مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی مشهد
سال چهل و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 127، زمستان 1402)

Considering the mental health of dental students is highly important due to its impact on the physical and mental health of the patients they treat. This study aimed to investigate the mental health of undergraduate dental students of Mashhad Dental School, in the academic year of 2020-2021.

Methods & Materials: 

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the 90-item SCL-90-R questionnaire was distributed among undergraduate dentistry students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected through both online and paper-based surveys from September 2020 – June 2021. The mental health status of each participant was determined according to the obtained score and was classified as one of the four categories: no mental disorder (0-1), mild mental disorder (1-2), moderate mental disorder (2-3), and severe mental disorder (3-4). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

This study was conducted on 530 dental students, among whom 52.6% (n=279) and 47.4% (n=251) of the subjects were female and male, respectively. Based on the results, 26% (n=138), 3.8% (n=20), and 0.4% (n=2) of the participants had mild, moderate, and severe disorders, respectively. The worst mental health statuses were related to the fields of paranoid ideation, obsession-compulsion disorders, and interpersonal sensitivity, while the best mental health status was found in the field of phobic anxiety. According to the findings, the only significant relationship was found between mental health and gender (P=0.012). No significant relationships were observed between mental health status and marital status (P=0.283), residential status (P=0.728), semester of entry (P=0.222), and year of entry (P=0.964).

Based on the results, the majority of the students lacked mental disorders and about one-third of the students suffered from mental disorders. Female students had significantly worse mental health status compared to males. There was no statistically significant relationship between other variables and mental health.Keywords: Dental students, mental health, SCL-90-R questionnaire

Compromised fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars, is one of the most common dental problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of using fiberglass with bulk fill composite on fracture resistance of premolars.

In this in vitro study, 60 healthy human premolar teeth were divided into 5 equal groups (n=12). The first group included healthy teeth without any cavity preparation. These teeth were considered as control group (negative control). In group 2, MOD cavity was prepared but not repaired and they were considered as positive control. Group 3, MOD cavity preparation was done similarly to group 2. The cavity was repaired with composite. Group 4: Preparation of the MOD cavity and etching and bonding steps were carried out in the same way as the previous group. A layer of composite was placed on the pulpal floor of the cavity and before curing, glass fiber was placed on the composite in the bucco-lingual direction and cured for 40 seconds. In group 5, cavity preparation and bonding were performed similar to the previous groups. Cavities were filled with composite up to a thickness of 4 mm. Then, glass fiber was extended on the composite and then the sample was cured for 40 seconds. The fracture resistance of the teeth was checked with a universal test device and finally the data was analyzed with SPSS software.

In the gingival fiber-reinforced group, the fracture toughness was significantly higher than the bulk composite-restored group (P=0.01), but this difference was not significant in the occlusal fiber group (P=0.870). No significant difference was observed between occlusal and gingival fiber groups. (P=0.38)

Restoring endodontically treated premolars with bulk fill composite increases their fracture resistances, equal to an intact tooth, and using glass fibers in the gingival area of the cavity enhances its effect.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of food intolerance that leads to difficulties in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This disease can have destructive effects on oral and dental health. This study attempted to investigate the association of dmft index with oral health related quality of Life in (OHRQoL) children with celiac disease.

This cross-sectional study was conducted including 49 children, with celiac, and 49 healthy children, aged 3-6 years. To determine the dmft index, World Health Organization criteria were used and the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) was applied to define OHRQoL. The data were analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS 20, at a significance level of P < 0. 05.

The mean dmft for the case group was 2.46±2.75 and significantly less than the control group with a mean of 3. 77±2. 86 (P=0. 009). The mean score of OHRQoL was 14.08±3.23 and 17.02±15.88 for the case and control groups, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.567). There was a significantly positive correlation between the OHRQoL score and dmft index for both case and control groups (p<0/001).

Despite the lower mean dmft index in children with Celiac disease, oral health related quality of life was similar for both groups.

Dental anomalies can lead to malocclusions, compromise aesthetics, complicate endodontic procedures and tooth extraction. The presence of dental anomalies can predispose the individual to other oral and dental diseases.  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies of permanent dentition in a sample of Iranian population.

Through this cross-sectional study, panoramic radiographs which were taken from September 2016-2020 were retrieved form the archived files of a private radiographic center in Bushehr, Iran. Radiographs of individuals with permanent dentition were selected, and a random sample was obtained using a non-randomized cluster sampling method. Radiographs were evaluated by a single oral and maxillofacial radiologist, and dental anomalies were identified and categorized. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency, mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used and significance level was set at 0.05.

A total of 4962 radiographs were evaluated; 913 cases (18. 40%) had at least one dental anomaly. Abnormalities such as dens in dent (10. 3%), congenital missing (3. 35%) and impaction (2. 64%) were the most prevalent. The permanent left maxillary lateral incisor was the most common tooth in terms of prevalence of dental anomalies. The prevalence of dental anomalies in males was significantly higher than females (P= 0.03)

Anomalies in morphology, number especially dens in dente and missing were the most common anomalies in the investigated population. The prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly higher in the maxilla and especially in the lateral incisors. Therefore, early identification and treatment is necessary in order to prevent the complications caused by these anomalies.

This study aims to investigate the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis and the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on HbA1 levels.

In this clinical trial study, 40 non-diabetic subjects 30 to 50 years old were selected in the study in two case and control groups. The case group included 20 non-diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis and the control group included 20 non-diabetic subjects with healthy periodontium. Clinical periodontal parameters included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured in all subjects. The case group received non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Subjects were re-evaluated for periodontal and HbA1c after three months.

Before the non-surgical periodontal treatment, the level of HbA1c in the case group was higher than in the control group (P<0.001). The level of HbA1c before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in the intervention group was 5/45±0/62% and 5/23±0/69% respectively, which according to the analysis, the difference is significant (P<0.0001), while in the control group, the level of HbA1c before and after does not show a significant difference (P = 0.66).

This study showed that chronic periodontitis could affect glycemic control in otherwise systemically healthy individuals. Periodontal therapy improved periodontal health status and decreased HbA1c levels.

The use of latex gloves is an essential solution to break the chain of infection. Due to the relatively high incidence of allergies from latex gloves, nitrile gloves are considered an alternative to them. Surface inhibition of polymerization of polyvinyl siloxane impression materials has been identified as a significant complicating factor in the construction of indirect restorations. This study has been designed to determine the effect of latex and nitrile gloves on polymerization inhibition of elastomeric impression putties.

This in vitro study included a total of 120 specimens of two additional silicone and one condensation silicone putties. A single operator mixed base and catalyst of putties with bare hands and another one placed specimens on a clean alcohol-treated slab at room temperature as in 4 groups as follows: by washed hands (control group), powdered latex, powder-free latex, and nitrile gloves. The extent of polymerization was evaluated by observation and divided into two groups: inhibited and non-inhibited. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05).

In the condensation silicone putty group, the polymerization inhibition in contact with any of the gloves wasn’t statistically significant (P-value = 1). However; the powdered latex glove, unlike other types of gloves, significantly inhibited the polymerization of selected additional silicone putties. (P-value = 0.0001)

This study shows that the use of powdered latex during impression-making procedures should be contraindicated and the use of nitrile or powder-free latex gloves should be emphasized when working with elastomeric impression materials.Keywords: elastomeric impression materials, latex glove, nitrile glove

Considering the morphology of alveolar bone is of great importance in orthodontic treatment planning. This study aimed to investigate the thickness of the anterior alveolar bone of the jaws in subjects with class I and class III malocclusions.

This cross-sectional study evaluated 50 CBCT images of the upper jaw and 20 CBCT images of the lower jaw obtained from the archive of a Radiology Center. The selected patients had equal numbers of class I or class III malocclusions. The thickness of the alveolar bone was measured in the anterior parts of the maxilla and mandible at three areas including the apex, middle root and alveolar crest at both buccal and lingual sides. To assess data reliability, 20% of images were randomly selected and the measurements were repeated 10 days later. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

There was no significant difference in the mean age (P=0.448) and gender (P=1.00) of the patients between the two groups. In the upper jaw, the mean alveolar bone thickness in class III patients was significantly lower at the buccal crest (P=0.015) and palatal apex (P<0.001) areas, and significantly greater at the buccal apex area (P<0.001), as compared to class I patients. In the lower jaw, bone thickness at the lingual side of the middle (P=0.024) and apical (P=0.045) root areas was significantly lower and at the bucco-apical region was significantly greater in class III than class I patients (P=0.049). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning bone thickness at other regions of the upper and lower jaws (P>0.05)

It is necessary to pay more attention to alveolar bone thickness at the buccal crest of the maxilla and lingual region of the mandible in class III patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

In order to prevent postoperative injuries in the interforaminal region, the dentist must be aware of the anatomical variations in the anterior mandible. The purpose of this study is to CBCT based evaluation of mandibular lingual foramina and incisive canal in selected Iranian population.

This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study. 214 CBCT images of mandible patients referred to a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Tehran were examined. Prevalence and diameter of the lingual foramina, the related canal length and position of its beginning at lingual side of mandible, middle point of alveolar crest or CEJ of teeth and genial Tubercle furthermore prevalence, length and diameter of incisal mandibular canal and its position related to the inferior border, buccal and lingual cortex of mandible were measured. In addition, the effect of patient’s age and gender on the measurement of anatomical dimensions was evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

This study examined 83 males and 131 females. 208 (97.2percent) subjects showed the lingual foramina (LF), double MLF and double LLF predominating. 202 (94/0percent) subjects had the MIC. No significant relationship was found between diameter, location of LF and sex, as well as between diameter and length of LF channel and age (P˃0.05). While the average length of the left MIC was higher in men (P˂0.05).

This study showed a high prevalence of LF and MIC in the selected Iranian population. Therefore, caution should be taken during the implant treatment at the anterior mandible region.

Successful root canal therapy requires knowledge of the anatomy of the root canal system and complete clearance. Given the possibility of a second canal in mandibular incisors, it is important to find and completely debride this canal Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anatomy of the root canal of mandibular incisor teeth using CBCT.

In this descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study, CBCT images were evaluated from three sagittal dimensions (number of roots, channel type, apical foramen deviation from radiographic apex), coronal (apical foramen deviation from radiographic apex) and axial (channel type). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 2016) through descriptive statistics using frequency distribution and Chi-square test. cases less than 0.05 were considered significant.

In this study, 606 mandibular incisor teeth were examined. The mean deviation of apical foramen from radiographic apex was 0.431 ± 0.296 mm. Only 1 double-rooted tooth was observed. 34.5% of the teeth were double-channel and 65.5% were single-channel. Class 1 and 3 Vertucci morphology was the most common and other classes included about 1.5% of the samples.

According to the results, mandibular incisors in females and males are more single rooted and have a single canal. Regarding the Vertucci classification, the most prevalent type was type I.

The purpose of this study is to comparison the effect of dental treatments under general anesthesia and outpatient on the level of fear and anxiety and quality of life related to oral health of children.

Methods & Materials: 

In this cross sectional study two groups of 3 to 6 years old children are selected, one group need dental treatment with general anesthesia and the other group need outpatient treatment in the office. Questionnaires for assessing the child's fear and anxiety level (DS-CFSS) and evaluating the quality of life related to the child's mouth (F-ECOHIS) are provided to the parents before the treatment and 1 month after the treatment. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version17) using Mann whitney, T-Test , Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks.The level of significancy was 0.05.

Anxiety before the treatment and also after the end of the treatment was significantly higher in the general anesthesia group than in the outpatient treatment group (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Children's anxiety score has decreased significantly in the outpatient treatment method (p=0.007) and in the treatment method under general anesthesia decreased significantly (p<0.001). The quality of life of children in the outpatient treatment group was significantly higher than the general anesthesia group before the study (p=0.008). There is no significant difference in the quality of life after the treatment between children in the outpatient treatment group and general anesthesia. (p=0.614).

Both methods, outpatient treatment and treatment under general anesthesia are highly effective and have a positive effect on the quality of life related to children's oral health and are able to reduce their anxiety. The treatment under general anesthesia was more successful in reducing anxiety of children comparison to base line ,but in related to the quality of life there was no significant difference.

The relationship between chronic apical periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes is still a matter of debate. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic evidence of chronic apical periodontitis in mothers with low-birth-weight preterm births infants.

eighty nine women in postpartum period were included in this case-control study. The case group consisted of mothers of low birth weight (less than 2500 grams , n= 30), and preterm(less than 37 weeks, n= 29) infants and the control group was represented by mothers of newborns at term (n = 30). The CAP diagnosis was performed by using periapical radiographs through the periapical index in postpartum period. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests and one way ANOVA.

The results of this study showed that 53.3% of the mothers in the control group, 55.2% in the preterm delivery group, and 53.3% in the low birth weight group had chronic apical periodontitis, and no statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups (P˃ 0.05).

Within the limits of this study, it seems that the presence of periapical lesions in mothers may not be a risk for the preterm and low birth weight infants.

Iatrogenic damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is one of the possible complications that may occur during dental procedures. In this study, we examined three patients who suffered from IAN damage and lip paresthesia after receiving dental care and were then treated with photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy.

Case Report: 

Case 1; a 56-year-old woman presenting with lip, chin and buccal mucosa paresthesia following the extraction of the left mandibular second molar and bone grafting. The patient admitted to our clinic after 18 months with the diagnosis of IAN related paresthesia and was treated with PBM therapy. Case 2; a 38-year-old woman reported sensory loss in lip, chin and buccal mucosa in the right quadrant after implant placement.  Implant was removed immediately and after two weeks, patient underwent PBM treatment which was performed in two cycles that were 6 months apart. Case 3; A 29-year-old woman suffered from lip, chin and buccal mucosa paresthesia in the right site after receiving a single-visit mandibular molar root canal treatment. She underwent PBM therapy after two weeks. Diode 980 nm laser was used. Treatment outcomes were assessed by measuring the palpation and thermal sensation of the affected area using visual analogue scale (VAS). The obtained VAS scores were compared with those of the intact side of the mandible. All three patients reported that sensation in the numbed area improved during the treatment sessions and complete or partial recovery was achieved after the treatment period.

  Since PBM therapy is able to stimulate the regeneration of the damaged IAN, it can be considered as a non-invasive treatment option with minimal complications.