جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Hashtgerd new town » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The rapid and increasing growth of urbanization and the subsequent increase in population of cities have led to different consequences in various fields. Among the most important consequences is the increase in demand for energy resources, which can be considered from two aspects: first, limited renewable energy resources and second, environmental pollutions caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. On the other hand, public awareness of the above aspects has led to emergence of new approaches such as sustainable development, smart growth, etc. in urbanism and revealed the attention to the issue of energy efficiency in urbanism. The concept of energy consumption in the city is related to various components, one of which is street network and transportation, which in relation to the issue of land use, affect energy consumption in this sector (about 30% of energy consumption in cities). So far, several studies have been conducted in the field of energy consumption, but few quantitative studies have been done in Iran. In the present study, first the theoretical foundations in the field of energy and transportation planning are examined, and then the components affecting energy consumption in transportation sector are discussed. In the next step, three scenarios are proposed for a 35-hectares unbuilt area in Hashtgerd New Town (known as “35-Hectare Area” in the national documents), and at the end, for all scenarios, the energy consumption is evaluated by measuring the energy indices of transportation and land use using Communityviz software. To determine the degree of integration of passages, space syntax technique and Depth Map software are used. The results show that there is a direct relationship between the form of transportation network, urban land-use, and energy consumption such that by changing the form of transportation network, developing integrated transportation, and changing the land-use distribution, energy consumption in transportation sector can be reduced up to 35%.

One of the important dimensions of sustainable development is social sustainability. Indeed, it can be argued that sustainable development derives from social sustainability. Given the complexity of contemporary urban issues, attention to social aspects of urban neighborhoods is indispensable. When these factors disappear in a neighborhood, the social stability of the neighborhood is compromised; in new neighborhoods, most of the features of old neighborhoods have disappeared and the social and economic coexistence of people is replaced by ethnic-religious affiliations and the homogeneities of all have become social life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate quantitatively the components of social sustainability in the old and new neighborhoods of Hashtgerd in a comparative way. The research method used is descriptive-analytic. In the collection of information, in the first stage, Criteria were recognized by using library and documentary studies. In the second stage, as a field study, the studied areas were evaluated using the obtained criteria. Fuzzy Delphi method has been used to understand the fundamental criteria in this research and the Network Analysis technique has been used to evaluate and prioritize the provided indicators and evaluate the community surveyed. Using the Fuzzy Delphi method, five criteria out of seven criteria including "activity", "identity", "security", "spatial justice" and "physical and spatial coherence" were selected as the basic criteria. The results of the network analysis indicated that the "activity diversification" (0.139), "urban signs" (0.17) were the most important in achieving social sustainability from the viewpoint of experts.

The intensification of urban problems along with their increasing complexities and uncertainties leads to the need for a planning system to focus on finding the right problems, analyzing and solving the problems. New towns, as a response to the problems of large cities and metropolitan areas, are planned to be balanced and self-contained without duplicating the problems of existing communities. It means that their agenda and development goal was always to create problem-free communities. Besides the successes in development process of new towns, they have also encountered varying problems. Such problems are considered complicated problems, as they are multi-dimensional. That is why they require multi-dimensional solutions, while planning approaches were based upon traditional approaches mainly concentrating on the physical aspects of planning with no consideration to the nature of problems. This is a problem-orientated approach, and deals with both problem-finding and problem-solving processes by applying a suitable spatial approach based on strategic thinking headed for developing innovative and multi-dimensional solutions to cope with such problems. In new towns development experiences worldwide, two categories of problems are identified. First, problems caused due to the initial planning processes in terms of selecting the location and size of the new towns. Second, problems faced by residents in the course of the development of each new town. In this paper, a problem finding-problem solving framework’ or paradigm, is devised to be applied in new towns and specially Hashtegerd New Town (as a case study for the underlying research of this paper) that is situated to the west of Tehran the capital of Iran. This framework is based on creative and rational processes of problem-solving, and uses features and techniques of both, according to the nature of identified urban problems. New towns of our country were planned and accordingly developed on the basis of worldwide experiences of new towns’ development. Applying the proposed framework, the problems of Hashtgerd New Town, using content analysis and in-depth interview methods, are identified in this paper to be in three categories. First, the procedural and substantive problems related to the content of new-town development plan that is a result of benchmark errors from global experiences. Second, the problems that the residents experienced during all stages of the development of new town. Third, the problems related to the deviation of the implementation of the plan. Based on these three routes, problem statement of Hashtgerd new town is formulated, then in the analysis stage of the paper, creative problem-solving methods, i.e., “six word question” and “fishbone analysis”, are applied to detect the causes of problems and to classify problems in two categories with the use of “laddering the problem” method. This paper found that the first class of problems are procedural problems that solving them is the pre-condition of a planning activity based on strategic thinking. The second group are substantive aspects of planning and includes such aspects as population balance, which requires applying problem-orientated and goal-oriented processes of planning. The third class of problems are related to the decision-making structure of the new towns.

Security is the sense of relief and confidence from no violation to life, property and other human rights. Social disorganization in cities has increased exponentially due to population growth, rapid expansion of urbanization and social, economic, political and cultural changes arising from it. The aim of this study is analysis of the resident›s security sense in Hashtgerd New Town to safety evaluation and awareness of policy makers and decision-makers from this issue. Research method is analytical and applied. Sample size has been calculated through Cochran formula and it is estimated 567 people. In this study, sampling method was cluster random. The data collection tool has been done through a questionnaire. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between two variable gender and sense of security. So that women than men are lower sense of security in Hashtgerd New Town. There are Significant differences between age groups and a sense of security and the level of family income and feel secure in Hashtgerd New Town. Thus, sense of security is lower in neighborhoods with low economic and social status as well as vulnerable groups such as women and children in Hashtgerd.

The construction management of Mehr Housing projects, which has an increasing volume and is required to high speed, can be appropriately possible just through receiving and processing the reliable data and information on the right time. Long-term programs, which have been made by managers and can determine the whole levels of Mehr Housing projects, their executive process and the people’s operation who are involved in Mehr Housing project, are entirely on the basis of existing data mining. Hashtgerd New Town Development Corporation is one of the most fundamental administrators of Mehr Housing project throughout the country and therefore, an efficient construction management is essential to execute the projects in this town. Considering the fact that more than 80 projects of Mehr Housing project are being executed in Hashtgerd New Town and regarding that the memoranda of understanding have been contracted and operated in a short time, assembling the appropriate information in the field of contractors and projects is fundamental to apply the long-term policies and coherent methods. To cluster the contractors of Mehr Housing projects in this research, firstly the required data has been collected with regard to these contractors and then they have been clustered through cluster analysis method. Correctness of achieved findings has been certified through validation methods. Finally, contractors have been ranked in every cluster by VIKOR as a multiple criteria decision-making method.

Rapid growth of urbanization and increase in urban population has caused different consequences in different aspects. One of the most important consequences is increase in the use of energy resources and the demand for them that is considered in two different characteristics: first, the limitation of in use energy resources, and second, environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels. Accordingly, pervasive public awareness about these characteristics and other aspects of urbanization led to the appearance of new approaches such as sustainable development, new urbanism and etc. in urban planning and designfield. Energy in cities is in relation to urban planning and design factors in macro and micro scale. One the most important of such factors is physical characteristics of buildings which affects building energy consumption. Lots of research has been done in surveying the relationship between architecture elements and energy, but few researches focused on urban planning and design in relation with energy in Iran. In this essay, first, theoretical background and previous researches in the area of city and energy surveyed and assessed. Then, the urban planning and design effective factors on energy consumption in cities summarized and at the end, some implication regard to energy saving approach in residential building prepared. In next step, three scenarios proposed for 35 hectare area of Hashtgerd new town. At final step, building energy consumption in three scenarios calculated by ECOTECT software and using shadow, solar access and thermal analysis and compared with each other. The results of study show that by changing in form, orientation, density and elevation of residential buildings, building energy consumption decreased by 45 percent.

This research considers the recognition and evaluation of Identity Formation Process in New Towns, with special reference to Hashtgerd New Town in Iran, located in some 65 kilometers distance on the west of Tehran, the capital. The construction of Hashtgerd New Town and people settlement was started in more than 15 years ago. The concept of city identity, its divisions and elements, explanation of the new towns identity formation process, and its related criteria are considered. The conceptual frameworks of these issues are also discussed. The research also provides a framework based on six key criteria for recognition and evaluation of the identity formation process in new towns. The findings of the study show that, the process of identity formation is founded on the basis of continuous interaction between Society and Environment over time. This process is related to various factors and influenced by them, including legibility and personification, belonging to place, memory and social interactions. In addition the study proves this process has a significant correlation with Time and Satisfaction of habitation too. The results show that, when the period of the settlement time in Hashtgerd New Town has increased, its identity has promoted. Furthermore, as the level of people satisfaction is increased, the new town identity is promoted. The research findings indicate that the level of identity criterion is between poor (bad) and moderate. However, this level in the first phase of this town is close to moderate status, meaning that it is better than the second phase (status between poor and moderate). The third phase of the town has a weak identity. The main reason for these different situations is related to the four mentioned criteria for evaluating and analyzing the process of identity formation in the three phases. The first phase of the new town has provided more suitable context for the above process, rather than the second and third phases. Since there is a positive and strong relation between settlement duration and people satisfaction with identity, it can be considered the different conditions and their effects of these two criteria on the mentioned aspects. Identity formation process in new towns requires time and opportunity. It is necessary to use strategic and effective plans. Identity formation process can be achieved through clear vision on important criteria, including legibility and personification, belonging to place, memory and social interactions, as well as residents’ satisfaction. Designing central points, symbols and specific spaces for social interactions, are necessary to improve new towns identity. Emphasizing only on housing production, consequently as dormitory places, is a key problem in new towns development. Provision of public facilities is the most important factor to accelerate identity formation process. There are challenges affecting the process of identity formation, needing other strategies to consider for mitigation and solving the problems.

These days, the realization of development in Iran’s urban development plans, is one of the most considerd matters. Failure to gain the foreseen population in new towns can indicate a conflict between the users’ tendencies and the designated development plans in these towns. In this study, realization of development has been considered as the product of planning and design process and on the basis of a new approach called “marketing development”, new aspects of this development has been introduced. Corresponding criteria in marketing for development are presented in order to converging market development tendencies with sustainable development goals. Hashtgerd new town which has recently been successful in attracting foreign investment, is selected as case study, and the criteria and indexes of theoretical framework of “marketing development”, have been tested. The results illuminate that recent activities in this town to attract foreign investment is not rising from an intelligent planning discipline, within the development plan of the town.