy in cyberspace, which are established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are implemented in this direction, both good and public interest (economic security) will be achieved, and the information privacy of citizens will not be degraded.

Security is one of the fundamental categories of citizens' lives, which interacts with the occurrence of crime and its prevention. Dependence on absolute security is not compatible with human life and is against the enjoyment and application of some rights, including the right to privacy. Prevention of crime is not only limited and exclusive to the actions after the crime, and during the commission of the crime and before it is also possible, the government in the general sense of the word, i.e. the governing powers of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary, take measures in order to realize the prevention of the crime. give Although privacy is essential in many cultures and societies; But sometimes and in case of conflict, it is possible to violate it. Of course, these violations are relative and may be different in some societies than others. The purpose of this research is to explain the consequences of the security of criminal law, which is in conflict with the violation of privacy, and the main question is what components of security-oriented prevention have the possibility of conflicting with the privacy of citizens. have? This research was done with a descriptive-analytical method and in the form of a library. The result is that the government should exercise its supervisory role in an exceptional manner and not intervene in the areas related to privacy except in the case of expediency and necessity.

In every country, by adopting effective legislative, judicial and cooperative policies, crime can be prevented. Prevention of crime is the focus of a prudent criminal policy. Traffic accidents form a huge part of it, it is reduced. In this research, situational prevention is based on the Cornish and Kalerk model in 5 axes,

This research in terms of purpose; It was practical and conducted with a survey method. The statistical community of accident experts of Khorram Abad city was 184 people, and the sample size was determined using Morgan's table of 118 people, which was sampled by random cluster method. The tool for gathering information was a researcher-made questionnaire, and its validity was obtained through face validity.

The components of the related variable are correlated with the dependent variable in the results of the questionnaire, and it was found that the component of eliminating excuses (eliminating excuses) with a value of 0.983 (highest correlation) and then reducing the benefits of violation with a value of 0.923. In the next rank, Vespas had a decrease in stimulation with a value of 0.825 (lowest correlation).

The results of this research indicate that: among the prevention strategies in reducing accidents, identifying and correcting points with frequent violations, using electronic equipment to record violations, intensifying punishments for traffic violations, using all possible tools to advertise regulations It can be effective in improving traffic reducing accidents.

Tourism industry has led to the economic prosperity in any countries and has a direct relationship to the issue of security. Because if the tourist does not feel secure in the host country, the tourism in dustry will fare a dechning trend. That's why the goverments try to provide security for tourists. Given the laws and regulations, tourism rights have been formulated to protect the tourists. The purpose of present study is to explan the proactive prevention strategies for tourist victimization. Because the proactive prevention strategien provide security of tourist. In present study, the issue of proactive prevention has been considered using descriptive and analytical methods. Findings indicate that preventive measures of social and situational type can be provided by tourists, hoteliers, transportation and police. Prevention from victimization along with social and cultural measures have been used to secur the society and fight against criminal actions. In crimes against tourist, the preventive actions which aims at limiting or ignoring the opportunities and suitable situations for commiting crimes, can reduce the opportunities for crimes. Developed countries have prevented tourists from being victimized with the policy of reducing crime in touristic areas, public and semi public spaces. However in Iran proactive measures such as specialized tourist police, security of public and private spaces hotels and transportation systems are not at the level of developed countries and the country has attempted to respond the needs of tourist victims through reactive prevention strategies. There for, the necessity of using proactive prevention has been obvious.

Designing electricity distribution networks, stealing it, increasing the price of metals, especially copper metal, is one of the common crimes. The purpose of the research is to identify the effective factors in preventing the occurrence of electrical equipment theft crimes. The research is applied in terms of its descriptive and analytical method, and in terms of the nature of the qualitative data and the non-probability sampling method of the snowball type, the statistical population is 22 experts in the field of theft prevention and for the purpose of interview analysis. Open, axial and selective coding and semi-structured interview tool were used in the letter.In situational prevention, increasing effort by 34% is in the first place, increasing the risk of crime by 26% in the second place, and removing excuses for theft by 20% are in the third place. Electrical equipment and strengthening social activists in the prevention of theft of electrical equipment each with 26% in the first place and the concept of needs management with 22% in the second place and in police prevention, increasing the speed of information about the theft of electrical equipment with 28% in the first place, increasing the speed of police presence at the scene of theft Electrical equipment is in second place with 24% and increasing the speed of action and being close to people to discover and identify thieves of electrical equipment is in third place with 20%.

Welfare fraud means deceiving government institutions to obtain more welfare benefits. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively study and explain the mechanism of welfare fraud prevention in cyberspace. According to the nature of the subject, the present research has been conducted in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and through the study of reliable sources, and the obtained information has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical mannerct. This research indicates that non-criminal preventive solutions (social and situational) can be suitable in preventing the crime of welfare fraud in cyberspace. Non-criminal prevention of welfare fraud in cyberspace through social prevention in the form of preventing the growth of welfare fraud documents in cyberspace and community-oriented prevention of welfare fraud in cyberspace in the form of providing family-oriented programs, educational and training measures in cyberspace, increasing media literacy, informing And culture building, control and monitoring, improvement of economic conditions, development of codes of conduct, situational prevention in the form of firewall security measures, filtering measures and monitoring measures will be done.

The dark web is an invisible part of the cyber space like an iceberg floating in the ocean, only the tip of which is visible and main and threatening part of the same invisible to the authorities. The first challenge of the dark web is the impossibility of identifying it in order to apply preventive measures as such that the issue of prevention, cyber threat, is behind the veil of ambiguity. The uncontrollability and lack of environmental boundaries is another challenge for crime prevention in the dark web. Finally, the arrangement of suitable solutions for this environment is proposed as the third aspect of crime prevention challenges. Using library and internet resources, this article tries to deal with the challenges of crime prevention on the dark web from the perspective of the prevention platform, the issue of prevention, and the preventive solutions. The results of the research reveals that the possibility of applying preventive measures in the form of intervening in situations that cause crime in the deep web is ruled out and that the use of defensive strategies to minimize cyber threats and focus on social preventive and early preventive measures instead of situational prevention is what that needs to be considered.

Considering the huge changes that have been happening in the field of technology and the various revolutions that we have witnessed in the field of information and communication technology in the last few years, and considering the positive function of this technology, it is sometimes observed that some profit-seeking and opportunistic people try to abuse the users and to create a series of problems by learning and having the necessary skills. The cyber space provides new and highly advanced opportunities for breaking the law, as well as the potential to commit conventional and classic types of crimes in unconventional and very new ways so that the cyber criminals can do whatever they want and have in their mind in this zero and one galaxy. Considering this issue, the present study aims to explain the status of the situational prevention of cybercrimes in the light of the dominant pathology. Through the descriptive and analytical research methodology the current research has reached this important achievement that preventive measures such as restricting or denying access, regulatory measures, licensing measures, anonymizing tools, and encryption can be helpful in situational prevention of crimes in the cyberspace.

Corruption is an organizational phenomenon that causes a crisis in the development and progress of governments. Economic corruption facilitates the occurrence of other crimes and is exacerbated by sanctions and economic warfare. The Judiciary Transformation Document has 37 Parts (one main introduction, one introduction and four chapters) which was approved by the Head of the Judiciary on 20/12/2020.Strategy is a way of thinking and a way of thinking and its purpose is to organize and formulate, its main elements are goals, methods, tools or resources. Given that one of the missions of the judiciary is to prevent crime and corruption. Are we looking to study the role and impact of the document on the transformation of the judiciary in preventing economic corruption? What are the strategies and strategies to fight economic corruption? Methods The article is descriptive and has been written in the library using articles, dissertations, laws and orders of the Supreme Leader. Judicial transformation document as an upstream judicial document by using legal capacities and paying attention to justice and avoiding discrimination between individuals in dealing with and punishing corrupt people can be very effective in reducing economic corruption. The strategies and conceivable strategies in preventing economic corruption are as follows: A: Transparency in declaring the assets of officials, B: Decisive and convincing treatment of corrupters and economic criminals, C: Using the successful experiences of successful countries D: Using experienced judges, experts E: Decisive and prompt investigation.

Given the globalization of the crime of commodity smuggling, is not conceivable a strategy other than the organized control of this crime in the light of a coordinated and international criminal policy. 'Supervised transportation and delivery' of illicit cargoes is among the strategies outlined in international documents to facilitate the apprehension of all criminal groups involved in the commission of a crime at the transnational level, However, it will not be feasible without states coordination. Given the expansion of globalization of criminality within the framework of globalization of the economy, transnational crimes within the context of organized criminal groups has gradually led to the growing trend and quickly attracted everyone's attention due to their organized nature. Among the examples of transnational organized crimes, it is possible to point out the cleansing of the factors caused by the crime of commodity smuggling, which is one of the instances of the criminal law transformation in interaction with international documents related to a new interpretation of the principle of territorial jurisdiction of criminal law. These transformations represent a change in the perspective on the principle of territorial jurisdiction, influenced by the aforementioned documents, aiming for a more effective fight against the crime of smuggling and It acknowledges that the transportation of such illicit commodity, from the point of origin to the place of distribution and consumption, involves crossing various territories that has led to the establishment of new legal concepts in states known as 'supervised transportation and control,«which have been embraced in their laws and regulations for more effective combat against smuggling.

Stock market crimes have common characteristics with economic crimes, and on the other hand, the reasons for committing them and the motives that lead to the occurrence of these crimes are subject to the system of economic crimes, on the one hand, and crimes specific to trade and business in The stock market, on the other hand, becomes In order to prevent the commission of stock market crimes, such as trades based on secret information, manipulation of prices and other related crimes, it is necessary for the stock exchange organization to take the tools and facilities for committing these crimes from potential criminals (measures of empowerment). On the other hand, increase the costs of committing stock market crimes in such a way that according to the cost-benefit theory, committing a crime seems costly for any accounting crime. Educating the victims and strengthening the purpose of the crime (enhancing measures) are other measures in this field. Statutory or non-criminal prevention in the form of drafting regulations and establishing preventive institutions is one of the most important tasks of the stock exchange organization in preventing stock market crimes. Criminal prevention is carried out in the form of criminal justice response to crime, to create a sense of deterrence in the perpetrators of the duties of the stock exchange organization, which is done in the form of reporting, complaining and announcing the crime and proceeding with the proceedings. In this article, an attempt has been made to address the most important tasks

The management of ways to prevent the destruction of homes is the second approach to reducing unwanted effects and maximizing the establishment of rest house houses. The issue of this research emphasizes the prevention of theft of villa-recreation homes in Urumia, and in this regard, the identification and analysis of the most important preventive measures from the start in the focal purpose.

The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) methodological process. The statistical community at the quantitative stage of a set of experts and specialists in the field of law enforcement, security specialists, local managers and second homeowners in Urmia Is. Using a targeted sampling method, 40 people were used to complete the Delphi panel members. The data of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Delphi and Friedman tests, and Kendal's agreement coefficient.

Based on the findings of the qualitative stage, 13 statements were identified as situational prevention approaches and 7 propositions as situational prevention approaches. The findings of the data show that in the precautionary aspect of targeting police patrols and strengthening them during the night, especially in cold months, when the owners of the villa houses are less present, they have the highest and the observance of security considerations in locating Housewives have the lowest average, and in the area of social prevention, engage the local population in introducing the most suspected and known people to the police, and to educate and promote preventive methods of villagers' theft to the people with the lowest average for the respondents.

The results of the research show that the internal challenges of law enforcement, human factors,

The present study deals with the approach of urban environment design as a solution for crime prevention. The present study is of an applied type and the method used is also descriptive-analytical, using documentary and library sources. Urban design is a social goal through the creation of defensible spaces and seeks to have the physical structure of urban areas in such a way that care and control of the levels of different urban areas and security around houses including streets, alleys, pedestrian surfaces, communication spaces a city with various uses. This preventive approach enables people to make optimal use of the spaces they have and to benefit from a healthy and valuable life. In this preventive procedure, although the lives of citizens are significantly monitored, we also need to use care tools to achieve security and a life free from criminals. Precedence of security over freedom by raising the costs of committing crime and reducing the attractiveness of crime is the connection point of the theory of situational prevention through the design of the urban environment and the security-oriented legal system.

Today, a major part of the armed forces is made up of soldiers and conscripts, who always work together with other armed forces to create order and security. In the meantime, one of the various manifestations of institutional evasion is the crimes of duty employees, which occur due to several factors. Therefore, the current research seeks to explore the service experiences of border guard commanders in the prevention of crimes by duty employees in South Khorasan with an exploratory approach. 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, and it is categorized in qualitative research according to its nature. The participants of the research to analyze the service experiences of border guard commanders in crime prevention were the managers and law enforcement experts related to this issue, which was conducted using a semi-structured interview, from 31 experts and related experts, until the theoretical saturation of the interview. In order to increase internal and external validity, expert participants were used. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the textual data. 

According to the results of the research,; The most important situational prevention of border guard commanders from the crimes of duty employees; including identifying and eliminating cases that facilitate crime; trainings based on diverting criminal thoughts; regulatory solutions; and social prevention, including; improving social interactions; improving the working environment; Elevating the personality of soldiers and criminal prevention of border guard commanders from the crimes of duty employees include: correct, logical and legal treatment of criminal soldiers.

The obtained results indicate that border commanders should take appropriate measures for all three types of prevention with a comprehensive and balanced approach in order to achieve the goals of preventing soldiers' crimes. In addition, the use of social prevention programs can be included in the priority of prevention measures.

Situational prevention seeks to identify the external factors contributing to criminal behavior, separate from the characteristics of the perpetrator. Similarly, environmental prevention focuses on designing suitable living, working, and social environments to deter criminal acts. Violence against women is an area of significant concern that can benefit from these preventive measures. This study aims to investigate the presence of situational and environmental preventive measures addressing violence against women in international instruments, Iranian law, and legal doctrine. By examining and analyzing these measures, the article proposes practical and implementable recommendations derived from the aforementioned instruments and theories. The research methodology employed is a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library research. The findings highlight that Iranian law, reputable international instruments, and legal doctrine exhibit a strong commitment to protecting women's rights, preventing various forms of violence against women, and mandating actions to address such violence. As a result, specialized forums have taken steps to address this global issue through the formulation of regulations and the proposal of practical and implementable measures.

Criminalizing crimes against public ethic and decency in cyberspace, in addition to highlighting the strengths of the case, also puts gaps and weaknesses before the legislature to establish criminal titles, but creating behavioral restrictions through criminalization is contrary to the basic principle. It is freedom and obscenity of actions that should be limited to the most important and vital issues and should not limit the scope of voluntary activities of individuals.This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the commission of crimes against public ethic and decency, especially pornography and prostitution in cyberspace, and examines social prevention methods and the situation for combating cybercrime in this environment. According to the results, among the social prevention methods against cybercrime, situational-oriented social measures with sub-categories of family-oriented prevention and educational-cyber prevention, and among society-based measures, information, participation and consensus, accountability promotion and culture building were mentioned. Also, among the prevention methods in cyberspace, situational prevention measures with a subset of restrictive measures, surveillance measures, licensing and identification and encryption tools were mentioned, which with the help of these measures, it will be possible to deal with cyber behavioral deviations to a large extent.

Crime prevention is the first step towards achieving criminal justice. combat against crime will be possible through both situational and social prevention, and often situational prevention is more successful due to its speed in result. Situational prevention are measures that reduces opportunities and increases the risk of crime by creating a systematic and permanent change in the environment. Today, the most important criminal economic cases in Afghanistan are related to crimes which committed through banks. This has increased the necessity of situational prevention of banking crimes. The present study tries to explain the prevention of banking crimes according to Clark's four techniques, and through this, offers solutions to reduce the opportunities and increase the risks of committing banking crimes. In the first technique (increasing effort to commit a crime), can be achieved by tightening the target of crimes such as transparency and the establishment of national banking systems and control of crime facilitators such as periodic relocation Banking staff and strengthening e-banking prevented banking crimes. In the second technique (increasing the risks of crime), it is possible to prevent banking crimes by creating a comprehensive supervisory system, monitoring and identifying bank employees and appointing a manager to combat banking crimes. In the third technique (reduction of benefits and proceeds from crime), can reduce the attractiveness of crime and deprive of interest, and in the fourth technique (elimination of excuses) through legislation, awareness and facilitate the implementation of laws prevent from banking crimes.

Cybercrimes are crimes that occur in a non-physical environment, that is, in the cyberspace and the Internet, which are criminalized by various laws, considering that with the advancements in the field of cybercrime technology, the traditional methods of responding There is no need to deal with these crimes, so there is a need for new methods to prevent these crimes, according to this issue, the current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the position of the situational prevention of cybercrimes in the pathological bush that governs it. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and library sources were used to collect information. Based on the research results; Situational prevention measures including; Measures restricting or denying access, surveillance measures that identify suspicious cases and records, licensing measures, anonymizing and encryption tools, Internet patrols and cyber space monitoring to identify suspicious cases and prevent possible crimes, public education, identification and control of people Risk-maker, increasing the tangible risks of committing a crime, increasing protections and cares in the cyberspace, etc. play a fundamental role in preventing cybercrimes. Among the challenges, obstacles and problems faced by situational prevention are the multiplicity of criminal content, the transnationality of cybercrimes, the lack of sufficient expertise of judicial and law enforcement authorities, the temporary nature of situational prevention, the conservative approach to crime, its opportunism, and the lack of inclusion of all targets. He pointed out the transfer of crime, the lack of transparency of some legal terms.

The phenomenon of theft as a criminal act is one of the major problems of human societies, and the police has always been looking for a way to provide a targeted solution by recognizing the effective measures in the field of theft prevention, therefore identifying theft prevention solutions with applied studies. It can have positive effects on police performance.In this research, a descriptive survey method has been used. The statistical population of this research is all the managers and employees of East Tehran Police Command in the number of 555 people who were randomly selected using the Cochran 145 formula. Considering the nature of the subject, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the research variables, and its validity was calculated using the content method and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha 0.87. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics indicators such as; Average, Kalmograf-Smirnov test, Chi-square test and Friedman test were used.The findings showed that the methods of preventing the theft of vehicles based on increasing the effort required to commit the crime, etc., were recognized as the most important methods of preventing the situation.Therefore, since the mentioned methods cause actual crime prevention, planning and educational designs of families by the institutions in charge, correct urban designs and more coherence to police control measures with Equipping manpower and sufficient facilities for crimeSituational prevention is one of the necessary ways to prevent crime and it causes the deactivation of crime hotspots.

In the criminal policy originating from the seeerah of Imam Ali (AS), human growth and excellence emerge in the light of preventing crimes and deviations. In other words, eliminating the opportunities that cause corruption leads to a person's guidance and perfection and access to true worship and happiness. In this research, using descriptive and analytical methods, it is concluded that social preventive policy is represented in two dimensions in the seerah of Imam Ali (AS). In the individual dimension, the role of belief in monotheism, piety, and moral orientation is essential. In the governance dimension, attention is paid to promoting virtue, preventing vice, and informing people about crime prevention. On the other hand, situational preventive policy exists in two official and unofficial dimensions, and its purpose is to balance the members of society and exclude crime-causing elements.