مجله علوم مراقبتی نظامی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

Lack of social adjustment and experiential avoidance is attributed to many disorders and behavioral problems. The current study aimed at determining the effect of emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (ECBT) on social adjustment and experiential avoidance in Iranian disabled veterans.

The current semi-experimental study with the case and control groups and pretest and posttest design was conducted on 40 Iranian disabled veterans covered by Bonyad Shahid of Gilan-e-gharb City in 2018. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. The demographic information, the Paykel social adjustment, and the Bond acceptance and action questionnaires were employed for data collection. Data were analyzed using MNCOVA.

The obtained results showed a significant decrease in the mean score of experiential avoidance in the training group after receiving ECBT compared with the control group (P<0.05). Also, the mean score of social adjustment was significantly lower in the intervention group after receiving the treatment compared with that of the control group (P<0.05).
Discussion and

ECBT was effective with the emphasis on correcting distorted cognition and teaching new behaviors, understanding excitement, understanding emotion, and adjusting excitement to increase social adjustment and reduce experiential avoidance in disabled veterans.

Wives of veterans, due to close relationship and taking care of them, are identified as secondary or hidden victims of trauma. This indirect exposure to a stressful event brings psychological consequences for them.

The current study aimed at determining the relationship and predicting role of sleep quality and sexual self-esteem in secondary post-traumatic stress disorder among wives of veterans.

The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on 152 wives of veterans with secondary post-traumatic stress disorder in Kermanshah Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. To collect data, the Pittsburgh sleep inventory, sexual self-esteem index for woman-short form (validation by Farokhi & Shareh), and secondary trauma questionnaire (STQ) were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25 using Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression.

According to the findings, the mean ± standard deviation scores of sleep quality, sexual self-esteem, and secondary traumatic stress disorder were 13.00±3.88, 59.11±11.88, and 63.43±10.53, respectively. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between low sleep quality and secondary traumatic stress (r= 0.345, P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant and negative correlation between sexual self-esteem and secondary traumatic stress (r = -0.298, P<0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 32% of changes in secondary traumatic disorder can be explained by sleep quality and sexual self-esteem.

Given the important role of sleep quality and sexual self-esteem in the predicting secondary traumatic stress disorder, it is suggested to consider the role of these factors in intervention programs for secondary traumatic stress disorder.

 Entry into the military service affects the mental health of individuals and one of the effective factors in mental health, especially in the current world, is the hope for a healthy life. The most important effect of hope is the improvement of motivation and activation. Hope is one of the variables that influence the happiness of people in society, especially the younger generation.

 The present study aimed at investigating the relationship of resilience and emotional regulation with life expectancy in soldiers.

 The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017 on 300 soldiers selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments were the Conner and Davidson resiliency, the Gross and John emotional regulation, and the Miller life expectancy questionnaires. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed in previous studies. In the current study, the reliability and validity of the instruments were determined using the Cronbach alpha coefficient, which were 0.89, 0.70, and 0.91, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

 The Pearson correlation coefficient showed the correlation of resilience and emotional regulation with soldiers' life expectancy (P <0.001). Resilience and emotional regulation had the potential for life expectancy in soldiers (P <0.05).
Discussion and

 The current study findings indicated a significant correlation of resilience and emotional regulation with life expectancy among soldiers. To increase the life expectancy in soldiers, the focused resilience training that increases the individual’s resistance to stress and emotion regulation that influences the individuals’ responses to different situations of life, especially in critical conditions, are essential.

In the education of medical sciences- e g, nursing, the main goal is to train students who can make the best decisions with high thinking skills (critical thinking), integrating information, and using sound clinical reasoning while relying on evidence.

The current study aimed at investigating the effect of teaching clinical reasoning on the critical thinking skill of undergraduate nursing students who took the course of emergency nursing in disasters and events.

The current quasi-experimental study was conducted on 27 undergraduate students of the 6th semester in Aja Nursing Faculty enrolled in a full-scale study in 2018. The critical thinking styles of students were assessed using the California critical thinking questionnaire before and two weeks after training. The clinical reasoning training program was presented using a repeat hypothesis model in five educational sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using paired samples t-test.

In the present study, the mean and standard deviation scores of critical thinking were respectively 7.63 ± 2.02 and 7.9 ± 3.36 before and after the training program. There was a significant difference between before and after mean scores of critical thinking education (P = 0.047); training with clinical reasoning method improved the critical thinking skills compared to the study onset in the students.
Discussion and

The critical thinking level of nursing students increased significantly after receiving educations with the method of clinical reasoning compared to the study onset level. It can be concluded that this educational method, like other active teaching methods, can improve critical thinking in nursing students. It is hoped that using this method will be an effective step toward better learning of the students and improving the performance of nurses in clinical practice.

According to the increasing incidence of disasters in all countries and the emphasis on the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction, recognizing such risks is an important step in increasing preparedness. Evidence suggests that healthcare system is not ready to deal with disasters. Disaster risk perception is a new and contextual concept, and no research is yet conducted in this area in Iran.

The present study aimed at identifying the characteristics of disasters as an effective factor in risk perception of healthcare middle managers in armed forces.

The current qualitative study was conducted in 2018 using the Graneheim & Lundman conventional content analysis. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were immediately transcribed and coded into semantic units to form categories and subcategories based on similarities and differences. Participants were 20 healthcare middle managers in armed forces with a variety of specialties.

After analyzing 20 semi-structured interviews with the healthcare middle managers, semantic units were summed up in 125 codes and 18 subclasses; then the subclasses were explained in three factors of inside hospital, outside hospital, and type of disaster.
Discussion and

The obtained results represented different aspects of disasters and their impacts on the risk perception of healthcare middle managers in armed forces. Disasters, in particular, political riots, inside and outside hospital disputes, as well as certain events such as holding elections and political-religious gatherings may affect the risk perception of managers and, consequently, their measures even before they become a threat to armed forces health organizations. It seems that the differences are related to the underlying conditions of Iran, especially the armed forces medical organizations.

Inefficient emotion regulation and negative mood states play significant roles in adolescent’s neuroses.

The current study aimed at investigating the effects of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on the adolescent’s emotional regulation and mood states.

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on all adolescents of Sadiq-al-Vaed socio-cultural Center of Tehran, Iran. The subjects included 26 adolescents selected by convenience sampling. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy in eight 75-minute sessions. For data analysis, SPSS software version 20 was employed using repeated measures tests at 0.05 significance level.

According to the obtained results, a significant decrease was observed in suppression (P=0.01), depression (P= 0.001), tension (P= 0.001), confusion (P=0.001), and fatigue (P=0.02) subscales after psychotherapy in post-test and follow-up. The effects lasted in the two-month follow-up period (P >0.05).

According to the study findings, this therapy method can improve emotion regulation and mood state in adolescents and can be used as an effective intervention.

Electronic health literacy is a combination of skills in terms of health, information, science, computer, and internet. Improving students' scientific and practical abilities and promoting their academic achievement require good general health.

The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between e-health literacy and general health of students of Aja University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

The present cross sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 305 students of Aja University of Medical Sciences in 2018 enrolled with convenience sampling. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, e-health literacy scale (e-Heals), and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). The relationship between variables was assessed using Spearman correlation test, and groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and P <0.05 was considered significant.

A total of 305 questionnaires were analyzed. Students' mean score of e-health literacy was 28.15±5.9, and that of general health was 27.24±16.67. According to GHQ-28, a lower score indicates better general health; a significant and inverse correlation was observed between students' e-health literacy and general health (r= -0.139, P=0.015). E-health literacy had no significant relationship with the subscales of physical status, anxiety, insomnia, and social dysfunction, but it had a significant and inverse relationship with the subscale of depression (r= -0.198, P=0.001).
Discussion and

Better general health was associated with higher e-health literacy. This relationship affects general health improvement and it seems that taking measures to promote e-health literacy improves general health in students. Further studies are recommended to examine how these factors affect one another.

 Students' academic achievement is one of the important parameters in higher education system. By timely identification of students at risk of dropping out and taking the necessary measures, their academic status can be improved. Social intelligence can greatly predict students’ academic achievement.

 The current study aimed at determining the relationship between social intelligence and academic achievement in anesthesiology and operating room students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

 The current cross sectional study was conducted on anesthesiology and operating room students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A total of 140 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic questionnaire and the Bradbury and Tromso standard questionnaire for social intelligence were employed as data collection instruments. To measure academic achievement, the overall GPA of the students was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and P <0.05 was considered as the level of significance.

 The mean age of students was 20.54 ± 1.33 years. Mean score of social intelligence was higher in male students than female ones (4.75±0.85 vs. 4.65±0.77) (T= 0.743, df=138, P= 0.459). Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive and significant correlation between academic achievement and social intelligence (r=0.613) and all its dimensions (i e, social information processing (r=0.581), social skills (r=0.445), and social awareness (r=0.481) (P=0.000).
Discussion and

 The mean score of students' social intelligence and its dimensions was in the desired level. There was a positive and significant relationship between social intelligence and all its dimensions with academic achievement. Therefore, it is suggested to plan for the improvement of social intelligence to promote students’ academic achievement.