جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Incidence Rate » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy all include hypertension as a key risk factor. Research has shown that the early detection and treatment of hypertension and its risk factors, as well as public health policies to reduce behavioral risk factors, have led to a gradual reduction in mortality caused by heart disease and stroke in high-income countries in the past three decades. Trends in hypertension incidence have been monitored at the national level in Iran. The aim of this study examine province-level disparities in Hypertension incidence from 2004 to 2016.

Use the Non-Communicable Diseases Risk-Factors Surveillance in the Islamic Republic of Iran STEPs registry data. to estimate the incidence rate of hypertension for all provinces in 2004, 2006-2009, 2011, and 2016 using a Bayesian spatial model with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 and R version 4.2.2.

The estimated Hypertension incidence rate in total increased from 19.87 per 1000 people (95% credible interval 14.28, 25.48) in 2004 to 193.02 (171.92, 220.48) in 2016. According to the estimates of 2016, we found that the provinces of Markazi, Ardabil, and Semnan had the highest rate of hypertension, and the provinces of Hormozgan, and Sistan-Baluchistan had the lowest rate. Our findings show that Khorasan, North, Alborz, and Semnan have the most significant percentage change in incidence rate from 2004-2016.

To reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Iranian regions, it is crucial to develop regular hypertension screening programs, especially among the elderly.

Cancer is one of the diseases affecting the elderly and can lead to loss of life years. The skin, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers are five prevalent cancers in the elderly. The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and burden of these cancers in the elderly.

This secondary study was conducted on available extracted data from the population-based cancer registry in Markazi province in 2019. The data of all cases older than 60 years that lived more than six months in Markazi province were extracted. Collecting information involves gathering data on cancer incidence and death rates based on age and sex groups, as well as overall mortality rates. This also includes survival rates, recovery rates for cancer patients, and disability attributed to cancer using the global burden of disease (GBD) standard table from various sources. Various data, including the latest death registration report and the latest cancer registration report for 2019 and the Iran Statistics Center, were obtained. In order to check and analyze the data, Excel and DISMOD2 software were used. In order to analyze the data, formulas for calculating the burden of diseases (DALY=YLL+YLD) were used. For the validity and reliability of the data, the method of preventing the registration of impossible codes and useless codes was used.

The incidence rate of skin, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers in elderly women was 52.87, 59.02, 67.63, 47.95, and 20.90, respectively, per 100000. DALYs of these cancers in elderly women were 63.15, 423.86, 686.37, 366.49, and 385.18, respectively. The incidence rate of skin, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers in elderly men was 100.84, 135.80, 49.74, and 68.57, respectively per 100000. DALYs of these cancers in elderly men were 342.31, 1117.01, 337.99, and 452.41, respectively. The highest YLL and YLD were related to gastric cancer (493.31/100,000) and breast cancer (220.84/100,000)

Based on the results of this study, the incidence, mortality, and DALY of skin, breast, stomach, colorectal and lung cancers were higher in the elderly. In this study, the burden of some cancers such as breast, was lower compared to provinces such as Yazd.

Scorpionism is a considerable public health problem worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the major health problems and the leading cause of death in the western and southern parts of Iran.

This study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological features of scorpion stings in Shoushtar city.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 5479 cases in Shoushtar city, Khuzestan province, Iran, from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2018. First, the incidence rate of scorpion stings was calculated for the study years; then, the bites frequency distribution chart was drawn by month. The t-test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis using SPSS 22.

The average incidence rate of scorpion stinging during the study period was 579.55 per 100000. There was a gradual decrease in the incidence rate over the study period. The incidence of scorpionism was lower in winter, especially in January and February. The most prone body parts of stingwere arms and legs (76%); the stings weremorecommoninmenthanwomenandmore in urban areas than rural areas. Householdwomenhad the highest frequency of stings, so almost 1 of every 3 victims was household women; most stings happened indoors. There was a significant association between gender and location, so it was 13 times more in women than men in an indoor location (P = 0.001, OR = 0.076).

Shoushtar is a city with a high incidence rate of scorpion sting in the country, especially in the warm seasons. Most cases of stings occur in Housekeepers and in indoor environments. It seems renovation of residential areas, using chemical controls in roofed areas, and enhancing people’s knowledge regarding the advantage of using gloves and boots can be vital in the reduction of sting incidences.

Many women are uninformed of the factors that put them at risk for cardiovascular diseases or the preventative measures that they can take to lower that risk, which makes the incidence of CVDs among women a serious public health concern. This study aimed to determine the correlation of lifestyle factors and demographic characteristics of women with the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases.
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This descriptive correlational study was conducted on women in AL Diwaniyah City, Iraq, from January to March 2023. The purposive sampling was used to select 99 women suffering from cardiovascular disease attending the Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Cardiac Catheterization Center, and Primary Health Centers.

Spearman’s correlation showed a highly significant correlation between women’s age and lifestyle factors, physical activity, and stress management (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant correlation between women’s education level, stress management, and follow-up (p>0.05). Occupation showed a statistically significant correlation with women’s health history (p=0.046). The woman’s monthly income was correlated with her family history (p=0.003).

Low-income families are the most predominant socioeconomically status in AL Diwaniyah City. A noteworthy correlation exists between the age of women and their health history, physical activity, and stress management.

Cancer disease in children is very rare and includes less than one percent of all cancers. However, it is one of the main causes of death among children. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of various cancers in children in Erbil city, Iraq. In this epidemiological study, in which the cancer registry data of Erbil city was used, the frequency distribution of cancer between 2014 and 2021 (for 8 years) in children under 18 years of age was investigated and the incidence rate per one million people was calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software and MS Excel 2016 software. The registered cancer cases related to the residents of Erbil city during these years were 1766 cases, among which blood cancers had the highest frequency. 59.7% of the cases have been observed in men, and the age group of 15-18 years (34.6%) had the highest frequency in comparison with other age groups. The average age at the time of diagnosis was estimated at 11.2 years. The minimum and maximum age-standardized incidence in this 8-year period is estimated to be 73 cases (year 2014) and 241 cases (year 2019) per million people, respectively. Based on the results of this study and contrary to our expectations, it was found that the incidence of cancer among children under 18 years old in Erbil city is not much different from developed countries.

The primary goal of the Fontan reconstructive surgery is not only to achieve optimal systemic blood flow and simultaneous controlled pulmonary balance but also to prevent the blood from returning to the ventricles. Such measures as the use of systemic-pulmonary shunts can help achieve the desired outcome in this type of surgery. It appears that reducing the resistance of pulmonary arteries and maintaining pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) could serve as prognostic factors in patients undergoing this surgery. We sought to test the hypothesis that preserved PAP in patients with a single-ventricle defect undergoing the Fontan procedure via the Glenn shunt implantation could confer a better prognosis.  This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 54 consecutive patients with a single-ventricle defect who underwent the Glenn procedure in Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran in 2019. Based on PAP assessed by angiography, the patients were classified into 2 groups: PAP equal to or less than 15 mm Hg (n=27) and PAP above 15 mm Hg (n=27). Information on the surgical outcome was compared between the 2 groups.  No difference was observed between the groups in the rate of cardiac arrhythmia (P=0.192), but the prevalence rates of ascites (7.4% vs 48.1%; P=0.001) and pleural effusion (33.3% vs 85.2%; P=0.001) were higher in the high-PAP group. The mean length of hospital stay (6.00±2.37 d vs 9.48±6.86 d; P=0.16) and the mean length of ICU stay (3.93±1.07 d vs 5.30±2.30 d; P=0.008) were longer in the high-PAP group.  High PAP is regarded as a prognostic factor in patients undergoing the Glenn procedure since it places patients at risk for postoperative ascites and pleural effusion and, thus, the need for long-term hospitalization. (Iranian Heart Journal 2022; 23(1): 112-117)

Dyslipidemia (DL) is an important risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated DL prevalence and its 5‑year incidence rate in southeastern Iran, to assess the severity and growth rate of this CAD risk factor in the region.

This study was a part of the Kerman CAD Risk Factors Study Phase 2 (2014–2018) among 9996 individuals aged 15–80 years, from whom 2820 individuals had also participated in Phase 1 (2009–2011). In mg/dl, cholesterol ≥240 and/ or low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 and/or high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 for men and <50 for women and/ or triglyceride >200 were defined as DL.

The lipid profile of 9911 persons was analyzed. Overall 19.6% had borderline cholesterol and 6.4% suffered from hypercholesterolemia. 56.6% of the population (62.5% of females vs. 48.5% of males) suffer from DL, from whom 73.4% were undiagnosed. Female gender, advanced age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and depression predicted DL in the study population. The prevalence of DL was significantly lower in Phase 2 (56.6%) compared to Phase 1 (81.4%). The prevalence of undiagnosed DL (UDL) and diagnosed DL (DDL) was 40.7% and 16.2%, respectively. The 5‑year incidence rate of DL was 2.58 persons/100 person‑years (3.24 in females vs. 2.20 in males).

Although there were promising signs of a reduction in DL and increase in DDL in the last 5 years, a high percentage of the population have DL yet, from whom mostly are undiagnosed. DL was significantly associated with other CAD risk factors. Therefore, the health‑care management system should improve its strategies to reduce the health burden of DL.

Meningitis is classified as a medical emergency where the identification and early treatment of bacterial meningitis can eliminate serious consequences, such as hearing loss, memory problems, learning disabilities, brain damage, seizures, and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of meningitis using Geographic Information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Then, the disease prediction map was drawn using the Raster Calculator tool.

The results showed that the highest incidence of meningitis during 2010-2015 was in Qazvin, Qom, and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of meningitis in Iran increased from 9.77 in 2010 to 10.33 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Mazandaran provinces with 78.89%, 74.68%, 70.07%, 43.97%, and 22.93% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for meningitis in the coming years, respectively.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Mazandaran provinces are at risk of the disease. Monitoring vaccination in high-risk groups can partially prevent the incidence of the disease in these areas.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of 39% of deaths in Iran. Due to the different geographical diversity in Zanjan province, Iran, this study aimed to investigate the incidence, age-specific, and regional distribution of myocardial infarction in Zanjan province, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran, in 2020. Data were collected from nine hospital information systems. The incidence rate, age-specific, and regional distribution of MI were calculated for each county. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression methods were used to investigate significant relationships between variables. All statistical analyses were performed using RStudio and R software.

In total, 3,723 MI patients were hospitalized in ZUMS hospitals during 2014-2019. The overall incidence rate of MI was 348 cases (95% CI, 337-359) per 100,000 population. Moreover, the prevalence of this condition was higher in males compared to females and at age 80 and over. The incidence rates of MI increased by 84% from 49 cases (95% CI: 47-55) in 2014 to 90 cases (95% CI: 88-99) in 2019 (P<0001). Moreover, the highest incidence rate of MI was observed in Khorramdareh and Ijrood counties.

This study provided an overview of the current status of MI incidence in Zanjan province, Iran. The highest incidence of MI was observed in males and at the southeast of the studied area. This study can help health authorities and policymakers prioritize resource allocation and employ prevention programs to reduce the incidence rate of MI.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the second most common cancer in the world. Two million new cases were reported in 2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing trend of BC in the people of Ardabil during 2003-2016.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we analyzed BC incidence rates using population-based cancer registries stratified by city, age group, gender, and disease grading. We analyzed the collected data by statistical methods in SPSS version 21.

The mean age of patients was 48.4±13.1. Of all patients, 98.5% were female, and most were aged 40-60 (56%). The most of BC cases was registered in year 2011 with the most incidence rate about 10.41 per 100000 and the most of cases with 71.5% was registered in Ardabil city. The incidence rate of BC reached from 4.13 per 100000 in 2003 to 6.93 in 2016. The annual percentage change during the study years was 4.1%.

Results showed that the incidence rate of BC during study years had an increasing trend in Ardabil’s people and reached from 4.13 per 100000 in year 2003 to 6.93 per 100000 in year 6.93 with Annual percentage change about 4.1%. The trend of BC incidence increased during 2003-2011 and then, decreased during 2011-2016.

The present research aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence rate of low back pain and injury in 12 Olympic sports athletes presenting to the injury surveillance system of the Sports Medicine Federation of Iran.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of athletes from the injury surveillance system of the Sports Medicine Federation of Iran, for three years. Descriptive statistic was used for the study. 

The incidence rate of 6.7 injuries per 10000 athletes registered was calculated for low back complaints in 12 sports disciplines. Weightlifting, wushu, and judo had the highest, and gymnastic and soccer had the lowest low back injuries incidence. More than one-third of the low back complaints involved the lumbar spine. Also, females were at higher risk of low back pain and injury than males. Of age categories, adults and elderlies had the highest prevalence of low back complaints with more involvement in the lumbar spine. 

According to the results, wushu, judo, and especially weightlifting should be the priority of prevention. Furthermore, females and elderlies require more focus on preventive measures.

Cosmetic surgery accompanied with high economic cost is increasing in Iran. It is necessary to be aware about factors affecting cosmetic surgery in order to control its increasing trend. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors affecting the incidence of cosmetic surgery in Tehran, Iran.

This survey was conducted on 2002 subjects between the ages of 15 to 60 yr using random digit dialing in Tehran, Iran 2015. Demographic data was collected from all of participants and in the presence of cosmetic surgery, the related cosmetic questions were asked in details. Cosmetic surgery was considered as an event and the incidence rate ratio for variables were estimated. For univariate analysis, Poisson regression was used as well as multi-level Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Totally, 224 participants (11%) undergone cosmetic surgery. There was a significant relationship between the age at surgery of participants with the incidence of cosmetic surgery (P<0.001). Cosmetic surgery in women was 1.9 times greater than in men (P <0.001). Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) for the average and wealthy economic status in comparison to poor level was estimated (IRR=5.6, CI%95: 3.64,8.63) and (IRR=3.14, CI%95: 1.93,5.11), respectively.  In addition, according to multivariate analysis all variables except the level of education and occupation, had significant relationship with the incidence of cosmetic surgery (P<0.001).

Cosmetic surgery was related to socioeconomic and demographic factors. Given the high economic burden of this unnecessary surgery, it can be effective to emphasize on awareness-raising programs for those are more likely to undergo cosmetic surgery.

Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer. We aimed to determine the incidence rates of thyroid cancer across a 10-year period (2004-2013) in Golestan, Iran.

We obtained the thyroid cancer data from Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry (GPCR). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and reported per 100000 person-years. The Joinpoint software was used to assess time trends, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

Of 326 registered patients, 83 (25.5%) were men and 243 (74.5%) were women. The mean age was 51.3 and 42.6 years for males and females, respectively. Overall, the ASR of thyroid cancer was 2.2 per 100000 person-year (AAPC = 2.76; 95% CI: -3.68 to 9.64). The test of co-incidence showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between men (1.3) and women (3.2) (P < 0.001). According to our results, the ASR of thyroid cancer in western parts of Golestan is higher, including Gorgan and Aliabad cities.

Increasing trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer were found in the Golestan province during the study period, especially in women. We found significantly higher rates of thyroid cancer in women. Geographical diversities were seen in incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province. Our results may be helpful for designing further researches to investigate the epidemiological aspects of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most overlooked diseases in tropical areas, which can lead to many deaths and illnesses. The present study was designed to determine the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the south of Fars Province (south of Iran) during 2007-2016.

The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of all people with cutaneous leishmaniasis referring to the Center for Infectious Diseases in Larestan, Gerash, Evaz, and Khonj in the south of Fars Province during 2007-2016. The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed using the Cochrane-Armitage trend test, and the significance level was considered 5%.

In general, 4602 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were reported from 2007 to 2016. The highest and lowest incidence rates (659.1 versus 88. 3 per 100 000 people) were observed in 2008 and 2012, respectively. In addition, the incidence of the disease significantly reduced (P Trend = 0.003). Finally, the 0-4 age group had the highest incidence of the disease (69.64 per 100 000 people), and the hands were the most common organ affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (37%).

According to the research findings, the incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis is declining although leishmaniasis is still one of the endemic diseases in the region. Therefore, preventive and controlling interventional programs can be effective in reducing new cases of the disease, including the education of individuals, especially children, environmental cleanup, and extermination and control of stray dogs and rodents in the suburbs.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine glands at any age and sex. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the epidemiological status of thyroid cancer using the results of similar studies.

The present study was an epidemiological review study. Studies on the epidemiology of thyroid cancer between March 2020 and April 2020 were searched by two researchers at four Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science). Persian and Latin articles about the epidemiology of thyroid cancer were included in the study.

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide; however, this type of cancer has a good survival rate. The most important risk factors for thyroid cancer include Ionizing radiation, diet, female gender, age, genetic background and race and ethnicity.

The incidence of thyroid cancer in the world is increasing. Therefore, preventive and protective measures to reduce the risk factors of this cancer are recommended to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Malaria has been considered by health systems as one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases. In Iran, the disease has caused great economic and social damage to the country. The present study was designed to identify the epidemiological situation of malaria during 2006 to 2018 in the southern region of Fars province, southern Iran.

This is a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all people with malaria whose information was recorded at the Larestan Infectious Diseases Center from 2006 to 2018. To extract the data, a checklist was used that included information such as the total number of smears performed each year, the number of positive smears, age of the individual, sex, type of malaria species, and the month of the disease.

Out of a total of 85,201 smear tests performed to identify malaria in the region, 190 had positive smear tests. The majority of the positive cases were Afghan nationalities. Most cases of the disease were seen in 2017, 2008 and 2016, respectively. In all years, men were more likely than women to have malaria, and the highest prevalence was in the age group of 21-30  and 11-20 years, respectively.

Despite the relative decrease in malaria cases in recent decades in Larestan city,  in recent years, especially from 2014 to 2018, the increasing trend of the disease has been relatively shown again, so making active diagnosis, equipping health systems and doing more blood smears tests are necessary to reduce the prevalence of malaria in this region.

Murder is one of the public health problems. According to the WHO reports, murder is fourth leading cause of death among young people. The aim of this study was applying joint point regression model to study trend of homicide mortality in Iran, 2006-2016. Study design: A cross-sectional panel (pseudo-panel) study.

Homicide data during 2006 to 2016 were extracted from Iranian legal medicine organization. Trends of homicide incidence were summarized by annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) using non-linear segmented regression model.

Totally, 26918 homicide cases occurred during the period from 2006 to 2016. The highest and lowest frequency was related to the 15-29 yr (46.5%) and 0-4 yr (1.5%) age groups, respectively. The homicide incidence rate of the country in 2016 was 2.81 per 100,000. The four provinces of Sistan & Baluchistan, Khuzestan, Kerman and Ilam had the highest incidence rate in 2016, respectively. During the study period, the incidence rate of homicide in Iran and men have been significantly decreased (APC: -2.8% (95% CI: -3.9, -1.7) and -3.2% (95% CI: - 4.5, -1.8) respectively (P<0.001)).

The pattern of homicide rate has a downward trend in the country. Moreover, the varying observed trends in some provinces can be due to the variability in mental, geographical, socio-economic and cultural conditions in each region.