جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Water resources » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

Nowadays, providing safe water is one of the most important issues in big cities. Due to its location in the arid and semi-arid region, Tehran suffers from a lot of water stress despite the fact that it benefits from water resources such as canals and canals. Bagh Faiz neighborhood of Tehran is also one of the neighborhoods that has faced unfavorable ecological damages due to encroachment on water resources. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research develops an effective conceptual framework to analyze and investigate water resources, specifically the status of water resources in the Bagh Faiz neighborhood, based on the DPSIR technique. The findings show that population growth, the increase in industrial complexes, and the lack of institutional support have been the driving forces for increasing water consumption, reducing underground water resources, adverse land use changes, environmental pollution, and the loss of vegetation in Bagh Faiz neighborhood; These have caused a shortage of water reservoirs, an increase in impervious surfaces, a decrease in the quantity and quality of underground water reserves, which has adverse effects such as land subsidence, increased risk of destruction due to floods and earthquakes, the destruction of plant and animal species, and endangering public health and safety. Therefore, the DPSIR technique by analyzing the cause-effect relationship based on driving force, pressure, situation, effect, and response, tries to provide appropriate answers in the field of existing environmental problems to the policymakers and provides the ability to communicate between scientific findings and real-world issues.

Arsenic is one of the heavy metals having harmful effects on human health if enters into the environment and water resources, so the major challenge of arsenic exposure is related to drinking water. The study area is Takab watershed in West Azarbaijan, which includes two large Zarshouran and Agh Dareh gold mines in Carlin type. Carlin gold mines are sulphidic that are able to pollute the downstream environmental resources such as arsenic. In this work, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with arsenic was evaluated for the human community, who are living in Takab watershed and are exposed to arsenic through oral and dermal pathways with contaminated water sources . 45 water samples were randomly collected from surface and groundwater resources in the study area with regard to expert judgment and the distribution points, analyzed by ICP-MS method. Then, the health risk was assessed using by target cancer risk (TR), risk coefficient (HQ) and index hazard (HI). The total results showed that arsenic contamination is derived from volcanic activities and Quaternary alteration and gold mining activities in the east and north of the region. Most of the samples were revealed a range of 9-10 and -100 to -250 mV as pH and oxidation-reduction potential, respectively, which indicates the predominance of arsenate species (As5+) in the form of H2AsO4-. HQ and HI values are more than 10 in 52% of the samples, which indicate the high health risk in people living in the study area. Carcinogenic risk level varies from 0 to 2×10-7, which shows no carcinogenic risk to very high risk by arsenic contamination in water resources. Overall, there are both risks of carcinogenesis and non-cancerous impact in the east and north of the region for intake by ingestion, drinking and skin contact due to water contamination from the natural and anthropogenic sources. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to continuous monitoring for potential contaminant, different methods for preventing exposure to polluted water resources and treatment methods in order to minimize the health risk of the population.

Geographical information science (GIScience) by possessing location-based technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), has contributed greatly to various studies in earth sciences, including the protection of ecosystems. In the present study, the application of this science was discussed in the 15 projects of the rehabilitation and balancing of groundwater resources in Iran (case study: Arak Plain), whose purpose is to protect ecosystems for the health of the environment. The projects of this plan are defined in three parts: 1- production and verification of data and information, 2- control, monitoring and exploitation, 3- water storage in aquifers. In each section, while introducing the project and related sub-projects, the application of GIScience was specified. Also, general and thematic layers as well as decision-making models were introduced in some of these projects. In a general summary, it can be pointed out that most of the rehabilitation and balancing projects are location-oriented in the protection of ecosystems and data management from collection to display steps requires geographic technologies that GIScience can well manage these projects for the health of the environment of humans, plants and other animals in order to provide the required water.

Improving the production system in the agricultural sector requires defining and implementing a model for crop cultivation, based on the country's macro policies, market structure, farmers' knowledge and regional and climatic potentials to protect the environment, reduce water consumption and achieve The economic benefits are sustainable. The purpose of this study is to apply the gray fuzzy planning model with an environmental approach and reduce water consumption in determining the optimal cultivation pattern in Jiroft.

The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, causal in terms of study method, and in terms of research method and nature and method of approach to inference. Gray planning is one of the methods of analyzing gray systems for decision making under uncertainty.

The results showed that the area under potato cultivation between 5292 and 5328.7 hectares in the region can change. The area under onion cultivation can be changed between 1547 and 2349.9. The area under tomato cultivation between 530.6 and 985.4 hectares in the region can change. The area under watermelon cultivation can be changed between 129.5 and 240.5. The area under corn cultivation between 840 and 1560 hectares in the region can change. The area under alfalfa cultivation can be changed between 1204.7 and 22237.3. According to the mentioned restrictions and with the aim of maximum profit, the farmers of the region can cultivate 4910.1 hectares of wheat, 1644.5 hectares of barley and 2063.6 hectares of cucumbers.

Since the development of infrastructure services has a great impact on reducing resource constraints, paying attention to this issue regarding the optimal use of resources to increase the profitability of regional activities can be effective.

Today, with the rapid growth of the economy and the development of urban communities, we are witnessing an intensification of the conflict between the resources used by humans. Therefore, awareness of the capacity of available resources in order to achieve the goals of planning is an undeniable necessity. On the other hand, the increasing trend of pollutant production is a major challenge in the planning process. Therefore, in this study, in addition to examining the resources available at the urban level, human-produced pollutants are also considered. Among these, water resources and the pressure applied to water resources are considered as a key factor. This helps to form strategies for achieving sustainable development. This helps to form strategies for achieving sustainable development. In this research, we try to describe the range of Urban environment carrying capacity Condition the province based on resources as a basis for construction and management of residential areas, which means sustainable housing. In fact, assessing the carrying  capacity of urban environment resources leads to awareness of sustainability and increases the link between human activities and urban sustainability. Due to the high importance of resources in the issue of sustainability and the existing and increasing problems of Tehran province, in this study we have tried to estimate the carrying capacity of the province with emphasis on water resources of the province. In this study, the criteria are divided into two groups of carrier and load. Carriers have been studied from three dimensions of water facilities, water supply and environmental and the load caused by human activity in the sectors of water consumption and production wastewater, socio-economic and pollution in the two sectors of waste and air. Shannon entropy method has been used to weight the indices. Finally, using the interaction of loads to carriers, the carrying  capacity of Tehran province was estimated. According to the obtained results and with the available reports related to the existing conditions in Tehran province, it was determined that among the indicators related to water supply carrier, which has been considered as a key factor in this study, The groundwater resources index, the value of which is determined by the weight of 0.0086, is the most important. According to the results of the carrying capacity related to the interaction of loads with carriers, respectively, carriers of water resources with the amount of 23.748 the highest available capacity, then carriers of the environment of 6.5663 and finally carriers of water facilities as the lowest capacity of Tehran province. There are three carriers with a value of 3.7092.Finally, the numerical value of the total carrying capacity of Tehran province based on the specified indicators is 34.0235. In future studies, if the data and information related to other provinces are completed by implementing the method used in this study for other provinces, it will be possible to compare the values of carrying capacity at the national level, The results can help to improve the planning process based on comparisons between provinces.

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems for biodiversity conservation that have higher importance in arid area to provide water resource. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of changes in water resources in Hamoun and its effects on the habitat of waterfowls and shorebirds. In this regard, using satellite images, the water body map has been created and the changes of water category in 1990, 2002, 2015 and 2020 have been studied. The habitat map of waterfowls and shorebirds has been obtained by Maxent during the study period. The results showed that in 1977, the water area was about 321,056.8 hectares, which has provided 301,594.9 hectares of habitat for waterfowls. But in 2002, due to the lack of water resources in the wetland completely dried up, the habitat of birds has been completely degraded. In 2015 and 2020, although the whole wetland was not flooded and part of the wetland was flooded about 81,000 and 190,000 hectares, respectively, but has provided 50,000 and 83,000 hectares of habitat, respectively. The results of this study confirmed the importance of water resources on habitats. The results of this study have spatially identified areas that can provide habitat factors during water scarcity. The results of this study, in addition to the scientific expression of the importance of wetland conservation, are also applicable in the managerial decisions of the region.

Water can be considered as one of the most important factors of growth and economic development of each country. The lack of water resources and low efficiency of methods of operation in the country has made the country to use excessive groundwater resources and have environmental problems in Iran. In this study, environmental efficiency of water resources across the country in order to evaluate the efficiency of the variable - based model (slack - based) model on relaxation was considered. Then, in this study, using the dynamic panel model with the application of the generalized moments of space in 2011 - 2018 in 31 provinces, the effect of threshold extraction of water resources was studied. The results of the overall efficiency of the first stage were significantly higher than the performance of water resources in the second stage and the overall efficiency was close to the effectiveness of the second stage and the efficiency of the second stage determined the overall effectiveness of the environmental efficiency of Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, and Yazd. The SAR space variable had a coefficient 0.142, which indicated that the efficiency of water resources across the provinces, where the geography location was independent of political divisions, had spatial effects on the real GDP of the neighboring provinces. overall efficiency of water resources had sudden spatial effects and the overall efficiency of regions was affected by neighborhood regions. Direct and indirect effects of internal water consumption, opening degree and industrial structure had meaningful effect on the overall efficiency of water resources in Iran. The spatial effects of internal water consumption and industrial structure had a significant effect. In order to improve the efficiency of water resources, the government, citizens and farmers should focus on solutions such as reducing pollution, saving domestic water and converting industrial structures. It was suggested that in the lower - efficiency oblasts with less efficiency in order to improve efficiency, production structures and technologies with the use of more efficient water resources rather than destructive and polluting technologies, the government controled and improved the efficiency of the country 's water consumption by implementing strict laws to protect the country 's water resources.

Magnetic water technology is a topic that has been considered in the field of water and agriculture resources in recent years. One of the applications of magnetic water is soil remediation with minimal use of chemicals and acids. By applying a magnetic field, ordinary water can be turned into a liquid with special physical and chemical effects.

In this research, using laboratory and simulation methods, the effect of magnetic water on soil remediation was investigated and an operational study was performed in this regard.

The results indicated that the specific heat and boiling point of magnetic water decreased and the amount of evaporation increased. Other properties including specific gravity, surface tension, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and solubility also changed. Applying a magnetic field increases the solubility of water and thus activates the nutrients in the soil, and then facilitating the dissolution of insoluble salts in the soil reduces fertilizer consumption by 50%.

The results of experiments on irrigation with magnetic water on different fields revealed that seed yield increased, and water consumption and pump cost decreased by 44%. Considering that water supply for domestic, industrial, agricultural, etc. is becoming more difficult year by year and imposes heavier costs on the government, the use of magnetic water technology and localization of its technology seem inevitable and could result in save in foreign currency.
Keywords: Agriculture; Electric charges; Magnetic water; Water resources

Water resources have always been a limiting factor in environmental planning. Understanding the status of this critical resource can have a significant impact on proper land use planning. This study aimed to estimate the water supply and demand as an ecosystem service and to identify areas with water stress in the Sirvan transboundary basin. This goal could be achieved using the concept of ecosystem services, which is new thinking in the earth sciences, and using geographical, climatic data, and satellite images. After relative corrections, Landsat satellite images for 2019 were prepared, and the LULC map was produced. Then precipitation, evapotranspiration, and root depth layers were created. The latest inputs, including the Evapotranspiration coefficients of the land cover and related tables, were prepared and modeled in the InVEST 3.8.9 software environment. The results showed that the amount of water yield in this watershed is 5,381 million m3/yr, where the sub-basin 5, 11, and 1 have the highest water yield with 1426, 906, and 621 million m3/yr. and sub-basin 2 with 100 million m3/yr have the lowest water yield. The sub-basin 5 with 110 million m3/yr has the highest consumption, and the sub-basin 2 with 7 Mm3/yr has the lowest consumption. Sub-basin 4, where the city of Sanandaj is located, has the highest water stress.

Lack of water resources is one of the biggest and most difficult environmental issues that is increasing rapidly in Iran. Given the scarcity of water resources in the Haraz Basin, this paper develops a system dynamics (SD) model for water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) and analyzes the balance between water supply and demand. For analysis of three scenarios to simulate WRCC from 2010 to 2030 Trahyshd and total water demand and the output value of secondary products as criteria for the study were selected WRCC Haraz basin. The results showed that the capacity to carry water resources in the Haraz Basin can not meet the demand for socio-economic development in the coming years and the third scenario can effectively compensate for water shortages. Accordingly, in order to ensure the sustainable use of water resources, water conservation policies should be greatly increased.

In this paper, we will introduce a mathematical model, based on prey-predator models, to study reciprocal effects of water resources and population. First, we will construct the model and introduce the parameters and variables of the system. Next we will study local behaviors around inner equilibrium points and global behaviors in the admissible region of the system. Especially we will see that how changes of the parameters might cause simultaneous permanency/impermanency of population and water resources through local bifurcations and changes in the structure of solutions

The purpose of this study is to identify internal factors (strengths and opportunities), external factors (weaknesses and threats) and strategies for capacity evaluation of environmental strategic assessment in water resources of Iran. For this purpose, interviews with experts and extensive studies of effective indicators at three levels of individuals, system, and organization were identified and used to develop effective management strategies. Using strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats at three levels (individuals, system and organization) in the form of Internal and External Factors Evaluation matrices, SWOT analysis was applied. Finally, strategies were scored using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix. Considering the importance of optimizing and protecting water resources in the current unsatisfactory conditions, and the results of SWOT and QSPM matrices, it is suggested that all existing capacities in the community be employed to carry out an ever-increasing environmental assessment to curb impacts of non-experts and short-sighted views in the executive level in water resources sector. We also suggest consideration of the infrastructure and capacities available for the implementation of the strategic environmental assessment in the context of national development programs in water resources to pave way for achieving a smoother sustainable development.