مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 188، خرداد و تیر 1402)

The prevalence of kidney stones is very high and is estimated at 2-3% in the general population. This disease is one of the common causes of emergency hospitalization of patients in the hospital. In this descriptive and analytical study, 99 patients with kidney stones referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom city were examined in 2022. The data collection tool in this study includes three demographic information and a questionnaire of awareness, attitude and performance. Patients with kidney stones were used to prevent the recurrence of kidney stones. 57 of whom were men (57.6%) and 42 were women (42.4%). Most of them (66.7%) had a family history of kidney stones and they mostly got information about kidney stones through their friends and relatives. The average knowledge score was 24.45±14.29 and 53 people (53.35%) had a poor knowledge score. The average attitude scores were 57.22±13.82 and 20 people (20.4%) had average and poor attitude scores. The average performance scores were 47.5±13.95 and 50 people (50.5%) had average and poor performance scores. The regression results showed that having a medium level of knowledge is 14.36 times (95% confidence interval 159.58-1.29 times) more likely than having a history of kidney stones. Based on the results of the present study, most of the participants in the present study had poor knowledge about the recurrence of kidney stones. But the level of their attitude and performance regarding the recurrence of kidney stones has been average and good.

Diabetes is a disease, which is caused by the cessation of insulin production or the dysfunction of the body. Early detection of diabetic foot ulcers thermal images of the sole of the foot is one of the new methods of diagnosing diabetic foot ulcers. In this paper, by optimizing the nearest neighbor algorithm, early detection of diabetic foot ulcers is performed by comparing the thermal similarity of the left and right soles of the feet. And the condition of the possibility of foot ulcer is diagnosed. In the proposed solution, by removing additional areas and creating a temperature image of the soles of the feet, using image matching techniques and then extracting statistical features such as standard distribution, percentage of dissimilar pixels and average temperature of the soles of the feet, early diagnosis of the ulcer condition is attempted. To evaluate the proposed method, 74 images of gray surfaces were used, in which the image of the left and right soles of the feet is specified in the image, and along with the images, there is a file in which the class of each image is specified. The information file also contains the minimum and maximum temperatures in the image to create a thermal image. Therefore, the above problem is a 3-class classification problem in which 75% of the images are used for training and 25% for testing. We have used thermal images by cross-validation method, which we have achieved with a total accuracy of 85.14%.

Neonatal jaundice is a common problem that leads to many problems such as encephalopathy and hearing loss, kernicterus and death. Due to the importance of preventing the potential complications of hyperbilirubinemia, the present study was performed to determine the level of total cord bilirubin in neonates and to compare with bilirubin three days after birth in Kowsar hospital in Qazvin.

In this prospective cross-sectional study, 100 neonates were evaluated in Kowsar hospital maternity ward and required information was prepared in checklists containing maternal variables (blood group,taking medicine) and the infant's data (name, sex, birth weight, gestational age, breast feeding and formula milk feeding, Apgar score, cord blood bilirubin level, and serum bilirubin level on the third day after birth) were obtained with informed consent and entered into a file by a trained individual. Cord blood samples were also taken to measure the level of bilirubin and to determine the blood group of neonates and venous blood samples were taken on the third day after birth. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive and statistical analysis(P<0.05).

The mean levels of total and direct bilirubin of neonates in birthday and third day were 2.8 ±1.00 and 0.31±0.10 and 13.13±2.53 and 0.29±0.14 mg/dl, respectively. In addition, cord albumin was also reported to be 3.2±0.64. The mean level of total bilirubin at birth and third day was not significantly different between boys and girls (p.value=0.92). There was a significant and direct correlation between maternal age and total cord blood bilirubin level (p.value=0.04), and also total bilirubin level at the third day of birth had a significant and direct correlation with the number of abortions (p.value=0.05). Moreover, the level of total bilirubin and third day of birth were inverse correlated with albumin level.

High risk neonates need more accurate follow-up for jaundice, because timely diagnosis and very simple treatment can reduce the potential risks of neonatal jaundice. The present study showed that cord total bilirubin levels compared with bilirubin three days after birth can be used as a suitable diagnostic method to accurately track neonates at risk of jaundice.

Overweight and obesity are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and the study of interventions affecting inflammation-reducing signaling pathways is a potential therapeutic goal in vitamin D (VD) deficiency-induced diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) and VD supplementation on Sirtuin 1(SIRT1) and Interleukin-10 (IL10) levels in overweight women.

This semi-experimental study was performed on 52 overweight women with VD deficiency (26.04±1.95 years and BMI=27.42±1.10 kg/m2). Subjects were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into exercise, VD, exercise +VD (combined) and control groups. HIIRT consisted of three sets with an intensity of 80% of one maximum repetition, and 150 seconds of rest between sets for 8 weeks. VD was taken weekly at a dose of 50,000 units. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis at P<0.05.

After 8 weeks of VD supplementation, HIIRT and combined intervention, SIRT1 and IL10 levels increased significantly (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the rate of changes in IL10 and SIRT1 levels in the combined group with the exercise (P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively) and VD (P<0.001) groups and also in the exercise group with the VD supplement group (P=0.004 and P=0.008, respectively).

It seems that HIIRT is more effective in increasing SIRT1 and IL10 and thus reducing inflammation and its complications in overweight conditions with low VD status, so that concurrent exercise interventions and VD consumption is associated with reinforcement these effects.

The objective of the present study was to offer a model of emotional experiences of clinical and family therapists in clinical therapy sessions. The research method was inductive study approach the methodology whereof was qualitative and the research strategy was conducted according to data-based theorization. The statistical population of the study included the clinical and family therapists in the city of Isfahan in the spring and summer of 2021. The sample size continued according to the interview and theoretical saturation process during which the sample size was 20 clinical and family therapists. The findings implied that the therapists’ burnout included familial and social relationships, being influenced by personal life, persistent feelings resulting from sessions and long-term occupational changes and effects. The type of relationship with the clients in therapy room, too, included success during the therapy, being honest with the client, improvement of relationship with the client, feeling of turning away from the client, reaction to the client’s failures, being admired by the client, dealing with critical client and powerful relationship with the client. Occupational challenges included the client with the problems similar to the therapist, technique of dealing with the feelings of therapy room, difficult experienced emotions in therapy room, revelation technique, mistake in therapy, controlling emotion, feeling failed, hard clients and therapy costs too. In the same way, emotions included secondary and primary emotions, client-directed experiences emotion and self-directed experiences emotion and secondary emotions included fear, surprise, sadness, anger, shame, and primary emotions included fear and happiness.

Due to the common pathogenesis of acne and androgenetic alopecia, many studies have been performed on the association of acne with alopecia in women, but this study tries to evaluate the relationship between the severity of acne and alopecia in men.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 150 male patients with acne referred to the clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad. The diagnosis of acne was made based on the clinical picture and by examining the patients, the severity of acne, the presence of alopecia in the person and its severity were evaluated. The severity of acne was divided into five degrees: mild, moderate, relatively severe, severe and very severe, depending on the type, number and location of the lesions. The severity of alopecia was divided into seven degrees according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification system. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data and the relationship between variables was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient.

There is a correlation between the severity of acne and the severity of alopecia and due to the positive correlation coefficient with increasing severity of acne, the severity of alopecia also increases and this relationship is significant. (P-value=0.018 and rs=0.218)

In our study, there was a significant relationship between the severity of acne and the severity of alopecia, so that with increasing severity of acne, the severity of alopecia increases.

Recent studies have shown that students' attitudes may change during studying. Medical students. Thus, the lack of motivation in these students who chose their field ultimately will reduce the quality of clinical education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of Yasuj paramedical school students towards their field of study, studying at higher levels, and, future of their career.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 196 samples of students from paramedical faculty in 2018 were chosen randomly. Data were collected using a questionnaire with twelve questions, and also demographic information of the students was documented. Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software using ANOVA, Chi-square, and t-tests.

In this study, 78 (39.8%) males and 118 (60.2%) female students’ involved. 130 (66.3%) participants of paramedical students had a negative attitude toward their field of study. Also, 127 students (64.8%) had a negative attitude toward studying at higher levels and 114 students (58.2%) had a negative attitude towards their future career. Finally, the overall attitude (attitude toward the field, studying at higher levels, and future career) was negative for the majority of students (68.9%). There was no significant association between attitude score with semester (p =0.158).

Based on our results, most of the paramedical students had a negative attitude toward their field of study, studying at higher levels, and future career. Their attitudes can be improved with reasonable employment to admission ratio, and also a fair balance between paramedical staff and other medical staff salaries.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-based mindfulness training on hope and personality type D syndromes in cardiac patients with ICD. The research method was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study were cardiac patients who had referred to Rasht hospitals from the beginning of 1400 to the end of September 1400 for the purpose of ICD implantation. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 30 people was selected. The data collection tool was the life expectancy scale of Snyder et al. (1991) and the type D personality type scale of Denault (1998). The experimental and control groups were pre-tested using research tools. Then, compassion-based mindfulness training was implemented for eight sessions for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, the experimental and control groups were post-tested using research tools. Three months later, a follow-up test was conducted for both experimental and control groups. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of hope-based compassion awareness (P<0.01) and D personality type syndromes (P<0.01) is effective in heart patients with ICD. These results were sustained in the three-month follow-up. The use of compassion-based mindfulness therapy can reduce the treatment-care costs of patients; Therefore, it is recommended to specialists along with medical interventions.

The coronavirus disease 2019 or severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus identified at the end of 2019. The use of plants and derivate phytochemicals compounds for immune enhancement has been reported by several recent studies. The present study reviewed the possible therapeutic properties of phytochemicals on SARS-CoV-2. The key words including; “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Phytochemicals” or “flavonoid” or “natural product” in the Title/Abstract were searched in scientific databases, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Phytochemicals including; thymoquinone (TQ), Kaempferol (KA), Hesperidin (Hes) and Quercetin (QU) showed antiviral properties including, inhibition of protein kinase B and phosphorylation of protein kinase as well as blocking effects on a selective channel expressed in the infected cell of SARS-CoV (3a channel). The phytochemicals also reduced the level pro-inflammatory cytokines including; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 α, IL-1 β, and chemokines. Phytochemicals might be beneficial effects in the control or treatment of infectious disease such as SARS-CoV-2 due to antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

Genuvarum, genuvalgum are two common conditional disorders in the knee joint that making changes to the normal position of the lower extremity ,causes changes to the center of gravity over the reliance level and restricts control of balance and movement of the body. The purpose of this study was to The effect of a period of corrective and exercise movements on improving the deviations of the frontal plate in adolescents active with Genuvarum, Genuvalgum. Subjects of this study were divided into three groups of 12 (genuvarum, genuvalgum and healthy) by angle values ​​of Q. The exercise protocol was conducted for 8 weeks per day, including 10 minutes of warm up, 45 minutes of selected training program and 5 minutes of cool down and was added to the time and the number of repetitions during the exercise. The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of corrective and exercise exercises can significantly increase the angle of Q in the genuvarum group and reduce in the genuvalgum group. According to the results of this study, the need to pay more attention to corrective and exercise movements in athletes with this disorder is felt.

Intrudoction: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the level of academic stress by using ineffective attitudes with the mediation of mindfulness in second secondary school students of Tonkabon city.

The method of descriptive research was correlation type. The statistical population of the research was all the students of second secondary schools in Tankabon city in the academic year of 2019-2019. 361 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the Krejci Morgan table using the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was Godzella's Academic Stress Questionnaire (1991), Wiseman and Beck's Ineffective Attitudes Questionnaire (1978) and Baer et al.'s (2006) five-faceted Mindfulness Questionnaire. Path analysis and simple and multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data.

The results of the research showed that ineffective attitudes and mindfulness can explain 23% and 16% of the changes in the academic stress criterion variable, respectively. Also, dysfunctional attitudes can explain 19% of the variable changes in the criterion of mindfulness. Also, the results showed that ineffective attitudes have a direct effect on academic stress (β=0.42) and an inverse effect on mental awareness (β=-0.37).

Dysfunctional attitudes can predict students' academic stress both directly and through the mediation of mindfulness.

Nowadays, obesity and overweight are known as one of the causes of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and combined exercises on HIF1 gene expression, PGC1a plasma levels and body composition of overweight elderly men.

The subjects of this study were 40 overweight elderly men who were randomly divided into four endurance groups (n=12), resistance training group (n=12), combined training group (n=12) and control group (n=12) with age ranges. 60.75 ± 3.42 (years), weight 92.06 ± 2.84 (kg), height 1.73 ± 3.25 (m), body mass (kg/m2) 30.51 ± 1.59, the percentage of fat was 28.38 ± 1.40. The resistance training group (60-80% 1RM), the endurance training group (60-75% VO2max) and the combined training group performed their exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week). In order to measure HIF1 gene expression in white blood cells, Real-time PCR method and ELISA method was used for PGC1a plasma levels. To analyze the data, one-way Anova and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that all three types of exercise significantly increased HIF1 gene expression (P<0.001), increased PGC1a (P<0.001), decreased fat mass (P<0.001), and a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups.

It seems that endurance, resistance and combined exercises increase factors related to the health of the elderly.

Considering that diabetes brings mental, physical, personal, family and social relationships and people's understanding of their health, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of integrated transdiagnostic treatment on cognitive-behavioral avoidance and self-care activities in patients with diabetes. It is type 2 diabetes.

The research method was experimental and a pre-test-post-test design was used with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all married men and women suffering from type 2 diabetes in Ahvaz, who were members of the Diabetes Association of this city in 1400. To collect information from this statistical population, 40 of these patients were selected using diagnostic interview, oral interview and based on the entry and exit criteria, screening and purposefully and after matching by pairwise method and Individuals were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 20 people, (experimental group with integrated meta-diagnostic treatment method (20 people) and control group (20 people). Research tools include cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (Ettenberg and Dobson, 2004) and The scale of diabetes self-care activities was (Tobert et al., 2000). The data were analyzed through multivariate (MANCOVA) and univariate (ANCOVA) analysis of covariance.

The results showed that integrated transdiagnostic treatment on avoidance Cognitive-behavioral and self-care activities are effective (p<0.05).

It seems that this intervention can reduce cognitive-behavioral avoidance and increase self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on self criticism of female students exposed to high-risk behaviors. The research method was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage design (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included female students exposed to high-risk behaviors who were studying at Hasht Behesht Non-Profit University, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad and Isfahan in the academic year of 2020-2021. thirty five female student exposed to high-risk behaviors were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 student in the experimental and 17 student in the control group). The students in the experimental group received ten seventy five-minute sessions of logo therapy during ten weeks. High Risk Behaviors Questionnaire (Mohammadkhani, 2007) and Self criticism Questionnaire (Loeiz, 1998) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that logo therapy has significant effect on the self criticism (p<0001, Eta=0.53, F=41.94) in the female students exposed to high-risk behaviors. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that logo therapy can be used as an efficient method to decreace self criticism of female students exposed to high-risk behaviors through employing techniques such as change in attitudes and taking logo via logo discovery method, accountability, overcoming despair, increasing life hope and affective support of the members from each other.

 This study was conducted to desig a futures research model with a strategic thinking approach in higher education. Futurology want predict development and improvement in the probable and possible future by analyzing of the current situation, identifying mechanisms of change and defining different scenarios.

 The research method was qualitative-quantitative (mix method) with emphasis on structural equations. The statistical population included 25 specialists and experts in the qualitative section who were targeted by snowball method and in the quantitative section included all the staff of Farhangian University of Khorasan provinces (396 people),196 people were selected using the proportional stratified method by Morgan table. The research instrument were interview and researcher-made questionnaire whose Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98. Their face and content validity were confirmed by experts. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 and PLS software.

 A model was designed by collected data that among the dimensions of futurology, futurism, leadership and creativity are more important than other dimensions (coefficient 0.81, 0.82, 0.83) and among the dimensions of strategic thinking; the organizational dimension (coefficient 0.84) is the most important and intuitive dimension (coefficient 0.73) is the lowest in the University.

 It is proposed establishing a futurology table to determine strategies in all areas and stakeholders using local, national, regional and international capacities for the favorable future of universities and higher education institution.

The current research is a descriptive and comparative study with an applied purpose. The general purpose of the research is to investigate the comparative study of the quality of life of female heads of households and ordinary women in Hersin city and to provide basic solutions in accordance with the results of the research for use in many organizations involved in the work, policymakers and planners of social and support fields. The statistical population included all married women as well as female heads of households in Hersin during the research period, and 380 people were selected based on cluster and random sampling. The survey research method and data collection tool is a questionnaire (quality of life France 1996 and "researcher-made" questions). Statistical analyzes using SPSS software in two descriptive parts (tables, various graphs, relative and cumulative percentages, frequencies and averages) and standard deviation) and inferential (confirmatory factor analysis techniques, two-group independent t-test and structural equation modeling) have been performed. In the two groups of female heads of the household and ordinary women, it shows that in terms of physical dimension (F=452.24, Sig=0.000), psychological dimension (F=530.31, Sig=0.000), social dimension (F513.05) =, Sig=0/000) there is a significant difference between the quality of life of these two groups. Also, the findings of the research indicate a significant difference between the amount of social support, social capital, social relations, and family status of female heads of households and ordinary women.

Human resource capacity is the most important factor in the survival of organizations such as hospitals which plays an important role in the return and maintenance of patients' physical and mental health; therefore, special attention to empowering people in hospitals is more important than any organization; therefore, the aim of this study is psychological empowerment based on nurses' lived experiences.

The research was a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method that aimed to discover the factors of psychological empowerment based on the lived experiences of nurses. Participants in the study were 16 nurses of Mashhad Hospital who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected according to in-depth, individual and semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the data were saturated. After the written implementation of the interview, the interviews were analyzed based on the hermeneutic approach.

Analysis of data on psychological empowerment of nurses showed that 439 codes and 4 secondary concepts. Regarding family predisposing factors, 279 codes and 5 secondary concepts . And individual / psychological underlying factors 357 codes and 5 secondary concepts were identified.

Considering the importance of psychological empowerment, it can be suggested that hospital managers pay more attention to increasing the level of nurses 'empowerment indicators by identifying social processes that are effective in people's attitudes and creating an atmosphere that paves the way for nurses' empowerment.

, the aim of the present study was to present the modeling of structural equations of happiness based on attachment styles and communication skills with the mediation of self-compassion in the elderly.

The research method was analytical and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes located in the cities of Gilan province in 2018-2019 and the sampling method was available. According to the number of research variables, the statistical sample of this research was 210 people. In order to collect data, Oxford's happiness scales (2002), Queen Damm's interpersonal communication skills (2004), Neff et al.'s self-compassion (2003), and Hazen and Shiver's (1987) adult attachment style were used. SPSS version 24 and Amos version 24 and Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that communication skills were significantly related to self-compassion (P=0.002, Beta=1.3) and self-compassion to happiness (P=0.41, Beta=2.8). But attachment style was not related to self-compassion (P=0.21, Beta=1.2). Also, the indirect effect of attachment style on happiness was equal to 2.7 (P=0.013) and communication skills on happiness was equal to 0.052 (P=0.025). The goodness of fit indices of the fitted conceptual model were obtained as

Therefore, it seems that strengthening the communication skills of the elderly will increase their level of happiness. Also, attachment styles affect the happiness of the elderly.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing to maximal aerobic training on biomarkers of heart damage in Iran's Premier Football League players.The present study was a semi-experimental research. From among this society, 20football players were selected as available samples. The assessment of incremental aerobic activity to the maximum was by implementing the Bruce protocol. In order to test hypotheses and compare dependent variables in different groups, analysis of variance test was used in repeated measures, and Bonferroni test was used to compare between blood sampling stages. The analysis of collected data was done using 25SPSS software.According to the results, there was no significant difference in the amount of galectin-3between the pre-test phase and immediately and 24 hours after the test. Also, there was a significant difference in CTnI and CTnT in the pre-test and after the test. CTnI and CTnT levels increased significantly immediately after the test. and then returned to the initial state 24 hours later. Also, a significant difference in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was observed in the pre-test, immediately and 24 hours after the exercise. Brain natriuretic levels increased significantly immediately after the test and decreased significantly after 24 hours and returned to the initial levels 24 hours later. It can be concluded that aerobic exercise increasing to the maximum may lead to an increase in cardiac specific troponin I and T and brain natriuretic peptide. However, the increase appears to be temporary and does not cause heart damage.

One of the main tasks and goals of the education system is to train free-thinking, responsible, truth-seeking, brave, active and creative people. This system can achieve its goals when it is commensurate with changes in various sectors. Human society, especially in the field of learning theories, has undergone a fundamental transformation in all its parts. The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of how to conduct research. According to this study, evaluating and measuring the achievement of these goals is the responsibility of the evaluation system and academic evaluation is one of the important factors in improving learning and progress. In this regard, the descriptive evaluation system in the primary school with the aim of creating fundamental changes in the Iranian education system and with regard to new approaches in the process of teaching learning and passing from knowledge-based evaluation to ability-based evaluation has been implemented. From the issues raised, it is concluded that the relationship between evaluation and academic achievement is an issue that can be examined from different angles, and evaluation should help the fluidity of thought and the academic growth of students while creating the problem. And provide the ground for students' academic progress. Following the changes in the educational system, the evaluation methods have also changed and the procedure has changed from result-oriented evaluation from a behaviorist perspective to process-oriented evaluation from a conformist perspective.