جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Occupational Therapy" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"
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Background
In recent decades, policy changes in many countries have significantly affected the treatment of people with mental illness (MI), particularly in reducing the length of hospitalization in acute psychiatric departments. Occupational therapists, as key mental health professionals, must consider the impact of these shifts in mental health care delivery and focus on evidence-based interventions suited to the acute psychiatric setting. This review aims to examine existing studies to assess the scope and nature of research on occupational therapy interventions for acute psychiatric inpatients through a scoping review.
MethodThe scoping review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The study comprised three stages: pre-search, search, and post-search, following the scoping review methodology. A structured search was performed using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus for items published up to April 5, 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated the selected literature in two rounds of review.
ResultsArticles meeting the inclusion criteria (n=13) were incorporated into the analysis. Most publications originated from Japan, followed by the United States and Germany. For the initial days of an acute inpatient stay, especially given the unpredictability of behavior, tolerance, and unstable symptoms, short individual sessions of 20 minutes or less were generally recommended. Treatment sessions in the selected studies typically ranged from three to five days per week, with each session lasting approximately 45 minutes to 2 hours. Flexible, one-on-one intervention structures appeared beneficial in the early hospitalization phase. Four main elements of occupational therapy interventions in acute mental health were identified: individual assessment and intervention, group therapy, and discharge planning. Interventions were compared with control groups who did not participate in these activities, revealing statistically significant Personal and Social Performance Scale improvements. Using weighted blankets in sensory rooms significantly reduced distress and disruptive behaviors. Studies on MetaCognitive Training (MCT), Cognitive Remediation, and Occupational Connections (OC) demonstrated significant differences in outcomes between intervention and control groups.
ConclusionOccupational therapy interventions in acute psychiatric inpatient settings appear effective. Further studies are warranted to develop and refine these intervention methods for acute psychiatric inpatients.
Keywords: Acute Psychiatric Inpatient, Occupational Therapy, Scoping Review -
Context:
Some researchers proved new and persistent symptoms lasting for weeks and even months after COVID that is named “long-COVID” or “post-COVID syndrome.” It appears that occupational therapists (OTs) have a significant role in managing the symptoms of long COVID, with the aim of enhancing patients' ability to perform daily activities and improving their overall well-being. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review study of reputable databases to identify the various ways in which OTs can manage long COVID from the onset of symptoms.
Evidence Acquisition:
To identify relevant documents, the following databases and search engine were searched from 2019 to 2023 in the English language: PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar. Keywords used for search include (("occupational therapy") AND (("post-COVID") OR ("long-COVID"))) AND ((intervention) OR (exercise)), of which 45 articles were found, and a total of 22 were chosen according to the predetermined criteria.
ResultsA diverse array of interventions in OT can be useful for the management of post-COVID symptoms, as mentioned in the 22 studies found as the search result, including energy management education, pulmonary rehabilitation, sleep hygiene, stress and fatigue management, and work simplification.
ConclusionsOccupational Therapist offers a distinctive viewpoint on health conditions that arise in human life, and its interventions can be utilized to enhance health, self-management, and quality of life (QOL).
Keywords: Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, COVID-19, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome -
مقدمه و اهداف
عوامل فیزیکی و طراحی محیط های داخلی توانبخشی مناسب براساس شناخت محرک های حسی اوتیسم و با بررسی نوع واکنش حسی نسبت به محیط می تواند درکیفیت ارائه خدمات توانبخشی موثر واقع شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی و شناسایی وضعیت موجود و با شناخت محرکات حسی نسبت به آستانه عصبی بالاو پایین اوتیسم به منظور بهسازی و ارتقای فضاهای توانبخشی در راستای کیفیت بخشی خدمات توانبخشی بوده است.
مواد و روش هاپژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی پیمایشی است که از پرسش نامه سنجش کیفیت معماری تنظیم شده توسط محقق جهت بررسی کیفیت معماری داخلی نسبت فضای آموزشی و درمانی استفاده شد. در بررسی عوامل موثر بر کیفیت فضاهای معماری، 9 مولفه سازماندهی فضا، انعطاف پذیری فضا، امنیت و ایمنی، بافت، مصالح و مبلمان، تهویه مطبوع، رنگ، نور، آکوستیک و فضای سبز، دید و منظر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش مقطعی 32 نفر از کاردرمانگران مراکز درمانی دانشگاهی و بیمارستانی، مراکز بهزیستی، کلینیک های خصوصی مشارکت کردند. برای تبیین وضعیت موجود از آزمون t تک نمونه ای و برای بررسی میزان مقبولیت هریک از ابعاد و اولویت بندی آنان از آزمون فریدمن استفاده شده است.
یافته هانتایج حاکی از آن است که t مشاهده شده در مولفه های بافت و مصالح، نور، آکوستیک بالاتر از t جدول بوده و معنی دار می باشد بنابراین از دیدگاه پاسخگویان میزان تاثیر مولفه بافت و مصالح، نور، آکوستیک بر کیفیت معماری فضاهای اوتیسم در حد مطلوبی قرار دارد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که میانگین رتبه محاسبه شده برای مولفه سازماندهی فضا 3/72، انعطاف پذیری فضا 3/95، امنیت و ایمنی 4/75، بافت، مصالح و مبلمان 6/63، تهویه مطبوع 5/50، رنگ 5/69، نور 6/08، آکوستیک 6/45 و فضای سبز، دید و منظر 2/23 است. چون سطح معنی داری کمتر از مقدار می باشد، بنابر اطلاعات موجود فرضیه صفر رد می شود. همچنین مقدار آماره خی دو برابر با 75/863 و سطح معنی داری مطلوب برآورد شده است.
نتیجه گیرینتایج برای تبیین وضعیت موجود با رعایت مفروضات پارامتریک از آزمون t تک نمونه ای استفاده شد. همان گونه که نتایج در سطح معنی داری 0/05 با درجات آزادی بیان شده بررسی شد. میزان مطلوبیت از مولفه های کیفیت معماری فضاهای اوتیسم، متفاوت است. برای مولفه سازماندهی فضا، انعطاف پذیری فضا، امنیت و ایمنی، بافت، مصالح و مبلمان مناسب، تهویه مطبوع، رنگ، نور مناسب، آکوستیک به بهسازی نیاز است و فضای سبز، دید و منظر نامناسب بوده است. درنتیجه با باسازی و طراحی فضاهای توانبخشی برای کودکان که مبتنی بر شرایط حسی و حساسیت های آن ها باشد حائز اهمیت است.
کلید واژگان: اوتیسم, مراکز توانبخشی, کاردرمانی, معماریBackground and AimsPhysical factors and the appropriate interior design of rehabilitation centers can be effective in the quality of rehabilitation services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the interior design quality of rehabilitation centers in Iran for children with ASD to improve the quality of rehabilitation services for children.
MethodsIn this descriptive survey study, 32 occupational therapists from universities, hospitals, welfare organizations, and private clinics participated. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the quality of architecture in rehabilitation centers in nine domains of space organization, space flexibility, security/safety, texture/materials/furniture, air conditioning, color, light, acoustics, and green space/view/landscape. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 22 using the one-sample t-test. To rank the dimensions, Friedman's test was used.
ResultsThe results of the t-test showed that only the design parameters of texture/materials/furniture, light, and green space/view/landscape had a significant on the quality of rehabilitation services. The ranking test results showed that the mean ranks for the space organization component was 3.72; for space flexibility, 3.95; for security/safety, 4.75; for texture/materials/furniture, 6.63; for air conditioning, 5.50; for color, 5.69; for light, 6.08; for acoustics, 6.45; and for green space/view/landscape, 2.23. Based on the chi-square test results (P< 0.05, χ2=75.863), there was a significant difference in the degree of desirability between the architecture components.
ConclusionThe rehabilitation centers for children with ASD in Iran need to be improved in terms of space organization, space flexibility, security/safety, air conditioning, color, and acoustics. =
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Rehabilitation Centers, Occupational Therapy, Architecture -
Background
There is uncertainty in identifying which aspects of functioning should be prioritized in the clinical brief assessment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Brief ICF category sets specify the essential aspects of functioning that should be addressed in such assessments.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop five brief ICF category sets based on the functional limitations of children with CP, as viewed by Iranian occupational therapists (OTs).
MethodsThis cross-sectional, multi-method study was conducted from January to May 2022 in Iran. Nineteen OTs were recruited through purposive sampling for a Delphi process, and ten OTs through snowball sampling for an expert panel, all experienced in CP and ICF. The Delphi involved two rounds of electronic surveys, where participants identified categories that should be minimally addressed in brief assessments of children aged 6 - 12 with CP based on their functional limitations. The content validity of these sets was then quantitatively evaluated by the expert panel.
ResultsMost confirmed categories in the gross and fine motor brief sets pertained to body structure and function, while those in the eating-and-drinking and communication-function brief sets related to cognition and motor reflexes. Categories in the visual function brief set mostly pertained to activity, participation, and environmental factors. Content validity ratio (CVR) and item-content validity indexes (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1 across all categories/brief sets, with scale-content validity index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) ranging from 0.95 to 0.98.
ConclusionsThese functional-based ICF brief sets are the first developed for children with CP in this age group and provide occupational therapists with tools to address crucial aspects of functioning, tailored to specific functional limitations. However, cultural biases and the generalizability of these brief sets remain limitations.
Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Child, International Classification Of Functioning Disability, Health, Occupational Therapy -
Background
Assessment tools are essential in occupational therapy for providing client-centered care, clinical decision-making, evidence-based documentation, and defining expected outcomes. This study investigated available occupational therapy assessment tools for children and adolescents in Iran.
MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar from their inception until May 24, 2022. Two reviewers screened records and applied inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles in English or Persian, covering children and adolescents aged 0-18 years old in Iran. The methodological quality of each study and the evidence quality of each measurement tool was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias Checklist, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
ResultsA review of 66 articles published between 2010 and 2021, identified 51 assessment tools. The majority of tools (70.7%) targeted typically developing children and those with cerebral palsy, with limited options for adolescents (n=5) and infants (n=1). These tools primarily focused on assessing body functions (47.06%), particularly sensory-motor functions. While numerous tools demonstrated good reliability (66.67%) and significant content validity (31.37%), there was a paucity of high-quality evidence supporting other psychometric properties.
ConclusionThis study identified 51 occupational therapy assessment tools for Iranian children and adolescents. However, the present research identified some concerning trends, such as lack of tools available for specific populations, an overreliance on translated tools, and a predominant focus on body functions. Moreover, there were concerns about the methodological quality of studies using these tools.
Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Documentation, Psychometrics, Child, Adolescent -
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that can impact daily activities.
ObjectivesActivity-based interventions, particularly when combined with motivational strategies, may enhance upper extremity function and participation in people with PD.
MethodsThis study will include forty-five patients with PD aged 35 to 85 years, categorized as stages I to III according to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale. Patients will be recruited from neurological and rehabilitation centers and randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: Activity-based interventions with motivational strategy, activity-based interventions without motivational strategy, and conventional interventions. All participants will undergo a 24-session intervention, three times a week. The study will assess various outcomes at multiple time points, including baseline, session 10, session 18, post-intervention (week 9), and follow-up (week 17). Primary outcome measures will focus on motor control of the upper extremity and participation, while secondary outcome measures will include cognitive function and quality of life.
ResultsThis proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the potential beneficial effects of activity-based interventions, combined with motivational strategies, on upper extremity function and participation in activities of daily living (ADLs) for individuals with PD.
ConclusionsThe expected outcome of this study is to provide valuable insights that can assist occupational therapists in making informed decisions regarding intervention plans for people with PD.
Keywords: Activities Of Daily Living, Occupational Therapy, Parkinson’S Disease, Upper Extremity, Patient Participation -
Aims
New developments in artificial intelligence (AI) provide bright prospects to transform therapy approaches and enhance results for people with a range of abilities. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the applications of AI in occupational therapy (OT).
Instrument & MethodsWe looked for literature on February 18, 2024, using the databases from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for reporting on the evidence from the studies that were a part of this systematic review. English-language studies that investigated the use of AI in OT were included in this study.
FindingsTotally, 6 eligible studies were included in this review. AI approaches used in studies include artificial neural networks, multi-core learning models, deep learning models, machine learning models, and classification and regression trees. All the studies had promising results from the use of AI in evaluating and predicting return to work, relief of symptoms, recovery of social function, reduction of disease recurrence, improvement of re-employment rate, and overall health level of patients.
ConclusionThis study provided an overview of AI applications in OT. The evidence from this review showed that potential of using AI models to predict patients' return to work and problems. One of the most common problems with these models was their low accuracy and the possibility of mistakes. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies investigate barriers and facilitators to improve the prediction accuracy of AI models in OT.
Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Occupational Rehabilitation, Artificial Intelligence, AI -
Kleefstra Syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion in chromosomal region 9q34.3 or a mutation in the EHTM1 gene. Patients with KS show a range of clinical symptoms, including delay in motor and speech development, intellectual disability, autistic-like features, childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial dysmorphic features. The patient is a 4-year-old girl who was initially diagnosed with developmental motor delay by a pediatric neurologist and referred to an occupational therapy clinic at 6 months of age. The initial assessment showed hypotonia and difficulties with rolling. Occupational therapy intervention was based on principles of neurodevelopmental treatment and sensory integration with cognitive integration and activities of daily living training. With continuous occupational therapy services over more than 3 years, she overcame many disabilities and improved in occupational performance skills such as gross and fine motor skills as well as cognitive abilities, although her verbal communication skill is not effective. The patient's progress was as follows: she began rolling over at 7 months, achieved independent sitting at 10 months, crawled at 18 months, stood with support at 20 months, and took her first steps at 26 months. The predominant problem was speech delay which was noticeable in this syndrome. When a patient is being referred because of Kleefstra syndrome, occupational therapy, and speech therapy assessments should be accurately implemented.
Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Case Report, Kleefstra Syndrome, EHMT1 Gene -
Background
Learning encompasses lasting alterations in behavior stemming from experience. The sensory system receives and interprets information gathered from individual experiences, priming it for integration with other neuro-psychological facets of learning. The processes and modalities of learning, juxtaposed with sensory processing, may or may not exhibit interrelation akin to gears within a learning clock mechanism. The objective is to explore the potential correlation between the stages and styles of learning outlined by Kolb and the sensory processing patterns delineated in Dunn's model.
MethodsThis correlational study involved undergraduate Occupational Therapy students from the Rehabilitation Faculty at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in Iran. In 2018, all students were invited to participate and were asked to complete two questionnaires: The Kolb Learning Styles Inventory and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Out of 83 distributed questionnaires, responses from 62 participants were included in the analysis. The collected data underwent descriptive and analytical statistical analyses using SPSS23 software.
ResultsFindings revealed no significant correlation between Kolb's Learning Steps and Learning Styles and Dunn's Sensory Processing Patterns among Iranian Occupational Therapy students (p-value>0.05). However, there was a correlation between low registration and preferred learning steps among female students (p-value=0.003).
ConclusionThe findings suggest no correlation between learning steps and learning styles with sensory processing patterns overall. However, gender-based analysis indicates a potential correlation among participants exhibiting low registration sensory patterns.
Keywords: Education, Learning, Occupational Therapy, Sensation, Students -
Objective
This study investigated the efficacy of telerehabilitation (TR) in school-based Occupational Therapy (OT) for children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), focusing on occupational competence and parental satisfaction, aiming to contribute empirical insights to the discourse on the educational well-being of this population.
Materials & MethodsThe study adopted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design involving 31 children diagnosed with SLD, implementing TR and in-person interventions alongside a control group. Outcome measures included the School Self-Concept Inventory, Child Occupational Self-Assessment (COSA), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement (COMP), analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, post hoc tests).
ResultsBoth TR and in-person interventions exhibited significant enhancements in academic self-efficacy (F=23.96, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.461), occupational competence (F=70.59, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.716), and parent satisfaction (F=17.03, p<0.001, Partial ȵ²=0.378) compared to the control group. Notably, no significant differences emerged between the TR and in-person groups, emphasizing their comparable effectiveness in improving outcomes.
ConclusionIn conclusion, the study demonstrated the efficacy of TR and in-person interventions in school-based OT for children with SLD. The cohesive outcomes in academic self-efficacy, occupational competence, and parental satisfaction highlight TR as a versatile modality. This research, grounded in robust methodology, encourages further exploration of TR’s transformative role in enhancing the holistic well-being of children with SLDs.
Keywords: Specific Learning Disorder, Occupational Therapy, Telerehabilitation, School Mental Health Services -
هدف:
اجرای برنامه های توانبخشی زودهنگام مبتنی بر شواهد در بهبود توانایی های حرکتی نوزادان زودرس از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. شواهد درمورد مداخلات توانبخشی در بهبود رشد حرکتی نوزادان زودرس، متنوع و پراکنده است و ناهمگونی در نوع، مقدار و زمان مداخلات درمانی وجود دارد. بنابراین هدف از انجام این مطالعه مروری، شناسایی انواع مداخلات توانبخشی (کاردرمانی و فیزیوتراپی) در بهبود مهارت های حرکتی نوزدان بستری در بخش مراقبت های ویژه بود.
روش بررسی :
این یک مطالعه مرور حوزه ای است. مطالعات پژوهشی موجود از پایگاه های اسکوپوس، پاب مد، وب آو ساینس و موتور جست وجوی گوگل اسکالر جمع آوری شدند. معیارهای ورود شامل مقالاتی بود که به زبان انگلیسی و فارسی چاپ شده باشند، موضوع اصلی مطالعات مداخله ای توانبخشی (کاردرمانی و فیزیوتراپی) زودهنگام بر بهبود مهارت های حرکتی نوزادان زودرس در بخش مراقبت های ویژه نوزادان باشد و در بازه زمانی سال های 2000 تا 2023 به چاپ رسیده باشند. بعد از انتخاب کلیدواژه ها، مقالات یافت شده در یک جست وجوی سازمان یافته با معیارهای ورود مطابقت داده شدند و درنهایت مطالعات مدنظر انتخاب شدند.
یافته ها:
از میان مطالعات بررسی شده، 15 مطالعه معیارهای ورود را داشتند. از میان مطالعات موجود، 7 مطالعه مربوط به مداخلات چندحسی و 2 مطالعه مربوط به مداخلات چندوجهی بود. همچنین 2 مطالعه مربوط به مداخلات عصبی رشدی، 2 مطالعه مربوط به مداخلات اجراشونده توسط والدین و 2 مطالعه مربوط به مداخلات پشتیبانی از اکتشاف بازی مداخله رشدی زودهنگام بود.
نتیجه گیری :
براساس یافته های موجود در این پژوهش و جلساتی که با کارشناسان در این حوزه برگزار شد، توانستیم مداخلات توانبخشی زودهنگام مهارت های حرکتی نوزادان زودرس را در 4 گروه: 1) مداخلات چندوجهی و چندحسی، 2) مداخلات عصبی رشدی، 3) مداخلات اجراشونده توسط والدین و 4) مداخلات پشتیبانی از اکتشاف بازی مداخله رشدی زودهنگام طبقه بندی کنیم. اکثر مطالعات شامل مداخلاتی بودند که در مدت زمان کوتاهی انجام شده بودند و تاثیر کوتاه مدت را بر بهبود حرکتی گزارش کردند. فقط مداخله پشتیبانی از اکتشاف بازی بعد از ترخیص ادامه داشت و شکاف مداخلات زودهنگام از بخش مراقبت های ویژه نوزادان به خانه را پوشش می داد و بهبود رشد حرکتی را در کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت (6 و 12ماهگی) گزارش کرده بود.
کلید واژگان: نوزادان زودرس, فیزیوتراپی, کاردرمانی, مداخلات زودهنگام, تحریکات حسی, بازیObjectiveThe implementation of early rehabilitation programs based on evidence to improve the movement abilities of preterm infants is of particular importance. The evidence about rehabilitation interventions in improving the motor development of preterm infants is diverse and scattered and there is heterogeneity in the type, dose and time of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review study is to identify the types of rehabilitation interventions (occupational therapy and physiotherapy) in improving the motor skills of infants hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
Materials & MethodsThis is a scoping review study. Research studies and indexed in scientific databases including were available in PubMed/Web of Science/Scopus or retrieved by Google Scholar search engine were searched and reviewed. Inclusion criteria included the report of studies in English and Persian papers published from 2000 to 2023 that were mainly focused and the main subject of early rehabilitation intervention studies (occupational therapy and physiotherapy) on the development of neuromotor skills of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. After selecting the keywords and organized search, the found articles were matched with the entry criteria and finally considered studies were selected.
ResultsAmong the reviewed studies, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the available studies, 7 studies related to multi-modal interventions and 2 studies related to multi-sensory intervention .2 studies related to neuro-developmental interventions. 2 studies related to interventions implemented by parents –administered. 2 studies related to interventions supporting play exploration and early developmental intervention.
ConclusionBased on the findings of this research and the meetings held with experts in this field, we were able to organize early rehabilitation interventions for motor skills of preterm infants in 4 groups: 1) multimodal and multisensory interventions 2) neurodevelopmental interventions 3) parents-administered interventions 4) supporting play exploration and early developmental intervention to categorize. In this way, all types of therapeutic interventions in improving motor skills of infants were identified. Most of the studies included interventions that were performed in a short period of time and reported short-term effects on motor improvement. Only the supportive play exploration intervention continued after discharge and bridged the gap of early NICU-to-home interventions and reported improved motor development in the short- and long-term (6, 12 months).
Keywords: Preterm infants, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, Early intervention, Sensory stimulation, Play -
Objectives
Short child occupational profile (SCOPE) screening tool is used to assess different factors of functional abilities and record the progress levels of individuals in occupational therapy interventions. This study aimed to validate a Persian version of the SCOPE test.
MethodsThis methodological research was conducted in two stages, including translation and psychometric properties. A total of 182 people aged 3-21 years were recruited using the convenience sampling method for the second stage.
ResultsThe results of the content validity of the questionnaire were in acceptable ranges. The total intra-class correlation coefficient and total Cronbach's α were 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. The results of the discriminant validity between the normal and disabled groups showed significant differences between the normal and disabled groups in all items of the questionnaire.
DiscussionThe findings demonstrated that the Persian version of the SCOPE questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable tool.
Keywords: Occupational Performance, Psychometrics, Assessment, Occupational Therapy -
Background
Since cerebral palsy (CP) is a corollary to brain damage, persistent treatment should accompany an alteration in brain functional activity in line with clinical improvements. In this regard, the corpus callosum (CC), as a connecting bridge between the two hemispheres, plays an essential role.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of occupational therapy (OT) on CC functional activity and walking capacity in children with cerebral palsy.
Material and MethodsIn this clinical trial study, 4 children with CP (8.25±1.71 years) received 45 min OT sessions 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired while conducting passive motor tasks to quantify CC activation. The pre-post activation changes in CC following therapy were quantified in terms of activated voxels. Walking capacity was evaluated using the timed-up-and-go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and 10-meter walk test (10 MWT) in pre-and post-treatment.
ResultsThe number of activated voxels in CC indicated significant improvement in participants. Post-treatment activated voxels substantially exceeded pre-treatment active voxels. Clinical measures, including TUG, 6 MWT, and 10 MWT are improved by 11.9%, 12.6%, and 25.4%, respectively.
ConclusionPassive task-based fMRI can detect the effects of OT on CC functional activity in children with CP. According to the results, OT improves CC functional activity in addition to gait and balance performance.
Keywords: cerebral palsy, corpus callosum, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, occupational therapy -
مقدمه و اهداف در افراد مبتلا به اختلالات شدید روانی، مشکلات خواب، مانند بی خوابی شایع است. مداخلات بهبود خواب، به عنوان بخشی از خدمات ارائه شده توسط کاردرمانگران می تواند برای پیشگیری اولیه و ارتقای سلامتی به کار گرفته شود. هدف از این مرور حوزه ای، بررسی شواهد موجود در زمینه مداخلات خواب در حوزه کاردرمانی برای افراد مبتلا به اختلالات شدید روانی است.مواد و روش ها در این مرور حوزه ای که بر اساس روش آرکسی و اومالی انجام شد، 8 پایگاه داده آنلاین (بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور، پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران، گوگل اسکالر، پابمد، کتابخانه کوکران، اسکوپوس، وب آو ساینس، ات سیکر و سای اینفو) برای شناسایی مقالاتی که به مداخلات خواب در افراد مبتلا به اختلالات شدید روانی پرداخته بود ند، جست وجو شدند. مقالات بر اساس معیارهای ورود و خروج انتخاب شدند. 2 ارزیاب همه اسناد را به طور مستقل بررسی کردند. مقالات با توجه به مداخلات خواب طبقه بندی شدند.یافته ها 32 مطالعه مشخص شدند. 4 حوزه مداخلات خواب به وضوح با چارچوب بالینی کاردرمانی مطابقت دارد که شامل درمان رفتاری شناختی برای بی خوابی (12 مطالعه)، فعالیت بدنی (7 مطالعه)، مداخلات ترکیبی (5 مطالعه) و سایر مداخلات (8 مطالعه) است.نتیجه گیری نتایج نشان داد مداخلات خواب باعث بهبود کیفیت خواب و سلامت در بیماران روانی شدید می شود. کاردرمانگران حوزه بالینی و تحقیقی باید برای ایجاد شواهد برای مداخلات خواب مبتنی بر آکوپیشن تلاش کنند.
کلید واژگان: اختلالات شدید روانی, مداخلات خواب, کاردرمانی, مرور حوزه ایBackground and Aims Sleep problems such as insomnia are common in individuals with severe mental disorders. The sleep-enhancing interventions provided by occupational therapists can be used for primary prevention and health promotion. This study aims to explore the existing evidence on occupation-based sleep interventions for individuals with severe mental disorders.Methods This is a scoping review, conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’ five-step method. A search was first conducted in eight online databases (MagIran, SID, IranDoc, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science , OT seeker, Psych INFO) to find articles that addressed sleep interventions for individuals with severe mental disorders Two raters reviewed all articles independently. Articles were categorized according to the type of sleep interventions.Results Thirty-two studies were reviewed. Four categories of occupation-based sleep interventions were extracted, including cognitive behavioral therapy (n=12), physical activity (n=7), multicomponent interventions (n=5), and other interventions (n=8).Conclusion The occupation-based sleep interventions can improve sleep quality and health in people with severe mental disorders. Occupational therapists and clinicians need to conduct more studies to provide evidence for occupation-based sleep interventions.
Keywords: Severe mental disorders, sleep interventions, occupational therapy, scoping review -
هدف
از جمله عواملی که بر فعالیت های کاردرمانان در کمک به مراجعان برای انتخاب فعالیت های هدفمند و تعریف عملکرد کاری بهینه تاثیر دارد بافتار فرهنگی جامعه است. این ساختار فرهنگی در کشورهای اسلامی تا حدود زیادی متاثر از اعتقادات مذهبی حاکم بر جامعه است. کمتر تاثیر فرهنگ اسلامی بر عملکرد کاری مراجعان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه به مرور مقالات مربوط به ارتباط بافتار فرهنگ اسلامی و عملکرد کاری مراجعان در کشور های اسلامی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای آشکار پرداخته است. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه تبیین تاثیرات فرهنگ اسلامی بر عملکرد کاری مراجعان کاردرمانی در کشورهای اسلامی است.
روش بررسی46 مطالعه با استفاده از کلید واژه های occupational therapy، Muslims و Islamic culture تا قبل از سال 2022 انتخاب اولیه شدند و مقالاتی که بی ارتباط با کاردرمانی بودند و در مورد اسلام و فرهنگ اسلامی نبودند، حذف شدند. در نهایت 20 مطالعه انتخاب و تجزیه و تحلیل کیفی شدند.
یافته هاتجزیه و تحلیل مطالعات استخراجی به پیدایش مضمون ها و طبقات مختلفی منجر شده است که مضمون نکات مثبت دارای طبقات اهمیت ساختار متحد خانواده ها، اهمیت مذهب در کمک به مراجعان، اهمیت نماز به عنوان یک فعالیت هدفمند و مضمون چالش ها دارای طبقات درمان های سنتی بدون شواهد بالینی، اهمیت رعایت اصل محرم بودن در ارتباطات بین فردی، اعتقادات خاص در علیت بیماری، محدودیت در ادا کردن نماز، چالش های فرهنگی و محلی، تردید در پذیرش فلسفه کاردرمانی هستند.
نتیجه گیریاسلام با توجه ویژه به ساختار و حفظ ارتباطات خانواده و ایجاد اعتقادات و باورهای مثبت در بین جامعه توانسته تا حد زیادی باعث تسهیل روند کاردرمانی و عملکرد کاری مراجعان شود، ولی در بافتار فرهنگ اسلامی موانع زیادی نیز به چشم می خورند که این چالش ها متاسفانه باعث ایجاد محدودیت در ارتباطات بین فردی و پذیرش فلسفه کاردرمانی می شوند. کاردرمانگران می توانند از نکات مثبت جهت بهبود عملکرد مراجعان استفاده کنند. جهت برطرف کردن چالش ها نیاز است تحقیقات زیادی جهت ارایه راهکارهای لازم انجام شود.
کلید واژگان: کاردرمانی, فرهنگ, اسلام, آنالیز محتواObjectiveOne of the important factors in choosing purposeful activities and defining the occupational performance of people is the cultural context in the society, which may have different effects in the lives of clients in Islamic countries. This cultural structure in Islamic countries is largely influenced by the religious beliefs that govern the society. The effect of Islamic culture on the occupational performance of clients has been studied less. This study deals with the review of articles related to the relationship between the context of Islamic culture and the occupational performance of clients in Islamic countries using the explicit content analysis method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the effects of Islamic culture on the occupational performance of occupational therapy clients in Islamic countries.
Materials & MethodsThe number of 46 studies using the keywords occupational therapy, Muslims and Islamic culture were initially selected until 2022 and the articles that were unrelated to occupational therapy and were not about Islam and Islamic culture were removed which finally reduced to 20 studies and then, they were subjected to qualitative analysis.
ResultsThe analysis of extractive studies has led to the emergence of different themes and categories, the theme of positive points has categories (importance of united family structure), (importance of religion in helping clients), (importance of pray as a purposeful activity) and theme challenges have categories (traditional treatments without clinical evidence), (importance of respecting the principle of Mahram in interpersonal communication), (specific beliefs in the cause of illness), (restrictions on praying), (cultural and local challenges), (hesitation in accepting occupational therapy philosophy).
ConclusionIn fact, Islam, with its influence on the family structure and the creation of positive beliefs and beliefs among the society, has been able to facilitate the process of occupational therapy and rehabilitation of clients to a great extent, but in the context of Islamic culture, there are many obstacles that unfortunately cause limitations. They are in interpersonal communication and acceptance of occupational therapy philosophy. Occupational therapists can use the opportunities to improve the client's performance, and in order to solve the challenges, it is necessary to do a lot of research to provide the necessary solutions.
Keywords: Occupational therapy, Culture, Islam, Content analysis -
مقدمه و اهداف
اهمیت مشارکت توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است و این مفهوم در سیاست ارایه خدمات بهداشتی گنجانده شده است. در پژوهش ها به اثرات مثبت مشارکت در مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن در بیماران مبتلا به اختلالات شدید روانی ازجمله اسکیزوفرنی در بخش های حاد و بستری اشاره شده است. هدف مقاله حاضر، مروری بر مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن در بیماران مبتلا به اختلالات شدید روانی است.
مواد و روش هانوع این مطالعه مرور روایتی است. جست وجو در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی گوگل اسکالر، پابمد، ساینس دایرکت، اسکوپوس، کاکرین، مدلاین، سای اینفو و ات سیکر با کلیدواژه های Severe mental disorder, Serious mental illness, Schizophrenia, Major depression disorder, bipolar disorder, Occupational therapy, Occupation, Occupation-based intervention بدون محدودیت سال انجام شد. عنوان و چکیده 480 مقاله بررسی شدند.
یافته هاتعداد 12 مطالعه در مرور وارد شدند. 2 مطالعه درزمینه مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن در بیماران با اختلالات روان پزشکی بستری، 5 مطالعه درزمینه مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن در بیماران سرپایی و 5 مطالعه در حوزه این مداخلات در بیماران با اختلالات روان پزشکی سرپایی و بستری بوده است. از بین آن ها یکی از این مطالعات به بررسی چالش های موجود در مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن پرداخته است.
نتیجه گیریبه نظر می رسد مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن در بیماران شدید روانی در بخش های بستری و سرپایی بیشتر به هدف کاهش علایم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته اند و کمتر اثربخشی این مداخلات جهت حفظ و یا ارتقای عملکرد آکوپیشنی در این جمعیت در نظر گرفته شده است. در طراحی این مداخلات، بیشتر از مدل کانادایی کاردرمانی و مدل بهبودی استفاده شده است. درنهایت برای رسیدن به نتایج بهتر توان بخشی روانی اجتماعی و در جایی که مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشن به افزایش کیفیت زندگی منجر می شود، باید به حل چالش ها در این حوزه پرداخته شود.
کلید واژگان: بیماران شدید روانی, کاردرمانی, مداخلات مبتنی بر آکوپیشنBackground and AimsThe importance of participatory health governance has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization. Studies have shown the positive effects of participation in occupation-based intervention in patients with severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, in outpatient and inpatient wards. The purpose of this article is to review the studies on occupation-based interventions in patients with severe mental disorders.
MethodsThis is a narrative review study. A search for related articles was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OTseeker, PsycInfo databases using the keywords “severe mental disorder”, “serious mental illness”, “schizophrenia”, “Major depression disorder”, “Bipolar disorder”, “Occupational therapy”, Occupation”, and “Occupation-based intervention” without the time limitation. Titles and abstracts of 480 yielded articles were examined.
ResultsTwelve articles were reviewed; Two were related to occupation-based interventions in psychiatric inpatients, five were related to occupation-based interventions in outpatients, and five were related to occupation-based interventions in both inpatients and outpatients. Among these articles, one studied the challenges of using occupation-based interventions.
ConclusionIt seems that occupation-based interventions in inpatients and outpatients with mental illness have been used more to reduce symptoms, and less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of these interventions in maintaining and or improving occupational performance in these patients. The Canadian model of occupational performance and the recovery framework have been used in the design of these interventions. To achieve better results in psychosocial rehabilitation where occupation-based interventions lead to an increase in quality of life, the challenges in this area should be solved.
Keywords: Severe mental disorders, occupational therapy, Occupation-based interventions -
Introduction
Identifying the currently-used outcome measures for clients with cerebral palsy (CP) in the Iranian occupational therapy (OT) research can declare the new trend of such researchers and identify the more focused domains regarding such individuals. Accordingly, this integrative review aims to define the utilized outcome measures for school-age children with CP in the Iranian OT research.
Materials and MethodsWe conducted an integrated review of online Persian and English databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Otseeker, Cochrane, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, OVID Medline, Magiran, ISC, SID, IranMEDEX, Irandoc, and IRCT, along with the Google Scholar search engine from January 2000 to March 2021.
ResultsOut of 605 potentially relevant articles that were initially retrieved, 51 articles met the inclusion criteria, and their used outcome measure(s) was identified. A total of 42 identified outcome measure(s) were not diagnosis-specific and or child-report. A maximum of 15 tools, which assessed the motor components of CP children based on a biomedical bottom-up approach, was commonly used by the majority of studies.
ConclusionMost Iranian OT studies utilized bottom-up outcome measures. Iranian OT researchers were suggested to highlight the current paradigm of OT in their research regarding school-age children with CP to comprehensively address their multiple challenges and needs according to a top-down client-centered approach.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Outcomeassessment, Children, Occupational therapy -
Background
The evaluation of educational environments is the key to achieving a student-centered and qualified curriculum.
ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the educational environment in the School of Rehabilitation Sciences at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran, focused on occupational therapy (OT) students, using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire for incoming students of 8 years (2013-2020).
MethodsThis cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical, and applied study was carried out on two occasions in 2017 and 2021. The students' perspectives of the 4incomings between 2013 to 2016 (group 1) and another four incomings between 2017 to 2020 (group 2) were evaluated. SPSS software (version 23) was utilized for data analysis.
ResultsThe average total score of the educational environment questionnaire for all 136 students was 102.301 ± 20.607. There was a statistically significant difference in the perception of students in these two groups. The results showed better quality in the total score of the educational environment and all subdomains of this questionnaire in group 2 with a P-value of < 0.05.
ConclusionsIt seems that OT students’ perception shows a semi-favorable to favorable circumstance regarding the educational environment in SUMS. The incoming OT students from 2017 to 2020 in SUMS have reported more favorable conditions in all aspects of the educational environment than the incoming students from 2013 to 2016. Students' perspectives were more negative after passing their years of studying at the university. Serious reforms in the educational environment of OT at SUMS are needed.
Keywords: Education, Environment, Students, Program Evaluation, Occupational Therapy -
Background
Due to the limited access of clients in non-urban areas to rehabilitation and the difficulty of specialized counseling in such conditions, the need for telehealth services has increased. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tele occupational therapy in common disorders of children and adolescents.
MethodsIn this systematic review study, a research method published from 2010 to 2022 focusing on the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation and its impact on children and adolescents with different physical disabilities was done in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases. 467 articles were obtained in the review, and finally, 18 articles were reviewed.
ResultsIn children with CP, Tele occupational therapy will be effective on gross motor function and balance skills, but the impact on the executive function needs more studies. In children with ASD, it will be effective on behavioral problems, but the effect on pro-social behavior needs further studies. In children and adolescents with other movement disorders, it will have an impact on the progress of their physical activity and in children and adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), it will be effective, but the effectiveness of MitiiTM programs needs further studies.
ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that tele-occupational therapy could be performed in line with face-to-face occupational therapy, and it can lead to the satisfaction of families, but there is still a need to assess the effectiveness of various interventions and tools on different disorders, outcomes and settings.
Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Telerehabilitation, Children, Cerebral Palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorder -
مقدمه
این مطالعه به منظور بررسی عوامل موثر در الگوهای پردازش حسی و همچنین تعیین الگوی پردازش حس های مختلف نوزادان نارس یک تا شش ماهه طراحی و اجرا گردید.
روش هادر یک مطالعه ی مقطعی در سال 1400، تعداد 79 شیرخوار با سن تصحیح شده کمتر از 6 ماه و سابقه ی بستری چند روز تا یک ماه در بخش مراقبت های ویژه ی نوزادان از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس، توسط پرسش نامه ی «نمیرخ حسی شیرخواری» با اعتبار محتوایی (0/95) و پایایی (0/95-0/72) دارای 25 سوال با 6 خرده مقیاس پردازش عمومی، پردازش شنیداری، پردازش دیداری، پردازش لامسه، پردازش حرکتی و پردازش دهانی و یک نمره ی کلی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.
یافته هانمره ی کلی پرسش نامه با میانگین 19/08 ± 52/6 نشان داد که پردازش حسی در 54/4 درصد شیرخواران غیرطبیعی است. همچنین بین الگوهای پردازش حسی با سن تقویمی، سن جنینی، وزن هنگام تولد و مدت زمان بستری ارتباط معنی داری وجود داشت. به طوری که دو گروه نوزادان با کمتر از 1 هفته بستری و بیشتر از 2 هفته بستری، در پردازش حس لامسه تفاوت معنی داری داشتند. همچنین در نوزادانی با سن تقویمی کمتر از یک ماه و بین 1 تا 6 ماه، پردازش شنیداری، لامسه و دهانی تفاوت معنی داری داشت. نمره ی کل پردازش حسی نیز در نوزادان با هفته ی جنینی کمتر از 32 و بیشتر از 32 تفاوت معنی داری نشان داد.
نتیجه گیریبه نظر می رسد افزایش مدت بستری، نوزاد را برای مدت بیشتری در معرض دریافت حس های متعارض با رشد و تکامل قرار می دهد.
کلید واژگان: دریافت حسی, شنیدن, لمس کردن, نوزاد, تولد نارس, کاردرمانیBackgroundThe study was designed to determine influential factors of sensory processing patterns and describe the pattern in neonates from birth to 6-month-old with premature birth.
MethodsIn a cross-sectional study in 2021, 79 neonates from birth to 6 months (corrected age) who were hospitalized for a few days to 1 month, were recruited by the simple sampling method. Their sensory processing patterns were evaluated by sensory profile2-birth-to 6 months with 6 sub-scales of general, auditory, visual, and tactile, movement; and oral processing in 25 questions. The validity and reliability of the sensory profile were (0.95) and (0.72-0.95).
FindingsThe Mean of the total score (52.6 ± 19.08) showed that the sensory processing pattern of 54.4% of participants was abnormal. There was a significant relationship between sensory processing and sensory pattern with gestational age, birth weight, chronological, age, and the time of stay in the care unit. Tactile processing, pattern was significantly different between neonates, according to the time of hospitalization less than 1 week and more than 2 weeks. There are no significant differences between sensory processing patterns and gender, gestational age, and birth weight. The mean of Auditory, tactile and oral processing was different between the 2 groups of infants; less than 1-month chronological age and more than 1-month age. The total score of sensory profiles showed significant differences between infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks and more than 32 weeks.
ConclusionThe length of stay Infants was exposed to disadvantageous sensory stimulation for a long time which contribute to early development.
Keywords: Sensation, Hearing, Touch, Occupational therapy, Infant, Premature birth
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