نشریه آفت کش ها در علوم گیاه پزشکی
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

One of the important rose pests in Lyzangan region is Rose plume moth, Eucnaemidophorus rhododactylus Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae), which causes extensive damage to some kinds of rose shrubs annually. Therefore, it is essential to control the pest to prevent damage and the use of chemical insecticides has been the main method for this purpose in Iran during the last decades. In this study the efficacy of biortional insecticides was evaluated against Rose plume moth. The experiment was carried out based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments including spinosad (Tracer® SC 24%) at the concentrations of 100 and 700 ml/ha, abamectin (Vertimec® EC 1.8%) at 600 ml/ha, indoxacarb (Avant® SC 15%) at 250 ml/ha, fenoxycarb + lufenuron (Lufox® EC 10.5%) at 1500 ml/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis (produced by Italy) at 1000 ml/ha and control (water spraying) in 4 replications during 2018 and 2019. The pest population was recorded one day before and 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after the treatment. The Percent efficacy was calculated using Henderson and Tilton method. The results show that in all sampling stages and during the two consecutive years, spinosad at the rate of 700 ml/ha, with 92.5 ± 2% efficacy was placed in group1 and at the rate of 100 ml/ha with 67.6± 1% mortality rate was placed in the second group and showed the highest control level. Indoxacarb (48±1%), abamectin (45±1%) and Lofux® (43±1%) were placed in the third and Bt (37±1%) was placed in the fourth group. Spinosad (700 ml/ha) showed the highest efficacy against the larvae and therefore could be recommended for the chemical control of E. rhododactylus in rose gardens.

In this study, the immature stages of T. brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) were exposed to the recommended field concentration and half of the recommended field concentration of four insecticides abamectin, emamectin benzoate, acetamipride, and flubendiamide.  The dipping method was carried out for the treatment of immature stages. The percentage decrease in emergence, rate of parasitism, longevity and sex ratio were determined. The results show that these concentrations of abamectin, emamectin benzoate, acetamipride and flubendiamide, especially the recommended field concentrations, affected the biological parameters of the wasp compared with the control. In the flubendiamide treatment with the recommended field concentration the percentage emergence of F0 and F1 larval, prepupal and pupal stages were (69.58±1.07, 81.67±2.15 and 78.75±2.20) (70.33±2.78, 80.25±3.57 and 88.45±3.60) and were classified in class 1 respectively and abamectin with percentage emergence of F0 and F1 (44.58±1.34, 49.58±1.19 and 40.00±3.02) (44.72±1.97, 42.35±7.28 and 48.76±2.87) were classified in class 2 in all the stages. Emamectin benzoate and acetamipride were also classified in some stages as class 1 and in the other stages as class 2. Furthermore, the most and the least side effects of other parameters of the pesticides were related to abamectin and flubendiamide, respectively. The results reveal that flubendiamide could be recommended for the control of butterfly pests in IPM programs due to lower toxicity to natural enemies.

Apple scab disease is one of the most important diseases of apple worldwide. Due to its high injury levels use of chemical pesticides for its management is inevitable. In the present study, the efficacy of myclobutanil (Atis®) in comparison with common fungicides including Captan (Captan© WP 50%), Trifloxystrobin(Flint© WG 50%), Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole (Nativo© WG 50%), Trifloxystrobin + Fluopyram (Luna Sensation© 500SC) was evaluated against apple scab disease. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 9 treatments and 4 replications in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad (yasuj) and Ardabil (Ardabil) provinces. Treatments included 0.142, 0.228 and 0.314 ml L-1 of  Atis®, 0.2 ml L-1 of Flint®, 0.2 ml L-1 of Nativo® , 0.4 ml L-1 of Luna Sensation®, 3 g L-1 of Captan®, and controls (without any spraying and with water spraying). Treatments were applied at three stages (silver tip stage which followed up at the end of flowering stage and 14 days after the 2nd spraying). The incidence, severity of the disease and mean comparisons were calculated and analyzed. Results show that fungicides treatments were significantly different from both control treatments. The results of the experiments in both locations show the efficacy of Atis at the rate of 0.314 and 0.228 ml L-1 in Yasuj was 97% and 88% and in Ardabil it was 62% and 55% respectively. Similarly, the efficacies of Luna Sensation at the rate of 0.4 ml L-1 and Nativo at the rate of 0.2 ml L-1 were 90% and 86% in Yasuj and 64% and 55% in Ardabil respectively. In conclusion, Atis at the rates of 0.314 and 0.228 ml L-1, Luna Sensation at the rate of 0.4 ml L-1 and Nativo at the rate of 0.2 ml L-1 had the highest efficacy against the apple scab disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Cyflufenamid 3.4% + Triflumizole 15% Pancho® TF (WG 18.4%) fungicide in controlling of peach powdery mildew. The field trials were undertaken on Esfahan, Markazi and Kohkiloyeh va Boyerahmad provinces. Three commercial orchards of susceptible cultivar (Alberta) which had a background of contamination to the disease in previous years and the trees were almost at the same age, base and growing conditions, were selected. The experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design pattern with six treatments and four replicates. The fungicides included: Pancho® TF (WG 18.4%), 0.5/1000, 0.75/1000, 1/1000, Kresoxim-methyl 100g/l + Boscalid 200g/l (Collis® SC 30%), 0.5/1000 and control with water spraying and control with no spraying. Fungicides were used at swelling flower buds stage, the end of flowering time and three weeks later. The sampling was carried out of leaves and fruits, three weeks after the end of spraying the parameters of severity disease percent and incidence disease percent were assessed based on available scales considered and the data were analyzed using SAS software. The results showed that there was significant difference between treatments (fungicides) and controls at 1% probability level.  Mean comparison of the treatments with Duncan Multiple Test at 5% probability level showed that, all fungicides caused a significant decrease in the severity and incidence of disease infection percent compared to controls. The results of data analysis in three regions showed that Pancho® TF, 0.75/1000 with 69%, 67% and 71% on leaves disease severity and with 69%, 58% and 74% effect on leaves disease incidence in Esfahan, Markazi and Kohkiloyeh va Boyerahmad provinces respectively, had the best effect in controlling peach powdery mildew. Beside, Pancho® TF 0.75/1000 with 67% and 78% effect on fruits disease severity, 74% and 76% on fruits disease incidence had the best effect in Markazi and Kohkiloyeh va Boyerahmad provinces respectively. So Pancho® TF, 0.75/1000 is recommended to be used in peach powdery mildew management.