مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 192، اردیبهشت 1399)

The purpose was to investigate the effect of organizational learning culture on job satisfaction and relationship quality with customer with mediator variable of organizational agility in Governmental hospitals in Ahwaz city.

The statistical population included all of staffs of governmental hospitals in Ahvaz city. A total of 370 people were chosen. The methodology of this research was survey administrated through a standard questionnaire. To study hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling Modeling and PLS software was used.

All hypotheses were confirmed in this study. The effect of organizational learning culture on job satisfaction, customer relationship quality and organizational agility were 0.512, 0.506 and 0.681, respectively. Also, the effect of organizational agility on job satisfaction and customer relationship quality were 0.439 and 0.484, respectively. The effect of the mediator variable was also confirmed.

According to the results of the study, it is necessary to increase the organizational learning culture as well as organizational agility and remove barriers in order to increase employees' job satisfaction and improve the quality of their relationship with clients.

Free radicals are produced at every moment in our body at an incredible speed, and if they are not trapped at the same speed, they can be extremely problematic. Free radicals cFree radicals are toxic byproducts of oxygen metabolism that contain at least one unpaired electron. Overproduction of free radicals can cause damage to parts of cells such as proteins, DNA and cell membrane through a process called oxidative damage. These irreversible damages lead to a change in cellular function or may lead to cell death. Oxidative damage to biomolecules eventually leads to many chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, arthritis, and infertility.Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to detoxify their harmful effects by antioxidants. The present article provides information on production of free radicals, types of free radicals and their relation to certain diseases, which can be useful to researchers in this regard.an attack body fat, break the cell membrane, or release toxic substances into surrounding  tissues. These irreversible damage leads to a change in cellular function or cell death.. Free radicals and stress resulting from it can cause some diseases, including: Alzheimer's disease, cancer, Glaucoma, heart disease, Parkinson's disease ,arthritis, diabetes and  infertility. The present  article provides information on how to produce free radicals, types of free radicals and their relation to certain diseases, which can be useful to researchers in this regard.

Diabetes is a common chronic disease in the world that causes high costs for public health due to severe consequences of the disease. Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased and accelerated cognitive impairment in the elderly, with severe changes such as Alzheimer's and vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients and also to correlate it with HbA1C level, age, sex and duration of diabetes.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on type 2 diabetic patients referred to Firoozabad Medical Centers in 2015. After completing the demographic checklist, the Mental Health Questionnaire (MMSE) was administered to them. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

This study was performed on 100 type 2 diabetic patients with mean age of 58±7.6 years. About 41% of the subjects were male and 59% female. Among men, 30 had mild MMSE and 15 moderate MMSE, while 42 women had mild MMSE and 17 had moderate mild test. This study showed that HbAC1 and FBS glycemic indexes were significantly correlated with MMSE test.

In this study, it was shown that cognitive impairment in diabetic patients was significantly correlated with gender, age and duration of diabetes. The results also showed that higher FBS and 2hpp would increase the chances of cognitive impairment.

Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an aromatic plant, belonging to Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plant is used in medicinal and food industries. The essential oil of summer savory has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The main objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of aerial parts and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of summer savory essential oil against a few microorganisms including gram positive, gram negative bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeast.

In this experimental study, shoot essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation technique using clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Antioxidant activity of essential oil was assessed by diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and compared with synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene (BHT). Antimicrobial properties of the plant essential oil were determined using micro broth dilution and well disk diffusion methods.

The major components of essential oil were carvacrol (42.10%), thymol (19.74%) and P-cymene (8.19%), respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of summer savory essential oil was 10.63±0.15 μg/ml, while this parameter for BHT 9.45±0.09 μg/ml. Bioassay of essential oil showed that summer savory had strong antimicrobial effects. So that, aerial part essential oil showed the best antifungal activity and this effect is more than the antibacterial activity. The mean diameter of inhibitory growth zone in well disk diffusion method at 15 µl concentration was equal to 31.05±0.57 mm in the case of gram positive bacteria, 21.68±0.40 mm for gram negative ones and 42.76±0.33 mm in the case of filamentous fungi and yeast. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of summer savory essential oil ranged from 0.5 to 16 µl/ml in the case of all microorganisms.

It can be stated that summer savory essential oil on all of yeast and filamentous fungi, gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram negative bacteria (Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) showed more antimicrobial activity than amphotericin B, vancomycin and gentamicin, respectively. Although more research is needed in this field, summer savory essential oil can be used as a new antimicrobial agent in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Diabetes is the most common glandular disease in the world and various ways are used to treat it. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a period of increased aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine on some inflammatory factors in the cardiac tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.

For this purpose, 45 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were selected and randomly divided into six groups of sham (8 rats), healthy controls (8 rats), diabetic control (8 rats), diabetic receiving L-carnitine (8 rats), diabetic aerobic training (8 rats), and diabetic aerobic training and L-carnitine intake (8 rats). Rats were made diabetic by subcutaneous injection of nicotine amide (95 mg/kg) and after 15 minutes with Streptozocin (STZ) injection (55 mg/kg). Rats receiving L-carnitine received 100 mg of L-carnitine daily orally. The aerobic training groups also performed an aerobic exercise program on the treadmill, 5 days a week, from 9 am to 11 am for six weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized using chloroform and cardiac tissue removed after dissection. Dependent variables were measured by ELISA and assay kits in heart tissue. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the significant level of 0.05 was used for data analysis.

The results showed that aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine had significant effect on IL-10 (p=0.028) and TNF-α (p=0.036) in diabetic rats.

The results of the present study seem to confirm the role of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine in improving apoptosis and oxidative stress indices in type 2 diabetic rats. But they should be prescribed in consultation with a physician.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the immune system affecting the central nervous system. The etiology of the disease is unclear, but activation of immune mechanisms against inflammation itself seems to play a role in the disease. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal remedies in traditional medicine that can have soothing properties, promote health and prevent diseases. This study will review several reports on the effects of ginseng on MS. Ginseng is derived from a Greek word (pana kos) which means to cure all diseases. The possible route of positive effects of ginseng can be through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic and biological metabolism. Ginseng's therapeutic properties have been found in a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, cognitive, and autoimmune diseases. Ginseng is suggested to have preventive and therapeutic properties in MS. In this study we reviewed data by using Google Scholar, Science Direct and Pubmed as well as by searching key words: MS, Ginseng, Inflammatory factors and Oxidative stress, from 1990 to 2018.The modulating effects of ginseng on Th1 and TH17 cells activity and enhancing Treg activity as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ginseng can be used in the treatment of MS as immunological strategies.

Obesity is one of the top 10 health problems in the world. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on indices of perceptin, irizine and insulin resistance in obese women.

Thirty women were selected from obese women who referred to Ilam Health House in the age range of 30-45 years and were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise (n = 10) and control (n = 10).  In the next stage and 24 hours before the start of the exercise, the individual characteristics of the subjects including age, height, weight and body mass index and the research variables (insulin resistance, Dpp4 and GLP-1) were measured in the pre-test and the training group. Then experiments performed aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks with intensity of 60-75% of maximum heart rate and 3 days per week for 30-45 minutes. The variables were measured again 24 hours after the last training session. Dependent t-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for data analysis.

The results showed that aerobic training had effect on the levels of peptin, irizine and insulin resistance in obese women. Exercise, time, and the interactive effect of exercise and time have effect on preptin, irizine, and insulin resistance in obese women (p=0.001). There was also a significant difference between pre-test and post-test on one hand and exercise and no practice on the other (p=0.001).

According to the findings of this study, it is recommended to use aerobic exercise to reduce weight and minimize the negative effects of obesity in obese women.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are neurotrophic factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. However, the impact of aquatic exercise intensitie on NGF and GDNF factors is less clear in patients with MS. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 8-weeks supervised aquatic exercise of different intensities (high- intensity (HI) versus low-intensity (LI)) on serum levels of GDNF and NGF in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).

In this semi-experimental, 35 women with MS (mean age [X̅±SD]=37±9 years) were randomly assigned to either low-intensity aquatic  exercise group (LI: n = 10), high-intensity aquatic  exercise group (HI: n = 14), or the control group (CON: n= 11). Exercise programs consisted of aquatic aerobic exercises at either LI (50% - 70% of HRR) or HI (70% - 85% of HRR), of equal volume, 3 times per week, 30 to 60 minutes per session for 8 weeks. CON group were asked to maintain normal daily life pattern for the duration of the study. Serum levels of GDNF and NGF were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

After aquatic exercise, the serum NGF and GDNF levels increased by 18% and 16% in the LI group (P < .05) and by 8% and 13% in the HI group (P < .05) compared with baseline. However, both groups showed similarly improved neurotrophic factor variables and there was no difference across the groups.

These results suggest that MS can reduce serum neurotrophic factor levels. On the other hand, aquatic aerobic exercise of intensities (50% - 70% or 70% - 85% of HRR) can similarly improve serum NGF and GDNF levels imbalance in overweight women MS.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem with prevalence of 8 -16%. It disrupts the function and structure of the kidneys over time irreversibly, and in its advanced stages (End Stage Renal Disease-ESRD) imposes a huge financial burden on the health system of communities. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the significant external complications, which is the most important cause of mortality in patients with CKD. Therefore, quick and early diagnosis of this disease due to its rapid and yet latent process in its earliest stages is essential to prevent side effects and avoid waste of funds. Evidence from various studies in recent years indicates that CKD progression is significantly associated with decreased levels of anti-aging protein, Klotho. Under normal physiological conditions, the major source of this protein is kidney tissue cells. Thus, Klotho deficiency is not only an early biomarker in the diagnosis of CKD, but also an important pathogenic factor in the progression and appearance of its adverse effects. This study aimed to introduce Klotho protein as an early diagnostic biomarker and to present new, effective therapeutic strategies for patients with CKD.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Various experiments on rosemary have confirmed that the plant has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (one of the most important risk factors for the development and progression of cancer). Leishmania parasite can decrease the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by secreting certain inflammatory mediators and activating some of the pathways that induce apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of Rosemary extract and Leishmania extract on cervical cancer cells (HeLa).

In this experimental study, after cultivation and propagation of HeLa -derived cells purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran, these cells were exposed to different doses of Leishmania parasitica and Rosemary extract (50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 mg/ml) and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After incubation, MTT method and flowcytometry were used to determine the toxicity of the extracts.

The results of MTT test showed that the extract had concentration inhibition effect on dose and time of HeLa cells, with the highest concentration of extract and incubation of 72 hours, the highest percentage of cell death was observed. Concentration of 50% Cell Growth (IC50) for cancer cells in 24 hours for Leishmania extract was 110.83 mg/ml and Rosemary extract of 123.61 mg/ml. 1.30 % of the cells treated with Leishmania extract and 15.43% of the cells treated with rosemary extract in the flowcytometric histogram were placed in the necrosis cells.

Leishmania and Rosemary extract through dose and time dependent effect prevent growth of HeLa cancer cell line. It seems with further research, it can be used for cancer treatment.