نامه الهیات
سال پانزدهم شماره 61 (زمستان 1401)

Zakat is one of the financial religious obligations, the main source of income for the treasury and the largest Islamic tax The emergence of different social and economic approaches and the requirements of the time, the emergence of new jobs, has changed its conditions and requirements. This research reached this conclusion by posing a fundamental question with the aim of analyzing the payment of zakat despite the approval of many taxes in a descriptive-analytical method Shi'a precious jurisprudence needs consideration, thinking and flexibility in dealing with new events and daily needs This matter is obligatory on the jurists and scholars of Sharia in the absence of Imam Masoom to strive for ijtihad during the way and according to the requirements of the time, the expenses of the treasury, two-way payment, maintaining the obligation of zakat and its continuation in the Islamic society, , zakat and the tax system are considered as two treasury resources and taking into account legal, executive, structural and legislative problems By changing the approaches, they should initiate fundamental reforms and implement the desired tax system in the form of Islam, so that it is fruitful and responsive to the developments of the day.

Restorative justice is the result of changes in the attitude towards criminal justice, this process is a resolution process with tools such as mediation of the dispute in a friendly environment with the participation of the victim and the accused with the management of a third party or discussion about the causes, effects and results of the attributed crime. and facilitates the season. This method not only reduces the density of work and the delay of proceedings that dominates the judicial system, but also leads to the prevention and reduction of violations in the long term and the development of a favorable judicial system. The current research is trying to find an answer to this question in a descriptive and analytical way, what crimes does the jurisprudential and legal limitation of mediation include? The findings of the research show that there are no restrictions in the Sharia for referring human rights crimes to mediation, and in the cases of God's rights crimes, where the ruler has the power to pardon or the crime is proven by the confession of the guilty, and in case of repentance, before the crime is committed. According to the imam, it is permissible to refer to mediation before the establishment of evidence. While the legislator in Article 82 of the Criminal Procedure Law has limited the use of mediation only in taziri crimes with degrees 6, 7 and 8, in the sense that it includes limited.

The exegesis of the holy Quran is an area that needs to evolve and be updated in a variety of fields. This study presented different types of exegesis interpretive of Surah Al-Jumu'ah in major exegeses from the 5th and 6th centuries AH. The research shows that the exegeses of this period paid attention to the discussions of Quranic sciences, according to the time and place of descent from the historical aspect, verbal criticism and content analysis of the narrations, as well as the proposal of the differences of the readings that were by removing or adding movements, letters and intensification, telling unusual readings, presented a new classification, in parallel with literary analysis.The types of interpretive included the following: Quranic studies b. the study of variant readings of the Quran .Literary aspect including: a. grammar, b. rhetoric. Exegesis points a. methodological interpretive including lexical study, Quranic verse comparison, and a method based on the exegesist's intuition (mystical method), b. orientation interpretive, including intellectual-theological orientation, and historical- jurisprudential orientation. The research shows that the exegeses of this period paid attention to the discussions of Quranic sciences, according to the time and place of descent from the historical aspect, verbal criticism and content analysis of the narrations, as well as the proposal of the differences of the readings that were by removing or adding movements, letters and intensification, telling unusual readings, presented a new classification, in parallel with literary analysis.

In Ibn Arabi's thought, sleep and dream is important. He has distinguished between connected and disconnected imagination and brought the place of dream in the connected imaginary world and revelation in the disconnected imaginary world. He considers the dream’s interpretation to be related to the connected imaginary world. Therefore, Qur'an cannot be just a dream, because it lacks Shari'at and its rules do not have a grammatical aspect. The dream is one of the divine annunciators and the sincere dream is a part of revelation. Ibn Arabi considers the imagination as a force of the heart, and love is the excess of affection whose manifestation is within the heart. The heart has seven stages as seven layers of the sky, which is in one stage, the mine of affection, love, and compassion for the people, and in the higher stage, the mine of love of the divinity, and finally, the mine of the manifestations of the divinity’s attributes. Therefore, by expressing the position of dream and its relation with revelation, we discuss about calling Qur'an a dream letter and the relationship between sleep, dream, and love in order to determine the secret of man's superiority over other creatures.

Persuading the audience is an intelligent influencing process that mass media owners use in various ways to direct public opinion towards their goals, and perhaps the design and application of these methods are sometimes deceptive and inconsistent with Islamic Sharia; therefore, it is necessary to examine the issue based on Islamic jurisprudence. to be able to obtain the permissibility or impermissibility of persuasion by the mass media, which itself is an indication of innovation; for this reason, the present research with an analytical and inferential method, in addition to discovering the basics and principles of persuasion in the mass media, according to the jurisprudential issues , Tadlis, Tabarj, Testimony and Lying and based on the jurisprudence rules of authenticity, harmlessness, negation of mustache, important and important, and sanctity of contribution to the cause, examined the issue of persuasion in mass media.Persuasion and Jihad Explaining about the command of the good and the prohibition of the bad by the mass media is necessary and the principle is that people in the Islamic society trust the mass media, but not be gullible. It is not to hide the truth and to avoid spreading rumors, because some of them are like slander to the detriment of the believers and guarantees.Also, the promotion of haram in any form, such as the promotion of modeling in the mass media, is considered sacred because it is an accessory to the sin, and in addition, because any kind of infidel influence and domination over Islamic societies

Human beings have purposeful creation in the position of Ashraf and must achieve the degree of perfection in the path of life in order to be worthy of their main position. This important matter has made thinkers to express the way to perfection in many ways. Abu Hamed Mohammad Ghazali, as a thinker and thinker, has expressed valuable opinions about perfection by writing numerous works. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of Imam Muhammad Ghazali's view on the perfection of man on his later thinkers in an analytical-descriptive way. From his point of view, the ultimate perfection of man is to gain control over the soul and as a result to reach the closeness of God. He has mentioned steps to get this rank. These steps begin with finding a guide (bearers of the divine message) and following religion and are strengthened by acquiring knowledge and knowledge. Then by avoiding vices and acquiring virtues, this can be achieved. Ghazali has created many developments in the field of perfection compared to his predecessors, the basis of which was the amount of benefit from religion. He has left his influence in various fields of philosophy, theology and mysticism, which shows the wide scope of his influence. Influences such as turning more attention to religion, moderate rationalism, the integration of Tariqat and Sharia, etc. Molla Sadra, Faiz Kashani, Sanai and Maulvi are among these thinkers who have been most influenced by him.