جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Occupational Therapy » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Kleefstra Syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion in chromosomal region 9q34.3 or a mutation in the EHTM1 gene. Patients with KS show a range of clinical symptoms, including delay in motor and speech development, intellectual disability, autistic-like features, childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial dysmorphic features. The patient is a 4-year-old girl who was initially diagnosed with developmental motor delay by a pediatric neurologist and referred to an occupational therapy clinic at 6 months of age. The initial assessment showed hypotonia and difficulties with rolling. Occupational therapy intervention was based on principles of neurodevelopmental treatment and sensory integration with cognitive integration and activities of daily living training. With continuous occupational therapy services over more than 3 years, she overcame many disabilities and improved in occupational performance skills such as gross and fine motor skills as well as cognitive abilities, although her verbal communication skill is not effective. The patient's progress was as follows: she began rolling over at 7 months, achieved independent sitting at 10 months, crawled at 18 months, stood with support at 20 months, and took her first steps at 26 months. The predominant problem was speech delay which was noticeable in this syndrome. When a patient is being referred because of Kleefstra syndrome, occupational therapy, and speech therapy assessments should be accurately implemented.

Learning encompasses lasting alterations in behavior stemming from experience. The sensory system receives and interprets information gathered from individual experiences, priming it for integration with other neuro-psychological facets of learning. The processes and modalities of learning, juxtaposed with sensory processing, may or may not exhibit interrelation akin to gears within a learning clock mechanism. The objective is to explore the potential correlation between the stages and styles of learning outlined by Kolb and the sensory processing patterns delineated in Dunn's model.

This correlational study involved undergraduate Occupational Therapy students from the Rehabilitation Faculty at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in Iran. In 2018, all students were invited to participate and were asked to complete two questionnaires: The Kolb Learning Styles Inventory and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Out of 83 distributed questionnaires, responses from 62 participants were included in the analysis. The collected data underwent descriptive and analytical statistical analyses using SPSS23 software.

Findings revealed no significant correlation between Kolb's Learning Steps and Learning Styles and Dunn's Sensory Processing Patterns among Iranian Occupational Therapy students (p-value>0.05). However, there was a correlation between low registration and preferred learning steps among female students (p-value=0.003).

 The findings suggest no correlation between learning steps and learning styles with sensory processing patterns overall. However, gender-based analysis indicates a potential correlation among participants exhibiting low registration sensory patterns.

This study investigated the efficacy of telerehabilitation (TR) in school-based Occupational Therapy (OT) for children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), focusing on occupational competence and parental satisfaction, aiming to contribute empirical insights to the discourse on the educational well-being of this population.

The study adopted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design involving 31 children diagnosed with SLD, implementing TR and in-person interventions alongside a control group. Outcome measures included the School Self-Concept Inventory, Child Occupational Self-Assessment (COSA), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement (COMP), analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, post hoc tests).

Both TR and in-person interventions exhibited significant enhancements in academic self-efficacy (F=23.96, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.461), occupational competence (F=70.59, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.716), and parent satisfaction (F=17.03, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.378) compared to the control group. Notably, no significant differences emerged between the TR and in-person groups, emphasizing their comparable effectiveness in improving outcomes.

In conclusion, the study demonstrated the efficacy of TR and in-person interventions in school-based OT for children with SLD. The cohesive outcomes in academic self-efficacy, occupational competence, and parental satisfaction highlight TR as a versatile modality. This research, grounded in robust methodology, encourages further exploration of TR’s transformative role in enhancing the holistic well-being of children with SLDs.

Short child occupational profile (SCOPE) screening tool is used to assess different factors of functional abilities and record the progress levels of individuals in occupational therapy interventions. This study aimed to validate a Persian version of the SCOPE test. 

This methodological research was conducted in two stages, including translation and psychometric properties. A total of 182 people aged 3-21 years were recruited using the convenience sampling method for the second stage.

The results of the content validity of the questionnaire were in acceptable ranges. The total intra-class correlation coefficient and total Cronbach's α were 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. The results of the discriminant validity between the normal and disabled groups showed significant differences between the normal and disabled groups in all items of the questionnaire.

The findings demonstrated that the Persian version of the SCOPE questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable tool.

Since cerebral palsy (CP) is a corollary to brain damage, persistent treatment should accompany an alteration in brain functional activity in line with clinical improvements. In this regard, the corpus callosum (CC), as a connecting bridge between the two hemispheres, plays an essential role.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of occupational therapy (OT) on CC functional activity and walking capacity in children with cerebral palsy.

In this clinical trial study, 4 children with CP (8.25±1.71 years) received 45 min OT sessions 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired while conducting passive motor tasks to quantify CC activation. The pre-post activation changes in CC following therapy were quantified in terms of activated voxels. Walking capacity was evaluated using the timed-up-and-go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and 10-meter walk test (10 MWT) in pre-and post-treatment.

The number of activated voxels in CC indicated significant improvement in participants. Post-treatment activated voxels substantially exceeded pre-treatment active voxels. Clinical measures, including TUG, 6 MWT, and 10 MWT are improved by 11.9%, 12.6%, and 25.4%, respectively.  

Passive task-based fMRI can detect the effects of OT on CC functional activity in children with CP. According to the results, OT improves CC functional activity in addition to gait and balance performance.

Identifying the currently-used outcome measures for clients with cerebral palsy (CP) in the Iranian occupational therapy (OT) research can declare the new trend of such researchers and identify the more focused domains regarding such individuals. Accordingly, this integrative review aims to define the utilized outcome measures for school-age children with CP in the Iranian OT research.

We conducted an integrated review of online Persian and English databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Otseeker, Cochrane, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, OVID Medline, Magiran, ISC, SID, IranMEDEX, Irandoc, and IRCT, along with the Google Scholar search engine from January 2000 to March 2021.

Out of 605 potentially relevant articles that were initially retrieved, 51 articles met the inclusion criteria, and their used outcome measure(s) was identified. A total of 42 identified outcome measure(s) were not diagnosis-specific and or child-report. A maximum of 15 tools, which assessed the motor components of CP children based on a biomedical bottom-up approach, was commonly used by the majority of studies.

Most Iranian OT studies utilized bottom-up outcome measures. Iranian OT researchers were suggested to highlight the current paradigm of OT in their research regarding school-age children with CP to comprehensively address their multiple challenges and needs according to a top-down client-centered approach.

 The evaluation of educational environments is the key to achieving a student-centered and qualified curriculum.

 This study was conducted to evaluate the educational environment in the School of Rehabilitation Sciences at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran, focused on occupational therapy (OT) students, using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire for incoming students of 8 years (2013-2020).

 This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical, and applied study was carried out on two occasions in 2017 and 2021. The students' perspectives of the 4incomings between 2013 to 2016 (group 1) and another four incomings between 2017 to 2020 (group 2) were evaluated. SPSS software (version 23) was utilized for data analysis.

 The average total score of the educational environment questionnaire for all 136 students was 102.301 ± 20.607. There was a statistically significant difference in the perception of students in these two groups. The results showed better quality in the total score of the educational environment and all subdomains of this questionnaire in group 2 with a P-value of < 0.05.

 It seems that OT students’ perception shows a semi-favorable to favorable circumstance regarding the educational environment in SUMS. The incoming OT students from 2017 to 2020 in SUMS have reported more favorable conditions in all aspects of the educational environment than the incoming students from 2013 to 2016. Students' perspectives were more negative after passing their years of studying at the university. Serious reforms in the educational environment of OT at SUMS are needed.

Due to the limited access of clients in non-urban areas to rehabilitation and the difficulty of specialized counseling in such conditions, the need for telehealth services has increased. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tele occupational therapy in common disorders of children and adolescents.  

In this systematic review study, a research method published from 2010 to 2022 focusing on the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation and its impact on children and adolescents with different physical disabilities was done in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases. 467 articles were obtained in the review, and finally, 18 articles were reviewed. 

In children with CP, Tele occupational therapy will be effective on gross motor function and balance skills, but the impact on the executive function needs more studies. In children with ASD, it will be effective on behavioral problems, but the effect on pro-social behavior needs further studies. In children and adolescents with other movement disorders, it will have an impact on the progress of their physical activity and in children and adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), it will be effective, but the effectiveness of MitiiTM programs needs further studies.  

The findings of this study showed that tele-occupational therapy could be performed in line with face-to-face occupational therapy, and it can lead to the satisfaction of families, but there is still a need to assess the effectiveness of various interventions and tools on different disorders, outcomes and settings.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly common in children and can continue lifelong. Looking at children's participation in detail is excessively important since it affects their quality of life (QoL). The Iranian children's participation assessment scale is a questionnaire that determines children's participation and is primarily built for children with cerebral palsy. This study aims to estimate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire for children with ADHD.

The content validity was estimated using the Lawshe method with 8 occupational therapy experts (5 with a PhD and 3 with a MA degree with at least 5 years of experience). Test-retest reliability was done using an intraclass correlation class (ICC) in a two-week interval among 30 children with ADHD.

Regarding content validity, CVI was found to be 1 for all items, and CVR values were between 0.75 and 1 for all items. Regarding reliability, the ICC result was 1 for all the items.

No item was omitted in the validity part, and all items showed good reliability. The test is valid and reliable for children with ADHD.

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition in children, affecting 10% of Iranian children. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affects many areas of children’s lives, especially their participation. The most important part of a child’s life is playing, which is affected by ADHD. Children with ADHD have difficulties in their playing. Play is a child’s work and the most critical occupation that a child has. However, there are a few bright protocols to improve play for the sake of play. This protocol describes interventions to improve play in children with ADHD.

 This is a double-blind clinical trial in parallel groups of children with ADHD aged 4 to 6 years. Trained occupational therapists will deliver therapy in the clinic for eight weeks during 16 sessions of 45 minutes. A follow-up assessment will be done eight weeks after the last therapy session.

 According to the results of the trial, evidence will be provided about a bright and feasible protocol for occupational therapists to address the play of children with ADHD that can have significant effects on their quality of life, play skills, and participation.

Evaluation of educational services through appropriate tools is very important. The present study was conducted to translate the Evaluation and Feedback for Effective Clinical Education (EFFECT) questionnaire from English into Persian and assess the validity and reliability of the translated version.

Initially, the EFFECT questionnaire was translated from English into Persian based on the International Quality of life Assessment (IQOLA) for cultural adaptation. To quantitatively evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire, the content validity ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were used. To assess internal consistency, ninety-four occupational therapy students completed the translated EFFECT questionnaire. To measure test-retest reliability, 35 occupational therapy students filled out the translated questionnaire again after two weeks interval.

The EFFECT scores of the items ranged from 3.95 to 4.77, all of which were at an acceptable level. The CVR scores of 48 items (necessity) were higher than 0.59. Seven items received CVR scores of less than 0.59. Fifty-one items obtained CVI scores of higher than 0.79 (clarity). Four items did not achieve a minimum acceptable score of 0.79. The test-retest reliability range of 0.75 to 0.91. The Cronbach’s alpha varied from 0.84 to 0.94, revealing a very desirable internal consistency in all seven domains. The total value of Cronbach’s alpha was 0.98.

The Persian version of the EFFECT questionnaire has good validity and reliability in occupational therapy education and can be employed as an appropriate tool to assess the quality of clinical education in occupational therapy.

 Cerebral palsy (CP) is a developmental-neurological disorder that is common in children. As children with CP have several problems and limitations regarding locomotion and mobility, accessing an assessment tool for measuring mobility is crucial.

 This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 47-item mobility questionnaire in Iranian children with cerebral palsy between 6 and 12 years of age in Tehran, Iran September 2019.

 In this psychometric study, 202 participants (84 girls and 118 boys, with a mean age of 95.92 months ± 23.73), 15 parents, and nine occupational therapists participated. A multistage sampling method was used. Content, construct, convergent, and face validity were estimated. Internal validity and test-retest reliability were studied, too. The convergent validity of MobQ was studied according to the gross motor functions classification scale (GMFCS).

 The results showed that all items of the 47-item mobility questionnaire had a content validity higher than the minimum acceptable value (0.78 for CVR and 0.79 for CVI). Further, based on the opinions of 9 experts and 15 persons completing the questionnaire, an understandable and unambiguous questionnaire was reported regarding face validity. The evaluation of the intragroup correlation coefficient's reliability in this study also showed that ICC was 0.998 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient value was 0.996. A Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.937 was obtained to assess the convergent validity of the Persian version of the "Mobility Questionnaire" and the Gross Motor Skills Classification Scale.

 The results of this study, therefore, showed that the Persian version of the 47-item mobility questionnaire had good psychometric characteristics for children with CP between 6 and 12 years of age. Therefore, this questionnaire can be suitable for measuring children's mobility in research and clinical studies.

Fatigue is one of the most frequent complaints in patients with motor neuron diseases (MNDs), with a significant impact on the quality of life (QOL). Current pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments of fatigue in this population lack enough evidence to be applied in the clinical setting. Energy conservation strategies are one of the key interventions for fatigue management in chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of applying these techniques in the fatigue management of patients with MND.

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was carried out on 28 patients with MND. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. In addition to routine treatment, patients in the intervention group participated in 3 weekly 1-hour energy conservation programs provided by an experienced occupational therapist. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score, 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were measured at baseline, immediately after the last intervention session, and one month later.

FSS and COPM significantly changed after the course in the intervention group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Both FSS and COPM improved significantly toward the final assessment only in the intervention group. The SF-36 changes were not significant in either intervention or control group.

According to the findings of the present study, using energy conservation strategies could lead to better mid-term fatigue management and occupational performance improvement, but it did not improve QOL in patients with MND.

This study aims to understand the factors that support occupational engagement of working mothers who are breast cancer survivors based on their experiences. These factors are vital for occupational therapists and other health professionals in the promotion of their health and well-being.

Using phenomenology, through in-depth interviews, this study explored experiences of mothers who survived breast cancer and have returned to work. Ten participants from ICanServe Foundation in Cebu, Philippines participated in one-on-one interviews.

Thematic analysis identified three themes: (1) Baggage and uncertainties of life with cancer, (2) Lessons on grit, and (3) Beating the odds through occupational adaptation. Findings suggest that mothers face obstacles both in the home and in the workplace.

Obstacles identified include mother-child role reversals, physical and cognitive changes, stigma and discrimination in the workplace, and fear of death and uncertainty, which indicate the need for support. Findings based on their experiences can help inform collaborative efforts from occupational therapists and professionals across disciplines to support breast cancer survivors such as maternal support groups, informing employment or workplace policies, and community opportunities.