contracts

Cancellation is one of the causes of termination of contracts, which also includes contractual agreements focusing on the activities of the employer and the contractor. Given that the conditions, criteria and reasons due to cancellation have legal and ethical consequences, the present study examines the role of ethics and law in relation to the cancellation of contractual agreements.

The present research is of theoretical type and the method used in it is descriptive-analytical. The required data has been collected through documents and books related to the subject.

 In organizing the present research, while observing the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

The cancellation of a contract, which leads to its dissolution with the consent of the parties, can be done if it is in the interests of social and governance in order to protect the administrative rights and rights of citizens. In the general terms of the contract, the cancellation is not foreseen, but with regard to the protection of social interests, the employer can cancel the contract so that the contractor cannot claim compensation later, which legally puts the contractors in an unequal position and even obey the orders of employers. In addition, from ethical point of view, arguing for the public interest from employers may lead to government corruption.

While in the Iranian legal system, the termination of an administrative contract is justified only on the basis of the principle of public interest; However, the principle of continuity of public service and the principle of respect for the acquired rights of contractors should be provided for in cases where contractors have the right to terminate, because the cancellation of contract is a two-way termination and regardless of the consent and authority of the contractor in dissolving the contract is not accepted morally and legally. The subject of the terms of termination in an administrative contract is mainly contained in Articles 46 and 48 of the General Conditions of the Contract, which are often in the employer's favor and a reason for centralizing authority and providing a ground for corruption in government agencies.

Blockchain can be defined as a distributed and immutable digital ledger that provides data transparency and user privacy. According to the applications of blockchain, the conducting each application needs planning and cost management. In so doing, this study endeavored to identify and rank applications of blockchain technology in healthcare.

This descriptive study was done in the winter semester of the academic year 2020. In the first phase, applications of blockchain in healthcare were recognized from library resources by qualitative content analysis and in the next phase, applications of technology were prioritized by a panel of experts with 17 members. Then, we used fuzzy SWARA method for ranking applications of blockchain in healthcare.

The results revealed that electronic health records (0.43), smart contracts (0.21), internet of things infrastructure (0.15), information security and privacy (0.08), administrative management (0.06) and electronic voting (0.04) are the important applications of blockchain in healthcare.

Finding of this study showed blockchain technology has important applications in healthcare electronic health records and smart contracts. Therefore, health system policymakers should provide infrastructure for blockchain technology implementation between medical and health organizations. This study can contribute to the research in the blockchain and enrich the literature on the application of blockchain in healthcare

Basically, the pharmaceutical industry and its distribution process are among the topics that are relevant to any society. Because if there is no need to ensure health in terms of medicine and other items of goods related to the medical industry, various threats can deprive a person of life. Whereas what has been brought to man by custom, morality, sharia and sociology, the preservation of life is one of his most important personal and social assets. For this reason, the category of medicine and medical equipment, which is closely related to the right to life and human health, can be a very important factor in this regard. Therefore, in this research, which has been written in an analytical-descriptive manner, the aim is to examine and look in depth at the category of transactions and commercial and legal rules in the field of medicine and other medical goods from the perspective of international trade law. In a nutshell, the international trade law mechanism, in the form of the most important measures that can be taken in this regard, can also use the issue of ownership and, using legal capacity, to maintain the mindset after the right to health in human rights law, reduce drug sanctions, discrimination. Being at the time of contracts and agreements between different countries by you Leaders, legal obligations and rights guarantees to reduce the quality of medicines and medical items in the midst of a health crisis in order to improve the profits of pharmaceutical companies, facilitate the process of trading and buying and selling medicines and medical equipment and special facilities for poor countries to access medicine and supplies. Medicine and other such issues show the role of international trade law in the need of countries for medicine following the outbreak of prominence, prominence and privilege, Transnational Infectious Diseases such as Coronavirus.

Outsousing is a key strategy toward improving performance and financial system of hospitals. The aim of study was to determine the obstacles of outsourcing in university hospitals in Ahvaz City, Iran.

This qualitative study was performed to determine the obstacles of outsourcing in university hospitals affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, in year 2016. Research population included all hospital managers, employees, and contracting experts. 23 participants were selected as samples purposefully. Data were gathered and concluded using framework analysis method; and were analyzed using content analysis method.

The obstacles of outsourcing were extracted and reported in format of 4 themes and 16 subthemes. Main themes were as “legal obstacles”, “financial obstacles”, “organizational/structural obstacles”, and “managerial obstacles”. Moreover, participants mentioned the benefits of outsourcing as “increasing the quality of services”, “organizational downsizing”, and “increasing the profit”.

The results of study showed that the hospitals’ outsourcing faced serious problems in legal, financial, organizational/structural, and managerial aspects. Identification of these problems could be useful in solving them

Over the past several years, outsourcing services has received attention from managers in health sector in order to improve the quality of services and reduce costs; managers of the health information systems have also used outsourcing in information management departments. In this study, the frequency of observing legal dimensions in outsourcing for health information management departments of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, was investigated.
In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the frequency of observing legal elements in the outsourcing contracts for health information management services in five educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in four areas including provisions of contract, assignment contracts, confidentiality of patient information, and the status of the essentials and tools was investigated by using a check list. These areas were examined by coordinating with university's legal affairs based in order to study the contracts related to health information management department. The data were analyzed using central indexes at the frequency.
The highest frequency of legal elements observance in outsourcing contracts of various hospitals was related to the confidentiality of patient information with a frequency of 47.1% and the least frequency related to the elements of tools and necessities, which showed that, unfortunately, none of the dimensions of this element were observed. In addition, among five hospitals surveyed, the hospital with the most frequent observation of legal dimensions (B) only had a score of 35.5%, indicating that hospitals and contractors were not paying attention to the legal dimensions of outsourcing.
The findings showed that the overall observance of legal elements in outsourcing contracts for health information management services in hospitals is significantly lower than the ideal. The results can be used by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences to protect the confidentiality and privacy of patients by observing legal dimensions during outsourcing health information services.

Moment awareness of the status of each of the contracting organization can assist administrators in securing and allocating resources. This information may include the precise specifications of the contract, the contract cost resources, contract statements, information and documents, accounting and so on. That is why the contract to provide the information updated automatically and accurately can be very useful for managers. This descriptive survey research methodology, and is a branch of athletics. The study population consisted University of subordinate units has been agreements specialists whose number is 64 people according to the number of available taking a census. According to research the design and implementation of software quality evaluation software via questionnaires distributed among users were. To check the validity of academics were used to estimate the reliability coefficient Cronbach's alpha (77 % = Α) were used. Data and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS software. According to study data recording software contracts, web design and implementation of the University, The assessment of software quality from the user perspective represents it is to achieve the quality of software designed from the perspective of the users in order of preference to reusable 85.4% reliability and 85.0%, portability 81.2% interoperability and inter-operability 80.4%, flexibility 80.4%, usability 80.4% security 79.6%, effective 79.4% availability, 79.0%. stability 77.8% respectively. Results indicate that the establishment and operation of management information systems in organizations using innovative technologies and with the participation of the employees is possible. In this regard, the University must provide an active and supportive environment that provides appropriate context.