جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه ریزی مشارکتی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

With the ever-increasing population of cities, especially after the Industrial Revolution, the factors influencing the urban management system and human settlements have greatly increased, and during time, traditional methods and non-participatory approaches have lost their effectiveness. Concepts such as participatory approaches have been proposed among decision-makers in the urban management system. The basis of these concepts is decision-making with and for the people. Undoubtedly, a city whose decisions are made without the effective presence of its citizens cannot meet the needs of its residents. The purpose of advancing this research is to identify and explain the factors affecting the two-way communication between people and city officials and the formation of collaborative planning to realize beautification projects to improve the quality of life of citizens in the Tehran metropolis.

This research is practical in terms of research objectives and its method is descriptive-analytical. In general, the method of conducting this research is based on document analysis, content analysis, and meta-analysis. According to the statistical population of the research, which are citizens of Tehran city, 384 questionnaires were completed, and also the interview was used to get information from the managers of the beautification organization. The analysis of the questionnaire was designed to measure the components and variables of the leading research done by SPSS software. to check the reliability and validity of the research, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used to ensure the selected main factors, correlation analysis to find the relationship between variables, and aggregate analysis to determine the amount of variance calculated by main factors

Based on the results obtained from the research, 19 factors have been presented in 4 categories, which include social-cultural, subsistence-economic, administrative-organizational, and legal-organizational.

From the respondent’s point of view, indicators related to the economic dimension with an average of 4.565 have the highest priority, indicators related to the administrative-organizational dimension with an average of 4.368 are in second place, indicators related to the legal-organizational dimension are in the third place with an average of 4.316 and finally The indicators related to the socio-cultural dimension with an average of 4.215 are in the last category. Also, ambiguity in identifying the target groups of actions, legal, administrative, and organizational obstacles, and weakness in creating a culture of participation among the community are the main obstacles to the non-realization of citizen participation in the beautification of the Tehran metropolis

Participation is a concept that depends on the context and conditions of a society, and therefore, it takes on various forms and levels. One of the most recognized methods of achieving public benefit in Habermas' perspectives is seen in his concept of communicative action. Furthermore, Jane Friedman categorizes planning theories into four traditions and approaches based on the extent of knowledge application in the public sphere, namely policy analysis, social reform, social learning, and social mobilization. The aim of this research is to categorize the theories of public participation theorists and develop a new interpretation of the levels of participation in conjunction with Jane Friedman's planning traditions. Data was gathered through document analysis and literature review using a qualitative approach. The results reveal that within the framework of the proposed concept of participatory planning, the traditional top-down planning process corresponds to policy analysis, which does not involve participation and cannot be considered a stage of participatory planning. In the second stage, supportive planning corresponds to social reform. The next stage is educational planning corresponding to social learning, and finally, participatory planning is defined as the highest level, corresponding to social mobilization. In this framework, the outcome of each stage sets the foundation for the next stage, providing the basis for genuine participation.

In Iran, despite the increasing attention of policymakers and planners to the need and importance of applying participatory urban planning approaches at different scales, urban development plans (UDPs) with a participatory approach often face failures and problems such as stopping the process of planning in the middle stages, failure of participatory planning processes due to lack of proper grounding, or non-implementation of prepared plans. Therefore, Tehran, with the boldest background in the field of urban development planning (UDP), as the country’s capital and the first demographic and political city, is selected as the case of this study. The research aims to recognize the institutional barriers to successfully applying participatory approaches in UDP, which leads to the classification of a wide range of obstacles due to the inefficiency of formal and informal institutions involved in the UDP process and determining how and to what extent each category influences the outputs of the planning process. The research design is based on a parallel multistrand mixed method to test the structural model resulting from the relationships of the main variables identified in the theoretical framework of macro-level research by quantitative modeling of structural equations and, in parallel, formulation of an independent theoretical model based on the findings of qualitative content analysis in the case study scale. In the "structural model of institutional analysis of urban development and participation relations" framework, critical paths and relationships governing how formal and informal institutions affect the process of Tehran citizens’ participation in urban development plans are identified at the macro level. Also, to scrutinize the existing processes and document the process and product of UDP in Tehran, the results of in-depth and semi-structured interviews conducted during the research have been categorized into three main categories. The first category aims to confirm the relationships between research variables in the context of the study sample. The second category aims to gain specialized knowledge of the current situation of pilot plans in the subject area of research, and the third category aims to extract and classify the institutional barriers of participatory urban development in Tehran in the form of sub-categories and related conceptual spectrums. Finally, to answer the central question of the research, by combining quantitative and qualitative findings of the research with a descriptive-explanatory approach, "Integrated conceptual model of institutional structure and barriers to participatory UDP in Tehran" and with a prescriptive approach, "strategic implications for alleviation of institutional barriers of Public Participation in Tehran UDP" are presented. Framing a theoretical model of integrated and simultaneous analysis of the relationship between urban development, public participation and institutions, and the obstacles of participatory UDP in Tehran is the main research achievement. This analysis framework can be developed and exploited at three levels in future applied research. First, at the operational level to produce practical outcomes of participatory planning. Second, at the policy level for decision-making and policy-making in the form of constraints and rules of collective choice affecting the structure of participatory planning action situations; and third, at the legal level to determine the composition of participants competent for policy-making and determining institutional rules in this regard.

Urban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stability and democracy in urban societies. Considering the importance of participation in neighborhood development and urban management, the aim of this research is to adopt a neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in the revitalization of worn-out urban tissues and to identify the most important criteria that have the greatest effect on neighborhood-oriented participation in the revival of worn-out tissues. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. Sampling was purposeful and out of 308 households in the neighborhood, 50 heads of households were selected for questioning using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 93%. The results were analyzed through SPSS software, including path analysis tests and factor analysis tests. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators related to social dimensions; Economic and management have had the greatest impact on worn-out tissues of Sartpoule neighborhood of Sanandaj city with weighted average (4.45, 3.739, 5.112). Also, through path analysis, the factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the improvement of the quality of the worn tissues of the target area were identified.

One of the historic capabilities of Birjand city (East of Iran) is the existence of a large number of historic gardens that, despite the great importance from the perspective of landscape architecture, sufficient attention has not yet been given to the gardens from the viewpoint of landscape planning. One of the newest global approaches to historic gardens is the revival of agricultural and productive capabilities of gardens through methods and approaches called urban agriculture. While urban agriculture encompasses the tangible edible heritage of urban gardens, it also prioritizes engaging civil society in agricultural activities. In urban agriculture, in addition to the owners of the gardens, urban dwellers benefit greatly from the collective gardening in the urban gardens.

This study attempts to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Birjand's historic gardens for the development of urban agriculture, and therefore seeks to answer the following question: Are Birjand's historic gardens appropriate for urban agricultural development?

The research method in this study is analytical-descriptive and main data were collected from bibliographic databases and through interviews with garden managers, experts, consultants, and some gardeners about 11 historic gardens. In addition, field studies in historic gardens have been conducted by the authors. Questionnaires were also used to collect the data including physical facilities of gardens, agricultural production activities in gardens, agricultural and horticultural objectives, marketing of horticultural products, and agricultural economics.

The results show that a large part of the area of Birjand's historic gardens is dedicated to agricultural activities. According to the findings of this study, historic gardens have the potential to create opportunities for public participation in the production, training, and consumption of agricultural and horticultural products. A combination of different goals, whether commercial, educational, social, therapeutic, or environmental, can be the key to the success of place-making of the historic gardens through urban agriculture. According to this strategy, the historic garden can be a place for interaction between different groups and users. Therefore, the formation of Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPULs) depends on the strategy of public participation and involving citizens in the re-planning of historic gardens for the development of the edible public green space so that all gardens, whether private, public, or endowed, would be places for the presence and participation of citizens in the development of urban agriculture.

Current study concentrates on adolescents’ presence in urban spaces that can be a vital context for providing rich opportunities to develop a variety of personality characteristics. Today, due to ignoring this age group of urban studies in our country and its aftermath, inefficiency of urban spaces to meet their needs, adolescents’ presence is declining. So in this regard, the desirability of urban spaces from the perspective of adolescents’ presence aged 15 to 18 in Golsar neighborhood of Rasht, is evaluated based on the proposed model. Research method, has been descriptive-analytic and theoretical foundations through library and adolescents’ view analysis was carried out through questionnaire, focus group and map anchored interviews. By completing 271 questionnaires to assess existing urban spaces, we study adolescents’ movement and their activities, and then focus group and map-anchored interviews are used to test the quantitative method results. Quantitative data analysis, Spss and qualitative data was conducted using content analysis. Findings shows that the existing urban spaces do not have an adequate response to the indicators and 78.3% teens’ movement patterns are inactive. Their most important leisure activities were, internet activity, watching television and computer games. The results with emphasis that the proposed model can be a systematic and collaborative approach to assess urban spaces from the adolescents’ viewpoint show that adolescents’ presence in the existing urban spaces is declining because they aren’t compatible with their growth needs and this is a product of ignoring them from participation in the urban planning and design process.

Today, participation in social affairs is one of the main principles of sustainable development. In the field of urban management, empowering citizens and influencing them in urban affairs is the core of the participatory approach. So that in the regeneration of worn tissues during the last three decades, this approach has been mentioned as the key to problem solving and effective implementation of renovation programs. But experience shows that what has been considered as participation in urban management in Iran is more about financing and instrumental use of participation. In this article, an attempt has been made to study the experience of renovation in three neighborhoods of Sirus, Javadieh and Haftchenar, Tehran, which has been implemented with the approach of physical-spatial planning and participatory planning, while enumerating barriers to participation, to provide a model for future projects. The research method of this study is qualitative and the interview technique has been used. The sample size is 30 renovation managers and experts who have worked in these or similar projects. The results indicate that the barriers can be classified into two categories of structural and factor factors. Thus, structural factors at the macro level, including organizational structures, and at the micro level, including legal factors (laws and regulations) and agency at the two micro levels, ie individual factors and macro level, ie the organizational dimension, create obstacles to citizen participation. Therefore, in order to attract people’s participation, these structural and factor factors must be coordinated with each other and a positive and two-way interaction must be established between them.

Uncontrolled urban development in the present age has caused many problems that cannot be solved by traditional management and requires the participation of all citizens in the administration of urban affairs. Today, citizen participation and its application in urban planning, as one of the characteristics of the development of a country, is considered by designers and urban planners. Citizen participation is effective in the success of local development plans, so it has become one of the main issues of urban planning today. The role of children, who make one third of urban population (citizens), is neglected in many cases. In recent years, there has been much research on children’s participation, but it can be said that, in practical terms, this concept faces many obstacles. Many of the issues we are facing today, such as leaving the neighborhood, lack of security, etc., are due to neglecting all citizens, especially children, in the city and, at a smaller scale, in the neighborhood. Accordingly, it is essential that children participate in local development planning. Undoubtedly, children’s participation needs a thorough perception of the concepts related to child. It requires a full understanding of the concepts of the child and the benefits and challenges of children’s participation. Finally, it is necessary to answer the question of what the methods of children’s participation in the process of preparing and implementing local development planning are. The theoretical foundation and global experiences related to children’s participation is presented to answer this question. Then, the case study of Sarshoor neighborhood is introduced and the results are presented. Finally, the conclusions are made based on the analysis of theoretical concepts, answering the main questions by Delphi method, and experts’ opinions. The results indicate that contextualization is the most influential factor in the planning process, as compared to other factors including culture-building, institutionalization and durability of participation. The two factors of institutionalization and participation control are the most influential factors in the implementation of plans. When these factors are realized, children tend to become more involved in the development process of the neighborhood because (1) their abilities focus on themselves in this process, (2) they are provided with an opportunity in this process, (3) participation methods become available to them, and (4) they become aware of their rights. At the end, the cycle of the process of neighborhood development projects is proposed based on the components of children’s participation in the Sarshoor neighborhood. The findings of this study will not only help planners and designers to better understand the way children are involved in planning and designing processes, but also provide an appropriate framework for using effective factors on the participation of children in local development projects. It is suggested that the factors proposed in this paper be applied according to the specific conditions and characteristics of each neighborhood.

The main purpose of land preparation projects has been providing appropriate dwelling places for people and advancing urban pre-arranged development. In such projects, the government undertakes to prepare urban lands and handing them over for houseconstruction purposes. In recent years, Mehr housing projects have minimized the total expense of housing construction through the omission of land’s price out of the total expenditure. This will definitely aid people to establish Mehr house co-operative and enjoyfinancial bank facilities. This analytic and descriptive-oriented research attempts to provide constructive suggestions concerning how to utilize the present potentials and that how, and to what extent the co-operative members can participate in urban development projects. These suggestions, based on the current situation of our country include items as revision of service-rendering description and making changes in the project approving commission members. In the next step, it clarifies and elucidates the impact of the confined land areas in the plan-making process.Moreover, it explicates the necessity of simultaneous cooperation of urban designers and architects in providing preparation maps and adducing their comments.

There are different perspectives for life quality: but because of society variety there are always problems to improve life. In this study it is tried to look at this fact with a society oriented perspective. The concept of life quality and society oriented perspective has been studied through data analysis and required documents are studied. It is necessary to mention that life quality is a completed concept. Discoveries: For life quality some effective social facts were studied which are house quality, services, literacy, having help services in the period of 1986-2006 and social communion, satisfaction of life's different aspects and society reliability in 2002. Local development plans with society oriented perspective because of having high capacity is used to improve life quality. Social, urban and rural problems make local residents participate in solving the problems. Because the single pattern to develop a society can not be successful for societie's different problems.