مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 106، خرداد و تیر 1399)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has made treatment difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial species in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after surgery of paranasal sinuses to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of them.

The data of 70 patients after paranasal sinuses surgery in Amiralmomenin hospital in Rasht city, in 2018 were evaluated. The identification of bacteria by microbiological laboratory methods and microbial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method. For data analysis, SPSS version 22 software and chi-square test were used (p ≤0.05).

62 (88.57%) positive bacterial culture samples were identified. The most abundant strains was Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.70%). Staphylococcus aureus had the highest antibiotic resistance to penicillin and oxacillin (52.94%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis to penicillin (62.50%). Highest antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was to ceftazidime (90.90%). Escherichia coli was resistant to ceftazidime and ampicillin (100%) and Hafnia alvei was resistant to ceftazidime (100%). Klebsiella aerogenes had higher resistant to ceftazidime and cefixime (100%). With increasing of patient’s age, resistance to antibiotics increased (p ≤0.05).

Antibiotic resistance was observed in bacterial samples isolated from patients after surgery. Given that antibiotic resistance may cause failure in the treatment. Monitoring of the antibiotic-resistant pattern is necessary to select the appropriate antibiotic.

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella spp. are among the most important causative agents of food-borne infections. The marA efflux pump in this bacterium plays a significant role in the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate marA efflux pump gene expression in Ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enteritidis clinical strains by Real Time PCR.

In this cross-sectional study, strains of Salmonella enteritidis were isolated from clinical specimens of feces using microbial methods. Antibiotic resistance of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The presence of marA efflux pump in the clinical strain of Salmonella enteritidis, intermediate ciprofloxacin-resistant, was evaluated using Cart-wheel and PCR. The results of this study were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and one-way ANOVA.

From the 1200 fecal clinical specimens, 60 Salmonella enteritidis were isolated. The highest resistance was related to 9 strains (15%) and 11 intermediate strains (18%) ciprofloxacin. and the least resistance was related to imipenem and chloramphenicol (100% sensitive). The results of cartwheel and PCR methods showed that all strains intermediate or resistant to ciprofloxacin had a marA efflux pump. Finally, Real-Time PCR results showed a significant up-regulation of marA gene in S. enteritidis strains.

According to the results of Real-Time PCR, it seems that the marA efflux pump gene is one of the resistance agents in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enteritidis.

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology in the nervous system. However, exercise routinely for these patients is beneficial, but the effect of pretreatment swimming exercise in this disease has not been fixed. Therefore, the aim of these study was to investigate pretreatment effect of swimming exercise on NGF levels in female Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

This experimental in vitro study was conducted on female Lewis rats. In this study, animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (each group 5), including healthy control, EAE control, healthy swimming and EAE swimming. The training protocol included swimming exercise 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for six weeks.

This study shows that NGF levels in EAE swimming group were significantly increased compared to the same controls (P= 0.006). Also the weight of EAE swimming training group significantly increased compared with control (P=0.001).

According to these findings, concluded that pretreatment with sub-chronic swimming exercise, through increased levels of NGF, is effective in inhibiting EAE. Hence, perhaps, the protocol used in this study to enhance the protection of nerve cells in the brain tissue of MS Risk Factors and ultimately recommended to promote brain health.

Glass Ionomer cements have been used widely due to their biocompatibility, fluoride release and the ability to decrease the incidence of marginal caries. Minimum film thickness, adequate net setting time & high compressive strength are the main characteristics of a luting cement in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study is to compare the film thickness & net setting time of Fuji I and a newly developed GIC.

20 samples were prepared with P/L of 1.8:1 for Fuji I & 0.72:0.4 for Iranian cement. For the determination of net setting time, 5×8×10mm metal mold was prepared. Ninety seconds after mixing, carefully lower the indenter 0.1±1mm diameter vertically on the surface of the cement. Repeating the indentations at 30 s. Net Setting Time was recorded as the time elapsed between the end of mixing time and the time when the needle failed to make a complete circular indentation. For the determination of film thickness, two flat glass plates was used and the thickness of both were measured with micrometer device. Then applied a 0.1ml of the mixed cement at the center of the lower plate and applied 150N force to the specimen via the top plate. Then measured the difference of the two plates thickness with and without the cement as the film thickness of the cement. The data were entered into SPSS21 software and Kolmogorov Smirnov and independent T-test were used to evaluate the data.

Fuji I had shorter mean value of Net setting time and smaller film thickness than Iranian cement.This difference was statistically significant.

Fuji I seems a better clinical choice for the cementation of indirect restorations than Iranian cement.

In addition to modern medical advances, intravenous treatment has become an essential part of patient care. Intravenous treatment like other invasive techniques has its own side effects. Phlebitis and infection are the most serious complications of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aloe vera and nitroglycerin on the incidence and severity of phlebitis induced by peripheral catheter.

This blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients admitted to the internal ward of Kowsar Hospital in Sanandaj in 2019. Patients were randomly divided into three groups including nitroglycerin, aloe vera, and control. The data gathering tool was a phlebitis grading scale. After venipuncture, the ointment was applied to the upper part of the catheter and covered with a sterile coating. Patients were evaluated at intervals of 12 hours to 48 hours after sedation, and the incidence and severity of phlebitis were assessed within 48 hours. For data analysis, Fisher's exact tests, chi-square, Cochran and Maxwell-Stover test, and STATA version 12 software were used.

Three groups showed a significant reduction in the intensity of phlebitis in the first 12 hours (P = 0.000), 24 hours (P = 0.000), 36 hours (P = 0.001) and 48 hours (P = 0.001) after the catheterization. This reduction in phlebitis in the Aloe Vera group was higher than the Nitroglycerin group.

According to the results of this study, it is recommended to use nitroglycerin ointment and aloe vera to reduce phlebitis, although Aloe vera ointment is more effective in reducing phlebitis.

In this experimental study, nicotine has been recognized to result in oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. The current research was designed to investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid, a radical scavenger and antioxidant, on Pro oxidant anti-oxidant balance of serum in nicotine treated mice.

Thirty-six mature male NMRI mice were divided into 6groups: (two controls, two nicotine-treated [0.5 mg/kg], and two nicotine plus rosmarinic acid [10 mg/kg]) were used in this study and treated for 15 and 30days respectively. The standard protocol was used to measure pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, superoxide dismutase, and serum Catalase.

As compared to control group (90±3.03315 HK), the 15-day results, in nicotine-treated group (100±5.17687 HK) there was a significant increase in the serum PAB ratio. Similarly, for samples of the day 30, there was a significant increase in the serum PAB ratio of nicotine-treated group (106±3.52136 HK) versus control group (87±1.32916 HK) (P≤0.05). SOD of 15(1.21±1.12) and 30 days (1.89±0.26) treated groups, showed significant decreased versus control groups (2.90±0.09), (2.82±0.08) respectively (P≤0.05).  Catalase of 15(12.13±2.30) and 30 days (11.57±1.42) treated groups, showed significant decreased versus control groups (25.12±2.21), (24.1±1.29) respectively (P≤0.05).

These results indicate that rosmarinic acid improves the level of antioxidant enzymes and modifies pro-oxidant-antioxidant imbalance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of some hematologic indices to 6-week high-intensity interval training along with intake of omega-3 supplements in sedentary male students.

In this semi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete male students from Sistan and Baluchestan University, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 8 people each, control, supplement, training, and training+supplement. The omega-3 group received a dose of 2 grams of omega-3 per day. The training group was subjected to high-intensity interval training. Training+omega-3 group has also undergone the same training program with a combination of omega-3 supplementation. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method at a significant level of p≤0.05.

The findings of this study showed that after 6 weeks, some of the hematological indices including red blood cells and hemoglobin in training + omega-3, training, and omega-3 groups increased significantly as compared to pre-test values (p≤0.05). In addition, hematocrit percentage and white blood cells showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in training + omega-3, and training and omega-3 groups compared to the pre test group. While plasma volume changes were constant, there was no significant difference for between groups’ comparisons in all biochemical indices (p≥0.05).

Regarding the findings of the present study, high-intensity interval training combined with omega-3 supplementation causes more significant changes compared to the training or supplement alone on hematologic parameters in sedentary male students

Organizational change risks are defined as the likelihood of adverse events and the negative consequences that threaten organizational change. The purpose of this research is to identify the risks of organizational change in medical universities, extracting the relationships between these risks and classifying them based on the drive power and dependence power.

In this research, which is a mix method research, organizational change risks were identified using the Glaserian grounded theory approach, and then, using the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) method, the relationships between organizational change risks are determined. Finally, using MICMAC analysis, the type of organizational change risks was identified. The study population in both quantitative and qualitative sections was faculty members and managers of medical universities. A purposive sampling method was used to select the samples.

Analysis of the interviews led to the emergence of 33 organizational change risks in 10 categories. Based on interpretive structural modeling, organizational change risks were classified into five levels.

Given that the risks associated with knowledge management in change management, the risks related to objectives of organizational change, and the risks pertaining to employee perception of organizational change have the greatest impact on other risks, and at the same time they accept the least effect, they should be prioritized.

Chronic urticaria is a dermal disease with continuous rash, itching or angioedema, papules and inflammatory plaques, which under conditions transformed from the acute phase to the chronic phase, causing depression and anxiety for many years in patients.  Chronic urticaria has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient. The aim of this study was to examined the quality of life and related factors of patients with chronic urticaria in Kurdistan Province.

This descriptive study was performed on 228 patients referred to the Allergy Clinic of Besat Hospital in 2016 Census sampling method was used for selecting patient/ Information was gathered by using DQLI questionnaire. Then describe the data by frequency and percentage descriptive and quantitative data were calculated with Chi 2 and Spearman correlation, by using SPSS 15.

The mean age of participants was 34.81 ± 10.55 years. Data analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between quality of life and gender (p <0.001). There was a significant correlation between quality of life and type of disease (p <0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between quality of life and place of residence and education (p> 0.05).

The results showed that chronic urticaria has significant effect on patients' quality life. It seems that these patients were psychologically involved and their level of satisfaction of quality life was reduced.

The dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is common and toxic herbicide used around the world to control wide leaf weeds present in cereal crops. This herbicide is resistant to biodegradation and chemical degradation in the environment. The main purpose of this study is synthesis and optimizing of titania nanoparticles and evaluating their effectiveness in photodegradation of 2,4-D from aqueous solutions in both batch and flow photoreactors including light emitting diod (LED).

The First, the P25/βCD nano photocatalst was synthesized and then its efficiency in the 2,4-D photo degradation was compared with commercial P25 nanophotocatalyst in both of the batch and flow photoreactors. Effective parameters include; the effects of nanocatalyst dose, select the best bed of catalyst, the β-CD amount on bed catalyst, irradiation time, kind of photoreactor on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency were investigated. The degradation was monitored using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in 2,4-D absorption band at 284 nm.

The optimum amount of P25, P25/β-CD nano photocatalysts were 1 and 0.1 g/L, respectively. In batch photoreactor the photodegradation efficiency of 2,4-D after 5 h with P25 and P25/β-CD as a photocatalyst were approximately 81 and 85% respectively. Also, in flow photoreactor 2,4-D degradation yeild after 5 h in presence of P25 and P25/β-CD nano photocatalysts were 88.8 and 90.4% respectively. Also, after 5 consecutive periods of irradiation, photodegradation efficiency in presence of P25 and P25/β-CD nano photocatalysts were maintained 82.6 and 84%, respectively which indicates their remarkable stability.

The using of photodegradation process for the removal of organic pollutants, such as herbicides from aqueous solutions, is successful.

General anesthesia is an important approach to control low-aged children with specific problems who need wide teeth restoration operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the success rate of dental treatments under general anesthesia in children referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry from 2015 to 2017.

This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study in which 60 patients referred to the pediatric department of Hamadan School of dentistry received dental treatment services under general anesthesia from 2015 to 2017. Then, they were examined after 6 months of their treatment. The cases were checked-up on the dental engine using a Dental Mirror and Explorer and success or failure data were recorded in a special form designed for each case. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14, and a statistical model of logistic regression and the Chi-square test was used to compare the success ratio of dental treatments.

The success rate of pulp treatments i.e. pulpotomy and pulpectomy are high (98%). Regarding the treatment of posterior teeth, stainless steel cover is the most successful treatment with a failure rate of 1.5%. The failure rate of SSC is significantly lower than amalgam filling (8.06%) (p=0.004). Regarding anterior teeth, one-surface composite filling with a failure rate of 5.5% and anterior build-up with a failure rate of 10.7% have the lowest and the highest failure rates, respectively.

Among the restoration operations, SSC under general anesthesia is considered as the selective technique due to its high success rate.

Physical and psychological outcomes are one of the most important problems in patients with liver cancer, which can affect new patients' ability and their quality of life. Regarding the necessity of reducing and eliminating these consequences, the study was conducted to investigate the consequences of surgery in patients with liver cancer.

This descriptive study was performed on 53 patients with liver cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran using the available sampling method from November 2019 to June 2020. During the study, Functional Cancer Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity, Edmonton Symptom Evaluation, and Demographic Characteristics were used in two stages (before and one month after the treatment). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21, descriptive statistics, Pair T-test, and correlation.

Fatigue, loss of appetite, pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other problems were significantly increased in comparison with the pre-treatment period (p˂0.05). There was a significant relationship between these outcomes and the quality of life of the patients (p˂0.001).

Patients with cancer have experienced moderate to severe physical, and psychological consequences. Considering the impact of these outcomes on the survival and quality of life, one of the important tasks in the cancer department is, to prevent, identify, and control the complications of liver cancer treatment.