A Review of the Ethical and Legal Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in the Health System

Today, artificial intelligencetechnologies can provide incredible benefits to the health system. While artificial intelligence has a significant capacity to improve the performance of the health system, it is accompanied by challenges that sometimes lead to damages the health system. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to review the ethical and legal challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the health system.

This research is a review study. To collect data, evidence wassearched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keywords artificial intelligence, medical ethics, health rights, health care and human dignity.

In all the stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Based on the findings of the present research, several items can be mentioned regarding ethical challenges: trust in artificial intelligence, violation of human dignity in artificial intelligence, observing the principle of individual independence and its rules, artificial intelligence in diagnosing the completion of treatment, and artificial intelligence and emotional functioning. The legal challenges include the standardizationof artificial intelligence in medicine, artificial intelligence and civil liability, artificial intelligence and the physician’s warranty, artificial intelligence and the breach of data confidentiality, and artificial intelligence and cyber security.

While using artificial intelligence technologies to provide healthcare and medical services, decisions should be made based on respect for human dignity and observing ethical and legal principles, rules and regulations. Any AI-based technology which is considered for use in healthcare and the health system must be efficient, safe, standardized and regulated. Such technologies can only be efficient if they are implemented in healthcare and medical services along with monitoring and evaluation.