نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 61، امرداد و شهریور 1399)

Nowadays, the professional ethics has been very much taken into consideration, so that most professions including teaching, for its particular demands, should have a professional ethics code. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive role of professional ethics in professorschr('39') teaching quality of Medical Sciences University; Army-Iran.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational method and the statistical population consists of all medical sciences university students (979 people), Army-Iran, in 2017-2018 Iranian academic year. The size of sample were, 175 subjects, selected in accordance with Kerjesi & Morgen sampling table using stratified sampling method. The research tools were Najafi et al. Teaching Professional Ethics Questionnaire (2013) and Seraj Teaching Quality method (2002). Data analysis was done through two levels: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation and regression analysis) using SPSS software.

Pearson correlation results showed that there was a meaningful relation between professional ethics and teaching method (r=0.438, p<0.01). In other words; the more the professional ethics among professors, the more increase in teaching quality. Regression equation results showed that professional ethics has the predictive power of teaching quality (predictive value: 0.384). That is, if other conditions be constant, by increasing one unit of professional ethics, teaching quality will increase to 0.438.

Based on the findings of this study, the professional ethics of the professors of medical sciences university affects their teaching quality, So observing professional and ethical requirements will have an effective- learning influence and teaching quality among the students in this university.

Many phenomena have changed and changes is no longer an opportunity for higher education and universities, but it is a necessity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the future competitiveness of Islamic Azad University units.

The research was developmental and applied with a mixed approach. The statistical population and sample in the qualitative section include scientific and academic experts with managerial positions and in the quantitative section include the faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. Sampling method was selected in qualitative and quantitative sections as possible and non-probabilistic sampling. The instrument was made from a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the research were based on standard, content and construct validity. For structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis, SPSS and LISREL software were used.

The findings showed that universities have problems in all of these indicators and dimensions. The problem is that, in the opinion of the respondents who were professors at the same universities, there is a significant difference in all the indicators and dimensions of the existing performance with the desired performance.

Considering the results of the study, it should be said that the universities of Tehran province have not been able to achieve the desired result and have acted poorly in all dimensions and indicators, and further emphasis should be placed on the indicators of educational advancement.

Emotional Intelligence is a set of abilities that affects individual’s total capacity in reacting to environment’s needs and stresses. As there are few studies about emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress, so this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and nursing students’ stress in clinical setting.

This was a descriptive-correlational study carried out on 350 nursing students who were studying in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences at the time of data collection. Demographic characteristics checklist, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire for nursing students in clinics, and Nursing Students Stress Inventory in clinics were used for data collection. Then, data were analyzed by SPSS version 17. In descriptive statistics, descriptive indicators (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) were used in determining

The range of students’ age was 22.47±2.83. Mean ± standard deviation of emotional intelligence was 105.73±9.45 and mean ± standard deviation of students’ tension was 47.70±13.08. There was an indirect and significant statistical relationship between emotional intelligence and tension in nursing students (p<0.05).

Students had a high level of emotional intelligence and experienced moderate levels of stress. There was also a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and stress in nursing students, which indicates that with increasing intelligence in students, stress decreases in their clinical environment.

Rhythmic breathing exercises with the purpose of reducing anxiety and controlling patientschr('39') physiological characteristics can increase their ability to cope with illness. The purpose of this study was to perform rhythmic breathing exercises in response to the reduction of anxiety in patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery.

This semi-experimental study was a group work that was conducted in 2018 in one of the medical centers in Tehran. The study population included all patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery. Samples of the study were selected by simple random sampling method according to the criteria of entry among patients who were candidates for tympanoplasty surgery. Rhythmic breathing training was selected in two situations (The night before the operation in the ward and the morning of the operation in the operating room) and patientschr('39') anxiety levels were measured twice (before and after surgery).

Based on the findings of this study, the mean age of the studied cases was 43.16 with a standard deviation of 12.16. Most of the cases were women (60.4%) and the level of education was high school graduates and higher (79.2%). The results also showed that patientschr('39') anxiety before and after rhythmic respiration decreased in the two positions of the inpatient ward and operating room and the difference was significant (P <0.05).

Rheumatic respiration method as a non-invasive, safe, easy and cheap intervention can be used to reduce the anxiety of patients undergoing surgery, tympanoplasty surgery. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended for nurses to improve the health of patients.

The main purpose of this research study was to investigate the effect of learning styles on academic self-efficacy of postgraduate students and clinical assistants in Mazandaran University of medical science.

In this descriptive-survey study, the statistical population included 570 postgraduate students and clinical assistants in Mazandaran University of medical science in the first semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The sample size was 234 individuals according to the stratified random sampling method. The measurement tools consisted of two questionnaires of learning styles and self-efficacy.  Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA, Tukeychr('39')s post hoc and regression tests using the SPSS-20 software.

Studentschr('39') self-efficacy is higher than average. Learning methods (objective experience, tactile observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation) have a positive and significant influence on academic self-efficacy of students. Learning styles also have a significant effect on academic self-efficacy of postgraduate students and clinical assistants in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. In addition, the degree of self-efficacy among students with divergent learning styles is more than other styles.

This research can provide a new perspective on changing policy makers and managers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences which leads to review programs and focus on student-based learning programs. Therefore, improving academic performance and academic self-efficacy of students will be observed in the education systems.

Patient education is the patientchr('39')s contemporary rights. There is a great hindrance to patient education and management in its implementation. The study of the effect of education is an important part of the patientchr('39')s education process, which requires special planning and control and evaluation. The study of the barriers to patient education for hospitalized patients and working nurses and the emphasis on patient education and the effectiveness of training provided to patients are necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the effectiveness of teaching of hospitalized patients and prioritizing these factors.

is the study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Baqiyatallah hospital between 2001 and 2007. Due to the limited community objectives, 168 samples were selected for this study, which were randomly entered into the study. In this research, two questionnaires were used as a research tool. One questionnaire was about effective factors affected effectiveness of patient education and the second questionnaire was about the evaluation of the effectiveness of rescuer learning to patients. In this research, regression was used to determine the factors affecting the effectiveness of education.

This study was performed on 168 subjects. 79 men (47%) and 89 women (53%). 41.7% of participants were less than 40 years age old and 69% of participants are also undergraduate. The results showed that all of the structures statistically  had a significant effect on the scores. (P <0.05).

Patient education is one of the basic needs of patients and they need to know the information in diagnosis, treatment, and surgery. Having complete information about the disease and treatment is one of the most important rights of patients, and this information should be designed and implemented based on individual needs and specific disease situation.

The attempt to identify the available obstacles on layers of the planning of English language education in Iran schools is a matter of urgency. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the obstacles and strategies existing in the English language teaching planning layers with using the experience of education specialists in Iran schools.

This present qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach in fall 2018 on 21 specialists of education in the field of English language education. This study was conducted by purposeful sampling and up to data saturation, with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of abandoning the study at any time. The data collection method was conducted through a deep open-ended and semi-structured interview.

By analyzing the obtained data, three main components and 46 sub-components were extracted. The main components of the obstacles in the planning layer included English as a foreign language, low education time and a large volume of content. The main obstacles elements in the implementation layer were the beginning of training from the seventh grade, low practice and repetition, lack of correct evaluation.

The results showed that among the sub-components derived from the analysis of the responses of education of specialists in the field of English language teaching, specialists teachers familiar with new ways and methods in Iran schools should be employed.

Education is considered as the first step in human activities. Students’ attendance in theoretical classes has a great impact on their acquisition of knowledge and future career. Therefore, this study surveyed the causes of absenteeism in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences based on students’ viewpoints.

This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 277 dental, medical and pharmacology students in basic sciences course in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions in five-point Likert scale (1 to 5) in 4 categories. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Considering the average scores of categories, two categories with more significant role in students’ absenteeism from theoretical classes based on students’ viewpoints were: instructor’s academic ability and teaching method (3.17±0.45, 2.93±0.66, 3.5±0.3), and student’s personal conditions, including occupation, interest in the field of study, etc (2.83±0.59, 2.83±0.55, 3.1±0.47). The most and least important factors affecting absenteeism were inadequate sleep at night (4.14) and coeducational classes (1.50).

Given the important role of presentation method, effective relationship between instructors and students and interest in class subject in students’ attendance, emphasis should be placed on employing skillful instructors and screening the old ones in order to reduce the rate of absenteeism. In addition, having remarkable effect on the quality of education, it is essential to reform the educational system and reschedule class timetables.

Implementation of task-based learning approach is very important and effective in surgical technologists. Because of the lack of enough hospital operating rooms, they cannot be experienced at the same time as passing the surgical technology courses.

This study was a quasi-experimental study which samples were 57 surgical technology students of the 6th semester who selected based on include criteria of the study and divided into two intervention and control groups. Then they trained by two methods of teaching (routine method versus task-based learning method). Before and after training, their basic knowledge and practical skills were evaluated and compared using multi choice question and observational checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The

This study showed that after teaching by task-based learning method, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the knowledge and the practical skills in the intervention group students in comparison to the control group. The results also indicated that the intervention group in practice test were significantly faster than that of the control group. This issue is very valuable in the field of surgery, and the consequence is notable.

Based on the results of this study, task-based learning (TBL) is an effective method for surgical technologists in the clinical education. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended for all instructional directors in surgical technology course.

Considering the high importance of studentchr('39')s academic achievement motivation, this study was conducted to investigate the role of teaching styles and student-teacher interaction in dropped out studentschr('39') academic achievement motivation.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all students of Shahid Beheshti University referring to the university counseling center due to drop out during 2018-2019. Out of 786 dropped out students referring to the counseling center, 260 students were randomly selected according to the Morganchr('39')s Table, and Hernández-López et al. (2016) Teacher-Student Interaction Scale, Grasha-Reichmann (2000) Teaching Styles Inventory and Harter (1981) Academic Motivation Scale were distributed among them and collected observing ethical principles. Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between total score of achievement motivation and teacher-student interaction, specialized teaching style and interactive teaching style. There was also a significant positive relationship between internal achievement motivation and teacher-student interaction, between interactive teaching style and facilitator teaching style, and between external achievement motivation and teacher-student interaction, specialized teaching style, formal authority teaching style, interactive teaching style and facilitator teaching style. Also, specialized, interactive, and formal authority teaching styles, personal model and student-teacher interaction were able to predict the achievement motivation in students. In addition, interactive and facilitator teaching styles predicted the internal achievement motivation and interactive and facilitator teaching styles, and student-teacher interaction predicted the external achievement motivation.

According to the results, the teachers can help learners by creating dynamic and challenging learning opportunities to gain experience and learn regarding their interests and abilities. Thus, the ground for the emergence of the achievement motivation is provided in them.

Improving the conditions for improving the educational success of martyrs and veterans affairs students is one of the basic responsibilities of university administrators and foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs. In this regard, the present study has identified, categorized, ranked and evaluated the present status of factors affecting the educational success of these students educating in Islamic Azad universities in Tehran.

This research is practical and quantitative. The model developing has been done with an inductive approach and through Delphi method. To this end, 20 experts of higher education as well as managers and staff of foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs have been surveyed during three phases. The model testing has been conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis through PLS software. The statistical population of this section includes 1227 students of Islamic Azad University educating in Tehran, among them 386 persons were randomly selected as the statistical sample. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the existing status of the elements of this model, T -test has been used through SPSS software.

The proposed model consists of four main dimensions: individual factors, environmental factors, educational factors and facilities. Validation of the model confirms the effects of the four identified factors.

Improving the factors presented can help empowering of these students to play a more effective role in the community. Paying attention to the impact factor and the existing status of these factors can help to improve the effectiveness of these practices.

 Anxiety and worry affect the academic performance of adolescent students. In this regard, various treatment methods including Mental Immunization Training and attention training have been suggested by researchers to reduce anxiety and worry. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of these two treatments on the anxiety and worry of talented adolescent students in Maragheh city, Iran.

 This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all talented adolescent students in Maragheh. From the mentioned community, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and replaced in three groups. The two treatment groups received corresponding treatments and completed the Pen Anxiety Inventory (Mir et al., 1990) and the Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al. 1998) for data collection. Research data were analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance in SPSS software.

 The results of the study showed that both treatments, compared to the waiting list, succeeded in reducing studentschr('39') symptoms (p <0.0001). The results also showed that the attention training technique was more effective in the anxiety variable than the stress inoculation training.

 As a conclusion, it can be said that both methods of attention training and Mental Immunization Training were effective in reducing the severity of anxiety, and attention training technique can be considered as one of the effective techniques in reducing studentschr('39') anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of instructional courseware produced on the basis of the MMS design model on the amount of learning and retention of the Hediehae Asemani of female primary school students.

The quasi-experimental research method and the pre-test, post-test, and research were implemented with the control group, the four-group Solomon method. The study population consisted of all sixth grade girl students in Tehran, in the academic year of 2019, who were randomly selected from a school. Sixty students of the sixth grade were selected as the sample research and assigned to four groups. Experimental group was exposured to an independent variable based on the MMS model and was trained in 6 educational sessions. In the control group, the pattern of the traditional teaching method (lecture) was used to train the subjects. The researcher used a researcher-made test with 15 questions. The research findings were analyzed by repeated measures, repeated variance analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Tukeychr('39')s post hoc test.

The results of the research showed that the courseware produced on the basis of MMS design model has an impact on cognitive, attitude and skillful level learning, as well as on cognitive, attitude and skillful retention of students.

Courseware produced on the basis of the educational design model of MMS model affects the level of studentschr('39') learning and retention of the validity and effectiveness that is necessary for use in teaching Hedieahae Asemani lesson.

one of the most important goals in many educational and psychological researches is to study the factors that increase or decrease studentschr('39') academic eagerness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of social support and perfectionism in the academic enthusiasm of the nursing and midwifery students of Karaj city, Iran.

The research method is descriptive correlational. The population of this study included all students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of the city of Karaj in the academic year 2018-2019. Using stratified sampling, 312 people were selected based on Morganchr('39')s table. 310 people responded to Frederic et al. (2004), Social Support Wax et al. (1986) and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Tehran Basharat (2007). To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used in step-by-step method.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between dimensions of perfectionism and social support with academic eagerness, and the perfectionism and social support variables predict the academic enthusiasm that the most predictive power is related to perceptual support of the family, support of friends, community perfectionism, self-perfectionism and others.

Social protection and perfectionism are the most important factors in the academic eagerness of nursing and midwifery students

Today, cultural competence is one of the important issues in the field of health because the most important factors in the development and development of the health system are the human resources with the necessary cultural competence along with other specialized competencies. Despite the importance of this term, it seems that due to the lack of consensus in the concept of cultural competence in medical education, a single and clear definition of it is not provided. The main objective of the present study was to study the comprehensive concept of cultural competence and its levels in medical education.
 

In this qualitative study, we first reviewed the international documents and articles through a library method. Then, in the second step, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 key informants on the field of cultural competence of medical graduates. In the third step, the results of the focus group meeting with the presence of 5 experts were discussed and the following findings were obtained.

In the definition that was presented using the analysis of the results of the interviews and also inspired by the research background and the final summary of the professorschr('39') meeting, it was stated  that "the competent graduate of medical sciences in terms of cultural competence is the one who has the ability to interact effectively with people who have different cultures (including the patient, his associates and colleagues) to provide more effective health care". Accordingly, cultural competence is classified into three levels of individual (human), university (graduate) and medical profession (multicultural understanding for university graduates).

Since cultural competence in Iran can be an appropriate response to the diversity of ethnicity and culture in society, it is suggested to provide a comprehensive concept of cultural competence in medical education programs in order to provide appropriate patterns of cultural competence in graduates. Medical science will also be addressed.