فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 92، تابستان 1401)

Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, with more than half of cancer cases occurring in developing countries. For cancer prevention and control, we need to determine the burden of cancer and its changes according to diverse factors, such as age and gender. It is mandatory to expand the cancer registration system and supervise its functions carefully. The information obtained from Lorestan Cancer Registry will be utilized for therapeutic, research, and academic purposes.

The residents of Lorestan province from 2014-2017 were regarded as the target population. The registered cancer cases in pathology centers, medical records, imaging centers, and death registration centers were considered the incident cases. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the standard population of the World Health Organization. We used the population census of 2010 and 2015 for calculations. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). The significance level was set at 0.05.

In this study, the rate of cancer in Lorestan was higher in men (103.37 per 100,000) than that in women (83.30 per 100,000). The most common registered cancers in Lorestan were stomach, breast, and skin. Within the study period time, the highest median age scores (in years) were recorded as 74, 69, and 66 for prostate, esophagus, and stomach cancers, while the lowest median age scores were reported as 45, 43, and 48 for the brain, thyroid , and breast cancers, respectively.

The incidence of colorectal and lung cancer is on the rise in Lorestan province, which needs more investigation. It is necessary to review the administration of the cancer registration program to ensure that the contribution of data collection resources is reasonable and within the expected range. The incidence rate of some cancers in Borujerd was higher than that in the entire province, which requires etiological studies.

Lipases are one of the most important catalysts in the detergent, dairy, and textile industries due to their biocatalytic activity in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Lipase-producing bacteria are effectively produced and used in various industries by screening their different habitats and optimizing fermentation parameters. The present study aimed to isolate and identify lipase-producing bacteria and investigate their characteristics due to the importance of finding new sources of lipase.

In the present study, wastewater samples from Golbahar Meat Products Factory in Khorramabad, Iran were screened for lipase-producing bacterial strains. The lipase-producing isolates were identified based on morphological and biochemical characterization as well as the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The culture medium parameters such as pH, incubation time, and temperature were varied for optimization.

Three isolates with high lipase activity were identified by screening wastewater samples from Golbahar Meat Products Factory in Khorramabad. The BLAST program indicated the highest sequence similarity of identified isolates of 16S rRNA genes with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Maximum lipase activity was recorded at 48 h of incubation. Moreover, the purified lipase demonstrated maximum activity at 45 °C and pH= 8.0.

The results of this study revealed that the extracellular lipases of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolates are alkaline ones and have relatively good temperature stability which can be used in various industries. Furthermore, the gene encoding lipase enzyme of these isolates can be useful in enzyme engineering and the lipase activity can be changed as desired by site-directed mutagenesis.

Early childhood is a critical period for the development of cognitive, linguistic, social, and motor abilities. Due to the importance of early detection of developmental delays in children, this study aims to investigate the effect of preterm birth and birth weight on the developmental skills among children aged 12-36 months.

In this cohort study, 125 children of 12 to 36 months of age from Khorramabad, Iran, were evaluated in three groups, i.e. preterm group (59 children), low birth weight group and term infants group (21 children), and finally children with average birth weight and term infants group (45 children). This evaluation was carried out using the Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition in five developmental areas. Five models of logistic regression were separately used for modeling the effect of the “age and birth weight of children”. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software using logistic regression analysis, where the significance level was 0.05.

According to the findings related to child screening, the percentage of developmental delay in at least one area was 49.6%, where the highest and lowest rates of delay were 15.2% and 6.4% in fine motor and problem-solving skills, respectively. Moreover, 9.6% of the children were abnormal in communication skills, and 9.6% and 8.8% of the children were bnormal in gross motor skills and personal-social skills respectively. Based on the logistic regression method, the relationships between “the age and birth weight of children” and the state of communication skill development (P=0.235), fine motor skills (P=0.125) and personal-social skills (P=0.307) were insignificant but noticeable.

Low birth weight in full-term infants is a risk factor for delayed communication and fine motor skills, while preterm birth is a risk factor for delayed personal-social skills. Preterm birth and low birth weight are risk factors for developmental delays in children, which require early screening to diagnose and prevent their future complications.

Depression, as a mental disorder, causes many complications in humans. Saffron has been suggested as one of the effective plants in treating various types of depression. The present study aims to assess the effect of the aqueous extract of saffron on depression caused by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in rats.

To induce CSDS, male Wistar intruder rats (Weight= 220-230 g) were put in the cage of male Wistar resident rats (Weight= 280-300 g) for twelve consecutive days (20 min/day). Five minutes before exposure, the intruder rats received either saffron extract (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg). After the exposure, the animals’ weight, desire for the sucrose solution, and locomotor activity were recorded. In addition, at three stages, blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital sinus of animals to evaluate the plasma corticosterone levels. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and repeated measures analysis of variance.

Animals in the stress group showed severe weight loss, decreased desire to drink sucrose solution, decreased mobility, and increased plasma corticosterone level (P<0.05). Administration of saffron aqueous extract with different doses improved these symptoms (P<0.01).

The aqueous extract of saffron can reduce depression in the animal model of CSDS through reducing corticosterone secretion in response to stress.

The search to identify genetic differences affecting athletic performance has become a challenge recently. Iranian weightlifters and karate-kas are the champions of Olympics. Therefore, the aim of study was the comparison of ACE gene single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4646994) profile in Iranian elite karate-kas and weightlifters.

The current analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on elite weightlifters (30 people), karateka (47 people) and non-athletes (43 people). After completing the demographic form and checking the health condition and signing the written consent form by the participants, 5 ml of saliva samples were collected from the participants. ACE genotypes were determined using PCR technique and electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel. The data analyses were done with statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and Chi-square. In all comparisons, a significance level was considered less than 0.05.

The results of our study showed that the percentage of prevalence of D allele in the groups of weightlifters, karate practitioners and non-athletes is 58.3, 73.4 and 65.1, respectively. It was also found that the ID genotype was significantly more common in the elite weightlifting and non-athlete groups and the DD genotype was significantly more common in the elite karate group (P>0.05). In the comparison between karate and weightlifting groups, it was also found that there is a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes (χ2 = 7.471, P = 0.024).

In the study of ACE I / D gene, ID genotype was the most common in the weightlifting group and DD genotype was the most common in the karate group, which is probably a helpful result for those interested in sports talent to choose and participate in one of these two disciplines.

Dental malpractice claims have increased in recent years. Investigating the reasons for dental malpractice can help dentists overcome this issue by providing high-quality service and promoting patient safety. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malpractice in dentistry in Khorramabad, Iran and its possible reasons.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we examined all closed cases of dental malpractice registered by the forensic medicine organization and the medical system in Khorramabad, Iran during 2012-2016, and evaluated contributing factors including demographic factors and type of malpractice. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.22 software.

Out of 73 complaint cases, 65 were evaluated in this study. The mean age of patients was 33.49±10.65. Most of complainants were female (59.3%) aged  30-45 years (41.5%), with a university degree (26.2%), residing in urban areas (70.8%). The maximum interval between the time of treatment and the time of complaint registration was less than one year (72.1%). The majority of complaints were against male dentists (87.5%) with general dentistry education (54.7%). The most frequent final verdict was the malpractice of dentist (49.1%). The majority of malpractices were from negligence type (32%), and most of the complaints were related to performing surgery alone (33.8%).

Most of the dentists with malpractice in Khorramabad city are male general dentists, mostly in the field of surgery. Most of complainants are females. To reduce the incidence of dental malpractice and limit their consequences, it is necessary to develop control strategies and promote the education and training of dental practitioners.

Chlorpyrifos is a type of organophosphorus poison that, despite its widespread use, can lead to tissue damage, including spleen tissue. Khuzestani savory plant has antioxidant properties and is effective in reducing damage caused by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Khuzestani savory plant essential oil on chlorpyrifos-induced spleen toxicity in male Wistar rats.

In this experimental research, 28 adult male rats weighing between 180-220 grams were selected and divided into 4 groups of 7. Were examined. Statistical comparison between the control group, Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg and Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg + chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg using SPSS 22 software and square test Chi was performed with Monte Carlo simulation under a significance level of 0.05.

Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different groups in terms of the distribution of spleen tissue damage types (P=0.005); So, in the chlorpyrifos poison group, tissue damage such as macrophage and pigment accumulation and spleen white pulp analysis was observed, while no tissue damage was observed in the other groups.

Our study showed that the Khuzestan savory plant is effective in preventing tissue damage due to its antioxidant compounds such as carvacrol. Also, considering the negative effects of chlorpyrifos in the doses recommended by the World Health Organization, further investigations are necessary.

Prediabetes is an important risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The current study aims to investigate the changes in miR-204 and serum glucose following eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the men with prediabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design, 24 middle-aged men (aged 40-50 years) with prediabetes (Fasting blood sugar= 110-125 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to the training and control groups. The training group performed the HIIT (High Knee, Butterfly, Burpee, Kettlebell Snatch, and Scott Goblet) with an intensity of 80-90% of heart rate for eight weeks (three sessions in the first four weeks and four sessions in the second four weeks). The blood samples were taken from the subjects 48 hours before and after the last training session to analyze the level of miR-204, lipid profile, and the serum glucose level. Data were analyzed by using paired t-test and ANCOVA in SPSS v.25 software, considering a significance level of P˂0.05.

The eight weeks of HIIT significantly reduced the serum levels of miR-204 (P=0.001), Triglyceride (P˂0.001), Cholesterol (P˂0.001), low-density lipoprotein (P˂0.001), and glucose (P=0.031) compared to the control group. Furthermore, after HIIT, a significant increase in the serum high-density lipoprotein level was observed (P˂0.001).

It seems that miR-204 is an appropriate indicator for regulating the blood glucose level in both diabetic and pre-diabetic men. Furthermore, HIIT can reduce the lipid profile by altering the expression of miR-204 and, subsequently, reducing the glucose level.