a. yousefi

Mahtab barley variety (line CB-84-10) was initially selected from International Winter Barley Crossing Block Nursery received from ICARD in 2001-2002 cropping season. During observational evaluation, preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial during 2002-2005 cropping seasons based on its considerable grain yield compared to the other studied genotypes, this line was selected for final evaluation in the elite barley lines yield trial which was conducted in Karaj, Mashhad, Jolge rokh, Miandoab, Tabriz, Ardabil, Hamadan and Arak research stations during 2005-2007 cropping seasons. The average grain yield of Mahtab cultivar in this experiment was 7167 kgha-1, that was 591 kgha-1 (9%) higher than the grain yields of check variety Bahman. Mahtab has facultative growth habit, plant height of 88 cm, thousand kernel weight of 44 grams and exhibits lodging resistance and non-shattering rachis as well as wide adaptability across cold regions of the country. In addition, this variety has moderately-resistant (MR) to moderately-susceptible (MS) infection responses to yellow rust and powdery mildew and MR infection response to barley stripe and barley net blotch. The protein content of this variety is 11.5% that indicates its appropriate quality for animal feeding. Based on high biomass of Mahtab variety in the soft dough stage, this cultivar can be also used as green forage for animal feeding. Agricultural lands located in the cold regions of Alborz, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Hamadan, Zanjan, Ghazvin, Markazi, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan and Kerman provinces are appropriate areas for cultivation of the new cultivar.

The presence of a notable and conflicting connection between the Shiite-Sunni geopolitics within the Islamic world, as they vie for leadership of the Islamic world, and the geopolitical rivalries among regional nations and global powers in the Middle East, has had an impact on the patterns and aspects of regional security. This influence has been further compounded by the rise and expansion of religious fundamentalist groups, such as ISIS. This article initially elucidates the geopolitical origins behind the establishment of Salafi Islamic extremist factions, with a particular focus on the rise and existence of ISIS in the area. Subsequently, an analysis is conducted on the impact of the aforementioned phenomenon on the regional security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The primary focus of this study is to examine the geopolitical factors that contribute to the emergence of religious fundamentalist groups and assess their influence on the regional security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The historical and identity backgrounds in state-building and incomplete modernization in influential geographical areas play a significant role in shaping the formation of religious fundamentalist groups. These findings are based on explanatory and analytical methods that investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between two independent and dependent variables in geopolitics. The geopolitical rivalry among regional entities and global powers is also a significant determinant. These groups have presented problems to the regional security of Iran by establishing their radical ideology in specific territories, affecting Iran's geopolitical, geostrategic, and geocultural spheres.

‎Let $\mathsf{G}$ be a discrete group acting on $C^*$-algebra $\Im$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we investigate projectivity and injectivity of $G$-Hilbert $\Im$-modules and study the equivalent conditions characterizing $\mathsf{G}$-$C^*$-subalgebras of the algebra of compact operators on $\mathsf{G}$-Hilbert spaces in terms of general properties of $\mathsf{G}$-Hilbert $\Im$-modules‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎we show that $\mathsf{G}$-Hilbert $\Im$-(bi)modules on $\mathsf{G}$-$C^*$-algebra of compact operators are both projective and injective‎.

This study determines the amount of irrigation water saved as a result of the subsidy policy to adapt from flood to drip irrigation. We developed a positive mathematical programming model (PMP) to evaluate the effect of economic incentives on farmers’ decisions to choose the type of irrigation technology, cropping pattern, and "water use" and "water consumption" in rural Garkan Shomali district, which is part of the Najafabad aquifer. We collected data through farm surveys, desk research, and expert interviews. The results showed that a reduction in the financial costs of converting flood irrigation into drip irrigation can lead to farmers investing in this technology. In the current water allocation scenario, the subsidy policy increases the water consumption of drip-irrigated crops by 28%, of which 19% is non-consumed water before subsidy payment and the rest is related to the reduction of furrow-irrigated lands. Also, under non-volumetric water delivery conditions, the operating costs reduce and the net income of the farms increases because of the increase in efficiency and the development of the area under cultivation, which increases water consumption while the water use is constant. In the volumetric water delivery scenario, with the increase in subsidies, the net income of the farms will increase without developing the area under cultivation and only because of the increased yield. Therefore, subsidy policy increases irrigation efficiency at both the farm and regional levels and is an effective tool for dealing with drought conditions.

This paper investigates the effect of the immersion ratio parameter on the hydrodynamic performance of three surface-piercing propellers with diameters of 0.125, 0.132 and 0.140m at different advancing speeds. Experimental tests have been carried out in the free surface water tunnel of the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. The results showed that the maximum thrust coefficient of three propellers occurs in the velocity range of 3-3.5 m/s. This interval represents the transition area of the three propellers. Also, the effect of the blockage ratio on the hydrodynamic coefficients of three propellers relative to the advance coefficient has been studied. By increasing the immersion depth raises the propeller's wet surface and increases the thrust and torque hydrodynamic coefficients. However, growing the propeller's diameter to 0.140m causes the effect of the blockage ratio parameter by increasing the immersion and the propeller's torque experiences a decreasing trend. Therefore, maximum propeller efficiency value with diameter 0.140m in immersion ratio 0.60 and 0.70, incresing 38% and 44%, respectively; relative to other proepllers. Also, the curve of the efficiency gradient of three propellers in the optimum immersion ratio of 0.40 compared to the advancing coefficient shows that the maximum efficiency gradient occurs in the range of 0.7 to 0.9.

Surface piercing propellers are special supercavitation propellers operating at free surface. These propellers are designed to have the best performance at the highest speed. The geometric parameters of the number of blades and the pitch ratio will significantly impact the critical advance coefficient range, ventilation and consequently the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of two crucial parameters of pitch ratio and number of blades were experimentally studied in free surface water tunnel. After calibration and evaluation of uncertainty, two 5-bladed propellers with same section profile and pitch ratio of 1.5 and 1.4 used to investigate effect of pitch ratio. The results of two 5-blade and 6-blade propellers with same section profile and pitch ratio of 1.4 were compared. The immersion ratio was 40%, and the shaft inclination angle was zero. Results showed that increasing the pitch ratio increased the thrust and torque coefficients by 30%; while increasing the critical advance coefficient. Consequently that has led to the development of a full ventilation range and improved hydrodynamic performance of the propeller. In addition, by increasing the number of blades, at values greater than the critical advance coefficient, the thrust and torque coefficients were increased by 10%. However, the critical advanced coefficient changes were negligible. Comparing the results in the three-dimensional contours showed that with the change in the number of blades, by increasing the pitch ratio, the critical advance coefficient increased; which led to a further increase in efficiency.

Freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles cause substantial detriment to geotechnical structures, especially roads, every year. Recently, researchers have increasingly used nanomaterials to improve soil resilience. This study evaluated the effect of soil stabilization by cement and nanocement on resistance changes subjected to F-Tcycles.For this purpose, clayey soil was combined with 1, 2, 3, and 4% stabilizers based on dry unit weight. Atterberg limits and standard compaction tests were performed on the prepared mixtures. The results showedthat increasing the stabilizers enhanced the optimum moisture content, liqid limit, and plastic limitwhile decreasingthe maximum dry density and plastic limit. Then, the cylindrical specimens of the pure and stabilized soilswere prepared and curedwithin 42 days. Finally, unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests were conducted on the samples after applying zero, three, six, and nineF-T cycles. UCSin the stabilized soil increased to a value about12 times thatin the pure soil. The UCSvalue was reduced on average to 49%inthe pure soil specimens by applying nine F-T cycles, whichfurther decreased on averageto 36% and 31%after adding cement and nanocement, respectively. However, the lowest UCS value was observed in the stabilized soil specimens, reaching 26% and 19%in 42 daysafter applying nineF-T cyclesand adding 4% cement and nanocement, respectively.

This research was conducted to quantify the direct and indirect effects of surface shear resistance (SSR) on dust hotspot soils in the southeast of Ahvaz city, Khuzestan, Iran. For this purpose, we measured certain parameters, including the mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates, particle size distribution (PSD), permanent wilting point percentage, soil moisture percentage, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), organic matter, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and soil electrical conductivity (EC). SSR was measured in 100 different locations of the field conditions using the modified shear device (MSD), specifically designed and manufactured to perform this project. The effects of soil properties on SSR were investigated employing path analysis and multi-linear regression approaches. SSR values (0.32-0.98 kPa) in the dust hotspot soils indicated that these soils are highly susceptible to wind erosion and have a high variability (4.26%). The best regression pedotransfer model accounted for 42% of SSR variations by soil estimating parameters. MWD and CaCO3 were identified as the most sensitive parameters in SSR estimation in the dust hotspot soils in southwestern Iran. MWD and CaCO3 (via PSD) showed the highest direct and indirect effects on SSR, respectively. In general, SAR on SSR represented no significant effects in this region due to high EC values.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the significant zoonoses, and about one-third of the world population possess anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers. From veterinary and public health perspective, the disease causes abortion in small ruminants and pregnant women, as well as brain complications in immunocompromised subjects. Although, a century has passed since the discovery of this interesting opportunistic protozoa, its pathogenic mechanisms and genotypes are still being explored. Current review deals with this opportunistic infection at a glance. There exists special interest in Toxoplasma infection researches in last two decades, with especial emphasis on the seroepidemiology in at-risk populations, genotyping in various samples, anti-Toxoplasma drug discovery, as well as vaccination approaches against toxoplasmosis. Current review highlights different aspects of Toxoplasma infection and implies the potential gaps and research fields for further exploration.

Among the great Persian speakers, both early and late, there are few who, like Maulana Jalaluddin Mohammad Rumi, understand the role and effect of allegory in understanding and transmitting concepts to the audience. Used in the most intelligent and effective way. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the content of the spiritual Masnavi to deduce the principles of moral education in Rumi's allegorical anecdotes.

The research method is analytical and qualitative content analysis and deductive inference. In this way, first by analyzing the content of anecdotes and moral allegory of the first, second and third books of the spiritual Masnavi, moral concepts are dealt with, then we will infer principles for moral education and classify them.

The allegorical allegorical verses of Masnavi can be classified under seventeen titles or principles: for example, heresy, affliction, seeking help from God, truth-seeking, biosocial, self-knowledge. Under each heading, more detailed distinctions are provided and examples are given as examples to prove the research claim.

Rumi's philosophy of ethics in terms of expression is on two levels: idealistic and realistic. Rumi's idealistic morality is realistic and kingdomoriented and has nowhere to be abstracted, but his realistic morality derives from the text of subsistence reason and tangible social objectivity and is influenced by the war-torn culture and distorted humanity that leads to the Mongol conquest and a kind of submission. Inevitability is a matter of careful adjustment to the status quo.

Identifying and measuring the radioactivity of airborne particles are a necessary and very important to recognize and estimate the effect of radioactive contamination on human health and the environment. Gamma-ray spectromety is one of the most useful methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of samples, like air filters. One of the first and necessary steps in performing sample analysis by Gamma-ray spectrometer is to calibrate this equipment, which requires appropriate standard sources. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a suitable standard source considering filter geometry and its quality control and validation. For this purpose, a circular HEPA air filter with a diameter of 60 mm was used. Gamma-ray spectrometry system (HPGe) was calibrated by mentioned standard source. The results of counting and quality control of the manufactured source showed the accuracy of source manufacturing method. The validation of manufacturing method by Spike method showed an acceptable error of 8%.

The purpose of this study is to develop a dairy global supply chain planning model in which operational and financial dimensions are appropriately integrated in order to adjust the credit sale strategy. In order to evaluate the financial performance of the dairy supply chain, economic value-added index and some financial ratios are used. The proposed model is compared to traditional approaches, which usually use the profit maximization as an objective function. Also, the amount of credit sales is considered as a decision variable for the first time in this research. The developed model utilized a new risk measure, i.e., the fuzzy CVaR, to cope with the uncertainty of the exchange rate and the quality and quantity of returned products. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model are analyzed and assessed using the data of a real dairy supply chain. The analysis of results obtained from the developed fuzzy mathematical model shows an increase in profit and a reduction in semi-variance compared to previously developed models. Also, some numerical experiments analyses index and the impact of credit sales strategy.

This paper deals with the fracture toughness of three different asphalt mixtures of HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt), WMA (Warm Mix Asphalt) and WMA-RAP (i.e. mixture of WMA and reclaimed asphalt pavement). Fracture tests were performed on SCB (Semi-Circular Bend) specimens to obtain the fracture properties (i.e. fracture toughness and fracture energy) of asphalt mixtures under three different modes of loading (i.e. pure mode I, pure mode II and mixed mode I/II) at the two test temperatures of −15◦C and 25◦C. The results exhibit that the WMA (i.e. WMA and WMA-RAP) mixtures provide greater fracture toughness than the HMA one under any mode of loading and temperature conditions; however, the WMA-RAP shows the highest fracture toughness. Furthermore, the fracture energies of the WMA and WMA-RAP mixtures are higher than the HMA mixture; however, the WMA mixture demonstrates the greatest value of fracture energy compared to other mixtures. Both the fracture toughness and fracture energy of the mixtures at −15◦C are also found to be higher than those at 25◦C.

This paper tries to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction of dairy products with regard to the moderating role of the company's competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction of dairy products with regard to the moderating role of the company's competitiveness. The method used is descriptive-correlation with the survey method in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. The Likert five-point scale was used to convert qualitative information into quantitative information. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. SmartPLS3 software was used to test the hypotheses. The population of the study is 695 brands of companies engaged in the production of dairy products, of which 484 companies have received licenses from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade and 211 companies from the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture and have a total of 2352 branches in the country. SPSS Sample Power sampling software was used to determine the optimal sample size. The minimum sample size was estimated at 298 companies and 305 companies were surveyed for more assurance. The results show that internal green actions and external green participation have the greatest impact on green innovation. However, the modification effect of the company's competitiveness was not confirmed, innovation, performance and green entrepreneurship also affect customer satisfaction.

In this study, to determine the optimum crop pattern of Kermanshah plain, Iran, a dynamic model was developed in Vensim PRO x32 software to simulate the actual situation in the region. Stochastic simulation of time series method was used to predict the values of climate parameters in the future. After ensuring the performance of the dynamic model as well as time series model, optimization process of crop pattern was performed using the existing optimization tool in Vensim PRO x32 software in addition to multi objective mathematical programming approach by Powell method in three different scenarios. The objective functions included maximizing the economic benefit for farmers and minimizing the extracted water from aquifer. The results showed that ratio of the gained benefit to the amount of water extracted from the wells in optimized conditions was always higher than the current conditions. The value of this ratio for the three scenarios was 1.23, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively, which in all three scenarios are higher than the current value (0.68). The results showed that according to a case in which variations in the crop coefficients of all crops are possible, in order to optimize the crop pattern,  the area allocated to wheat, barley, grain and forage maize, tomato, clover, and onion must be decreased in the current crop pattern. Furthermore, the results of optimization indicated an increase in the area under the cultivation of saffron, rose, greenhouse, medicinal plants, and olive, compared to the current conditions.

A useful benchmark for the reliability of gamma spectrometry results is to provide measurement uncertainty. Due to the importance and necessity of radiation monitoring in water resources, this research has been oriented toward providing measurements of the gamma- emitting radionuclides along with introducing the expression for the uncertainty that appeared in these measurements. To calculate the uncertainty of the activity measurements in water, a sample, where its radioactive elements were obtained from the PolAtom Company, was used. The calculations were performed based on the 661 keV peak of 137</sup>Cs radionuclide and a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe). The investigations show that the factors affecting the measurement uncertainty are composed of two parts, including counting with the gamma spectroscopy system and sample preparation, where each of these parts comes from several sources of uncertainty such as uncertainties associated with the counting process, efficiency calibration, emission probability, the counting correction factors, and the mass measurement. The results of analyses show that the relative uncertainty is about 3.7% (Coverage factor = 1) for a water sample with an activity of 425 Becquerel from 137</sup>Cs.

Barley cultivar Goharan with pedigree of "Rhn-03//L.527/NK1272", was selected among barley genotypes from ICARDA and was identified as is a suitable cultivar for temperate regions under both terminal drought stress and non-stress conditions with different irrigation water management. Preliminary, advanced and elite yield trialsof this cultivar under two conditions (terminal droughtstress and non-stress) were carried out at Karaj, Birjand, Isfahan and Varamin stations. The results of the experiments showed that under non stress conditions, Goharan cultivar had a mean grain yield of 6269 kgha-1 versus 5244 kgha-1 of Rihane ( 20% increase), and under terminal drought stress had mean yield of 4720 kgha-1 versus 4035 kgha-1 of Rihane ( 17% increase). This cultivar, had a mean protein content of 12 percent which indicates its good quality. Study on status of irrigation water use productivity in some drought tolerance barley genotypes showed that cultivar Goharan had the highest amount of water use productivity among genotypes. Results of on-farm trials showed that in average Goharan had 1196 and 623 kgha-1 higher grain yield than Nosrat and Yousef cultivars, respectively under both drought stress and non-stress conditions.Based on importance of water in recent years, drought and lowering of groundwater resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the country,where, there is a competition for irrigation water to cultivate spring products,cultivar Goharan was released for cultivation in non- stress areas and under drought stress in the temperate zone of the country for the sustainability of the barley production.

An investigation was carried out in order to study the genetic variation of barley genotypes in terms of winter survival, LT50 and leaf soluble carbohydrates under field and greenhouse conditions using 40 barley genotypes in the research station and greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. The field evaluation was performed in the form of randomized complete block design in two years and percentage of winter survival was estimated. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes for the traits measured in greenhouse and laboratory. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for percentage of winter survival, but the effects of year and genotype × year interaction were significant for this character. The greenhouse experiment for percentage of plant survival was carried out in the form of split plot design on the basis of randomized complete blocks with two replications. Barley genotypes were assigned in subplots and five freezing temperatures (-8, -11, -13, -15 and -17°C) were assigned in main plots. Other traits measured in the greenhouse, such as LT50, percentage of seedling dry weight, soluble carbohydrates content before and after hardening and leaf length and width were analyzes based on randomized complete block design. Significant differences were observed among barley genotypes in terms of survival percentage at temperatures -8, -11, -13, -15 and -17°C, LT50, percentage of seedlings dry weight, leaf width and the soluble carbohydrates content after hardening. The heritability of field survival percentage, LT50 and leaf width were high. The heritability of soluble carbohydrates content after hardening and the percentage of seedling dry weight were moderate. The highest and lowest heritability were observed at temperatures -8°C and -17°C, respectively. Percentage of survival at temperature -15°C had the largest squared genetic coefficient of variation and other traits had low squared genetic coefficient of variation. It can be concluded that genotype #38 (Athenise) was susceptible to cold stress and considerable number of genotypes had desirable characteristics for cold tolerance from which genotypes #36 (Schulyer) and #15 (EC83-12) can be recognized as more cold tolerant genotypes with regard to percentage of winter survival and LT50.

Effect of genotype × environment interaction (GE) is created by different responses of genotypes to different environmental conditions. Effect of GE interaction limits the accuracy of grain yield estimation and identification of specific genotypes for specific environments. Therefore, consideration of that is essential in progress of plant breeding. To determine yield stability and genotype× environment interaction effects, 20 barley genotypes were evaluated during 2000–2002 cropping seasons in seven moderate research stations including Karaj, Kerman, Isfahan, Birjand, Zarghan, Neishabour and Yazd. Combined analysis of variance on grain yield showed significant differences in years, locations, year × location, genotypes and genotype × location × year interaction. Since the genotype × location × year interaction was significant, different stability analysis methods were used to determine stable genotypes. Stability parameters such as Si 2, CVi, Sdi2, Wi2, di2, MS(Y/L)i, Ri2, R, SDR, SS(HV)I and SS(IC)i were estimated for each genotype. Overall, genotypes no. 4(Trompillo/L.Moghan), 13(Rihane–03) and 15 (Gustoe/Arar) showed the highest stability in most of methods of stability analysis, therefore, these genotypes were recommended for on-farm trials and release.

To determine yield stability and to evaluate genotype interaction with environment interaction, 18 genotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a control group were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 3 successive years (1997-2000) at 10 research stations. Simple and combined analysis of variance revealed significant genetic differences between yield genotypes for grain yield. The results of combined analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and genotype were significant through interaction with environment. Therefore, different stability parameters including, environmental variance (S2i), environmental coefficient of variation (C.Vi), mean of variance of interaction (θi), interaction variance (θi), equivalence ( W2i), stability variance (σ2i), linear regression coefficient (bi, βi), mean of squares of deviation from regression (S2 di) and years within location MS for a genotype, averaging over all locations (MSy/l) were determined. Based on all the stability parameters, genotype 18 was known as the most stable one and genotypes 17 and 11 ranked lower. Genotype 5 with the highest yield was known to be the most adaptable one at fertile environments and is recommended for these locations. In addition, genotype 9 with good yield and low yield variance (1.58) and regression coefficient of less than 1 is suggested for unfertile locations.

To analyze the genotype x environment interaction and determine the yield stability and adaptability of barley genotypes, 19 genotypes of barley including 13 Iranian and 6 international genotypes were evaluated in ten different locations during1998-2001 cropping seasons, using AMMI model. Results showed that the main additive effects of genotype and environment and multiplicative interaction effect of genotype x environment were significant that indicated specific adaptability of the genotypes with special environments. In order to identify stable and adaptable genotypes, AMMI model was used. Stability parameters used in AMMI model consisted of SIPC1, EV1 and AMGE1. In addition biplot technique was used to identify appropriate genotypes to special locations. Results showed that genotypes Kozir, Dundy and Schulyer/L.640 with the lowest interaction, and genotypes K-201/3-2, Walfajre/Wl-2291 and 73-M4-30 with the highest interaction were the most stable and unstable genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, genotypes Arass/Cyclon, L.131//Cg/CM and Cl-10143/Walfajre were more suitable for Karaj, genotype Vavilon for Miandoab and genotypes Kavir/Badia"s" and K-201l3-2 for Mashhad

Familial cardiac myxoma is a rare syndrome which constitutes approximately 10% or less of all myxomas. We describe a rare case of a simultaneous left atrial and left ventricular mass in a 35- year-old female who presented to our hospital for the evaluation of recurrent cardiac myxoma. Echocardiography revealed a concurrent left atrial and left ventricular mass. Histological findings after surgery confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma

Androgenic ability of microspores of F3 populations obtained from crosses between salinity and heat tolerance (Afzal/Torkman/Kavir), coldand heat tolerance (Boyer/Rojo), salinity tolerance and disease resistance (Ashar/ Hebe), salinity and heat tolerance. (Arigashar/ Matico) and Igri cultivar as control, were studied after pretreatment with 0.3 M mannitol using L1 modified liquid medium supplemented with 3 mgl-1 Phenylacetic acid (PAA), 1 mgl-1 Benzylaminopurin (BAP), 1 mgl-1 Casein and 65 mgl-1 maltose as induction medium. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1 BAP and 0.5 mgl-1 Naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) was used as regeneration medium. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between F3 progenies and Igri cultivar for androgenic ability. Igri cultivar produced on average 566.75 embryos per microspores of 100 anthers and the F3 progenies of Afzal/ Torkman/ Kavir produced on average the highest number of embryos (141.5 embryos/ microspores of 100 anthers) among the progenies of F3 populations. For green plantlet production per microspores of 100 anthers there was also asignificant difference between progenies ofF3 populations and Igri cultivar. For this character Igri cultivar produced the highest number of green plantlets (65.5 plantlets/ microspores of 100anthers) and the progenies of Ashar/ Hebe and Boyer/ Rojo with 18.5 and 17.5 green plantlets respectively per microspores of 100 anthers on average produced more green plantlets than the progenies of Afzal/ Torkman/ Kavir. This means that the mechanisms of embryo induction and green plantlet production may be different. In this study Igri cultivar produced the green plantlet production may be different. In this study Igri cultivar produced the least number of a albino plantlets in comparison with other plant materials