فهرست مطالب ali reza ahmadi

Syncope is among the most common paroxysmal disorders in children and adolescents. Vasovagal syncope is the most common syncope in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self‑care recommendations with and without tilt training on the Quality of Life (QoL) of children and adolescents with syncope.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, from April 2017 to June 2021 and included 120 patients with syncope. Eligible children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) who met inclusion criteria were recruited by the simple sampling method and then assigned randomly into two groups. The intervention group (n = 60) received routine self‑care recommendations such as dietary advice, behaviors to prevent syncope, and counter‑pressure maneuvers along with tilt training, while the control group (n = 60) received self‑care recommendations without tilt training. The education training included two face‑to‑face sessions, each of which lasted for 45–60 min. Then, both groups were followed up by telephone (once a month) for six months. A researcher‑made self‑care questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0) were completed for both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant difference in the mean scores of physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial functioning, understanding of health, and total QoL in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention (p </em>< 0.05). Also, the paired t</em>‑test results showed a significant difference in the mean scores of self‑care domains and total self‑care in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention (p </em>< 0.05).

Self‑care recommendations with and without tilt training can improve QoL in children and adolescents with syncope.

High-stakes assessments play a significant role in people’s lives, and their results greatly define individuals’ future social and financial prospects. Corpus linguistics has recently been used to inform the development and validation of such tests. This study aimed at identifying the degree of typicality of vocabulary items tested in the English proficiency subtest of the Master of Arts/Science Iranian University Entrance Exam. To this end, the vocabulary options and collocations in 20 test versions were extracted, and their frequency of occurrence in the Corpus of Contemporary American English was examined using a specially written computer program. The results indicated that the frequency of the options in the academic genre was not as dominant as expected in a test designed for academic purposes. The findings also revealed some inconsistencies among the different parallel test versions in terms of their option frequencies. Furthermore, for some options and collocations, atypicality was observed as zero or close to zero instances in the corpus. The current study suggests the inclusion of frequency information from corpora and various wordlists to accompany test developers’ intuition for more robust vocabulary assessment.

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects. This study aims to examine the process of clinical guideline implementation to identify strengths and weaknesses.

In this cross-sectional study, healthy term and term neonates born from January 2023 to July 2023 were evaluated at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan. The data collection tool was a checklist. The pulse oximetry (POX) was performed for healthy newborns within the first 24 hours after birth and before discharge from the hospital. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 89% in the baby's hand and foot was considered positive screening. If the SpO2 level was between 90-94%, the screening was repeated one hour later and if in the case of the same results, the newborn was referred to a specialist for further assessment. Healthy neonates with positive test results were followed up two months after primary POX screening.

Out of 500 neonates, 472 (94.4%) had a SpO2 level ³ 95%. Among the 21 cases who had a positive screening, one case had cardiac diseases (i.e., complete atrioventricular septal defect/pulmonary hypertension). Two healthy neonates with a positive screening were diagnosed with PFO after two months of follow-up. The assessment of the implementation process of newborn screening based on the checklist recommendations of clinical guidelines increased from 58.3 % to 91.6 % within six months.

The implementation of the critical congenital heart disease clinical guideline was found to be favorable and acceptable in this study and recommended for other hospitals to implement.

Pure copper pipes have various applications in industries. It is necessary to improve their mechanical properties. The main strengthening mechanism in this case is severe plastic deformation in order to achieve ultrafine-grain microstructure. In this research, the deformation method of tube cyclic extrusion-compression (TCEC) was used. The design of punch and mould was performed by Solidwork and Mo40 steel was used for manufacture of both mould and punch. Then, the pure copper tube at ambient temperature and 750 °C deformed in one pass. Investigation of microstructural evaluation and hardness measurement on the cross-sectional surface and side surface of the pipe showed that in the case of cold TCECed pipe, the microstructure of the cross-section is slightly fine-grain and compared to the raw sample, a substantial hardness improvement (60%) was achieved. In the microstructure, orientation of grains and material flow were also observed in the direction of extrusion. In the hot SPD treatment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample significantly was fine-grained and the hardness of this part increased considerably by about 93% compared to the raw sample.

Forecasts indicate a significant increase in population in urban centers. Larger urban centers and metropolitan areas, such as magnets, often attract this population through various forms of migration. This growing flood of migration to large cities, which is usually faster and more intense in third-world countries, creates many problems at the source and destination, including the need for more urban and public services in the destination and the shortage and loss. One of the main destinations of immigrants from villages and small towns is to move to the city center of the province, a big city that acts as a metropolis in the region.One of the provinces in Iran where such migration flows are observed is the West Azerbaijan province, where research on the trends and reasons for the migration of its cities to the center of the province seems necessary. In this research, the following questions have been answered:What has been the process of emigration to the province's center during the period of 85-90 and 90-95?Spatial distribution of migratory data on which of the following spatial distribution patterns was consistent?What factors affect the emigration of the city population to the center of the province?

The present study is a descriptive-analytical research with an applied approach. The data used from library resources such as statistical yearbooks of the province were extracted from the Statistics Center of Iran, and in their analysis, spatial statistics and inferential statistics were used. Spatial statistics analysis is performed in the ArcGIS software environment. In this regard, first, the immigration رده بندی maps of the cities were drawn according to the statistics published by the National Statistics Organization in the two periods of 85-90 and 90-95.Data analysis was performed in two parts: trends and causes of migration. Regarding the migration process of cities to the center of the province, first, by Moran spatial autocorrelation statistics, the type of spatial distribution of migration data was investigated and hot spots of migration were identified by using hot spot analysis. Then, the factors affecting the migration of cities to the center of the province in the form of independent variables were modeled using geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis.

Salmas city, with 3776 people, had the highest, and Takab city, with 333 people, had the lowest number of emigrants to the center of the province. The rate of emigration from other cities was between these two cities.According to the value obtained for the Moran index, which is positive and significant, the migration data of cities have spatial autocorrelation and cluster spatial distribution pattern and are not randomized or scattered. Hot spot analysis was used to identify places with high-value clustering or hot spots. The results showed that in the period of 90-95, high amounts of emigration in Khoy and Salmas counties had formed hot spots.However, the correlated t-test showed no statistically significant changes in the rate of emigration in the mentioned period. The variables considered and related to the theoretical foundations and research background in the form of geographically weighted regression analysis have been affected by the dependent variable, the migration rate to the province's center. In this regard, five variables of population density, distance of origin and destination, the number of urban services, the urbanization coefficient at the origin, and the number of job applicants at the origin entered the regression model. The model's results were evaluated with goodness of fit (GOF) indicators. The value of R2 for the whole model is 0.773438, and the value of Local R2, for other complications (cities), varies from 0.772427 to 0.773186, which is close to the value of 1, and in general, shows the goodness of the regression model.The regression model has been able to explain about 65% of the changes in the dependent variable. In the next step, by performing Moran autocorrelation analysis on the residual values of the regression model, the residual spatial distribution pattern was investigated; the value of Z obtained for the residual distribution is negative, and no cluster distribution is observed in the residuals, and the residues follow the pattern of random spatial distribution.The effect of each variable on the dependent variable of the migrant was evaluated; the effect of the population density variable in the northern cities of the province was more than in the southern cities of the province. The effect of the origin and destination distance variable is more evident in the south and southeast of the province than in the north. Changes in the effect of the variable number of job applicants at the origin, from northwest to southeast of the province, have an increasing trend. The effect of the urbanization coefficient variable at the origin from north to south of the province shows a decreasing trend. Contrary to the effect of the variable of having urban services at the origin, the trend is increasing from the north of the province to the south and southeast of the province.

In this section, the main research questions were answered. Migrant data has a clustered distribution pattern. The trend of migration of cities to the center of the province during the periods of 90-85 and 90-95, in general, does not show statistically significant changes.Regarding the causes of migration to the center of the province, it can be said that the five variables of population density, a distance of origin and destination, level of urban services, urbanization coefficient at the origin and the number of job applicants at the origin, explain 65% of the dependent variable changes.

Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (BPV) is a procedure for Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) treatment. In this study, right ventricle (RV) performance was determined through 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE).

The study involved 25 diagnosed children with PS undergoing BPV and 25 normal children. They were examined using 2D-STE and Linear Mixed Model (LMM) approach was used to determine changes in Pulmonary Valve Peak Gradient (PVPG), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), strain and Strain Rate (SR) for RV, and Ejection Fraction for Left Ventricle (LVEF).

Notable differences were found between two groups in TAPSE (P=0.001), global strain (P=0.001), apical septal strain (P=0.024), middle septal strain (P=0.001), basal septal strain (P=0.001), apical lateral SR (P=0.001), middle lateral SR (P=0.007), basal lateral SR (P=0.001), and apical septal SR (P=0.001). Post-BPV, there was an increase in LVEF (P=0.001) and TAPSE (P=0.001) but PVPG decreased (P=0.001). Following BPV, an increase was observed in apical lateral strain (P=0.004), middle septal strain (P=0.001), apical septal strain (P=0.003), middle septal strain (P=0.001), basal septal strain (P=0.048), apical septal SR (P=0.025), and middle septal SR (P=0.023). Gender was remarkably correlated with mean changes in basal lateral strain (P=0.019), middle septal strain (P=0.037), and middle septal SR (P=0.020). Age of PS children was related to mean change in basal septal strain (P=0.031) and basal septal SR (P=0.018).

Strain and SR in RV improved post-BPV in children with PS. The gender and age of the children revealed remarkable effects on RV strain and SR changes after BPV.

Sports facilities are one of the most commonly used services in the city with a significant role in improving the physical and mental health condition of citizens thus a proper procedure is required to locate and distribute them. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model for the optimal location of sports facilities. The research method is descriptive-analytic based on information gathering and is applied research based on objectives. The opinions of 20 experts have been used to design the model using the Delphi method, and weighting the effective criteria in the sports facilities location. The weight of each criterion has been obtained as population density (0.47), access (0.31), development potential (0.14), and adjacency (0.08); furthermore, the Kendall coefficient of concordance (0.74) in the third step of the Delphi method shows the strong agreement between the experts, regarding the proposed model. The proposed model consisted of six steps: 1. Aim; 2. Verification of the functional area of the existing sport facilities and specific restrictions of the area; 3. Introducing and weighting the important criteria in the sports facilities location; 4. Identifying the most suitable locations for constructing the sports facilities; 5. Evaluating the needs of users; 6. Selecting the best spaces and prioritizing them. The results of the model showed that the most important criteria for locating sport facilities are population density, access, development potential, and adjacency. Additionally, it was indicated that the agreement between the experts increased over time. According to the proposed model, it is possible to identify the points that are suitable for constructing the new sports facilities.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defect. Affected children and adolescents with CHD require special care in dentistry because of their susceptibility to infective endocarditis from poor oral hygiene infections. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a mobile-based educational oral health application for children and adolescents with CHD.

This developmental study was conducted in 2021-2022 at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center in Isfahan. My Structured Query Language (MySQL) system was used to design the database of educational oral health application. Also; the development phase was based on the Android platform. The design and development of a mobile-based educational oral health application was carried out in five stages, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the application. The statistical population of this was composed of 51 children and adolescents (3-18 years of age) with CHD and their parents.

The results of the evaluation of the usability of the educational oral health app from the children and adolescents' perspective with CHD showed that the "user-friendliness", "ease of use" and " educational impacts" of the app were evaluated as good.

The usage of this mobile application can be useful in improving the oral and dental health of children and adolescents with CHD.

Congenital heart disease (CHD), a developmental abnormality of the heart and vessels, is encountered in the pediatric age group frequently. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are indicators of subclinical cardiovascular disease and are used as surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to compare CIMT and FMD between children with acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) and healthy controls.

A case-control study on 50 children with ACHD and 43 healthy individuals was done in Isfahan, Iran, between 2021 and 2022. The case group was selected via non-random sampling, and healthy controls were recruited from the relatives of the patients. A checklist, including age, sex, body mass index, and blood pressure, was filled out for all the participants. Then, FMD and CIMT were measured with brachial and carotid artery ultrasonography.

Fifty children with ACHD and 43 healthy individuals (controls) under 18 years old participated in this study. Of these, 44 (47.3%) were girls and 49 (52.7%) were boys. The mean FMD was significantly higher in the ACHD group than in the control group (0.084±0.027 vs 0.076±0.042; P=0.021; 95% CI, 007 to 0.122;). CIMT was significantly higher in the ACHD group than in the control group (0.39±0.12 vs 0.34±0.1; P=0.037; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.102;). However, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not show differences between the groups.

Based on our results, CIMT and FMD assessment may help detect early changes in peripheral vessels associated with atherosclerosis in the future in ACHD. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

There is a high mortality rate in cyanotic patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to cardiovascular complications. The cardiovascular prognosis is negatively affected by endothelium dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and impaired vascular system. This study aimed to determine carotid intimal mean thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in a group of children with cyanotic CHD (CCHD). FMD and CIMT were evaluated for 45 children with CHKD and 38 patients who did not have CHKD over the period 2021 to 2022, as part of this case-control study. In terms of age and gender, the case group has been compared to controls. Men accounted for 61.3% of the participants, with a mean standard deviation age of 7.8  5.39 years. In subjects with CCHD, CIMT increased non-significantly and FMD decreased significantly, but systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in patients than in the healthy group. (P=0.003). FMD was reduced in children with CCHD, but in controls, systolic blood pressure and CIMT were lower. The risk of developing atherosclerosis in CCHD patients may be increased by an increase in CIMT and systolic blood pressure.

Rater negotiation is a score-resolution method through which raters review and discuss performance samples to resolve rating discrepancies. The success of this method depends on raters getting equally engaged in negotiations. This study explored whether novice raters remain equally engaged in negotiations or rater dominance occurs. Eleven English teachers attended eight negotiation sessions. They scored ten writing samples independently using the IELTS rubric and then discussed rating discrepancies in groups. It has employed a mixed-methods approach to see whether any traces of rater dominance are observed or raters are equally engaged in negotiations. The chi-square test results for score changes indicated that only in Task Response category, raters were inequitably engaged. No dominance was observed for other dimensions. However, qualitative analysis of the negotiations revealed various patterns of rater dominance. Furthermore, the analysis of rater interactions in negotiation sessions indicated that rater dominance is a nonlinear construct demonstrated in interactions of raters during negotiation rating sessions. The findings illuminated that while some raters attempted to scaffold each other to form a unified understanding of scoring rubric by sharing the floor in discussion sessions, some tried to dominate other raters. The findings highlight the utility of negotiation, not just as a resolution method but a procedure with training effects for performance assessment in EFL contexts where access to expert raters is usually limited.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third mostcommoncancer that frequently spreads to other parts of thebody, with a low chance of recovery and a high mortality rate. Long non-coding RNAsare considered significant prognostic and diagnostic indicators because they are dysregulated in various cancers and have distinctive expression patterns and high tissue- and cell-specificity. VLDLR-AS1 lncRNA deregulation has been associated with several malignancies.

This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of VLDLR-AS1 in CRC. It was the first time this assessment was conducted.

We studied 188 samples, including 94 tumor samples and 94 paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Total RNA was extracted, and its quantity and purity were assessed. TaKaRa PrimeScript 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Kusatsu, Japan) was used for the reaction. The StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) was set up to assess the relative expression of VLDLR-AS1.

According to the qRT-PCR data, the VLDLR-AS1 expression levels in CRC tissues were significantly lower than in tumor margins (P < 0.0001). In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that VLDLR-AS1 expression can discriminate between tumor and non-tumor samples with the sensitivity and specificity of 72.34% and 51.06%, respectively (P = 0.03, AUC = 0.6274). However, no significant association was found between the expression levels of VLDLR-AS1 and clinicopathological features in CRC patients.

The results of this study indicated that VLDLR-AS1 lncRNA is significantly downregulated in the tumor tissues of CRC patients compared to healthy tumor margin tissues. This evidence shows the potential of this gene as a promising biomarker for the early detection of CRC development.

 This study aimed to ascertain the computerized tomography findings of 56 children diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Ali Ibn Abitalib Hospital in Zahedan, Iran.

 This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated at Ali Ibn Abitalib Hospital in Zahedan from March to August 2020. The computerized tomography (CT) scans were performed for these children because they did not show signs of improvement, had decreased oxygen levels during the treatment, had severe respiratory symptoms, or had a breathing disorder. The CT findings were reviewed to determine the frequency of normal and abnormal scans. The distribution of lesions (unilateral, bilateral, peripheral, central), type of opacity (consolidation, ground glass, etc.), and presence or absence of bronchiectasis, effusion, cavity, and lymphadenopathy were recorded. The frequency of each type of lesion was then calculated.

 Of the patients, 30.36% had a normal CT scan. The most common CT scan finding was ground-glass opacity (42.86%), followed by consolidation (35.71%). The distribution of lesions was mostly bilateral (64.10%) and mainly peripheral (66.67%).

 One-third of children with COVID-19 had normal CT features. Ground-glass opacity and consolidation were more common than cavity or pneumatocele, pleural effusion, bronchiectasis, and lymphadenopathy.

The marine environment has been recognized as a source of diverse natural compounds. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in crustaceans, including shrimp. Shrimp waste is considered a cheap source of natural astaxanthin. A study was performed to compare the extraction yield of astaxanthin in Penaeus semisulcatus and Penaeus merguiensis waste using sunflower and sesame oils. Furthermore, the Box-Behnken design optimized the astaxanthin extraction conditions of sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus waste. The results showed that the extraction yield of astaxanthin with sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus wastes (13.43 ± 0.17 μg/g) was significantly different (p <0.001) compared to sesame oil and Penaeus merguiensis. Moreover, it was shown that the maximum yield of astaxanthin extracted (14.74 ± 1.6 μg/g of waste) with sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus waste was produced under ideal circumstances comprising heating duration of 120 minutes, oil: waste ratio (v/w) of 2, the heating temperature of 70 °C, and waste size 80 mesh. A regression equation for astaxanthin yield was obtained as a function of heating temperature, time of heating, oil-to-waste ratio, and size of shrimp waste.

Studies have been conducted focusing on citizens' participation in urban planning and their right to the city, which have been raised as a criticism of non-participatory and non-communicative urban planning. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the process of changing the site of Takab Hospital, using the theory of the production of space and Lefebverian trialectics, to be able to identify the dimensions of this site change and its consequences. 

 With a descriptive-analytic method and applicative approach, with the help of the network analyst tool in ArcMap, the access status of citizens to the new hospital was evaluated in front of the old hospital by building a new area instrument at a standard distance, as one of the examples of their lived space.

The analysis showed that citizens' access to the new hospital within the standard access radius was about one-third of the access to the old hospital. 

 This case is inferred as an example of inattention to the urban lived space and a manifestation of the distance between the planner and the citizen, which shows the lack of correct understanding of the citizens as the audience of the programs. As a result, the city planners' action to change the hospital's site reveals its negative effect in the form of an increase in the access distance of the citizens to the hospital. 

Innovation: 

The innovative aspect of this article is integrating Henri Lefebvre's Production Of Space theory with communicative turn in urban planning; it is avoided only addressing and analyzing the spatial dimensions of the hospital site change. However, social and linguistic aspects also intervene in this spatial analysis.

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors which affecting the satisfaction of internship student-teacher interns from the implementation of the internship program at Farhangian University of Alborz Province. The research method that utilized is descriptive-survey and to collect Required information for this study, a researcher-made questionnaires have been used for apprentice students.The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts and its reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method. The sample members were 103 interns. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive and inferential analysis. In the inferential part of Friedman test, confirmatory factor analysis was used to rank items and dimensions and to evaluate the relationship between items and dimensions The results showed that 22 factors, in four dimensions of educational factors, organizational factors, interactions and factors related to student-teachers, are effective on respondents' satisfaction with the internship program at Alborz Farhangian University.

This work is intended to probe the connections between the diffeology and gyrogroup by introducing the notion of diffeological gyrogroup and proceeding with the study of some basic facts about it. The theory is developed by the study of smooth action of a diffeological gyrogroup.

Tehran metropolis has faced many environmental pollutions in recent decades and its quality has been affected.This situation has been paralleled by the ever-increasing population and, as a result, the significant increase in the reliance on motor vehicles for intra and extra-urban trips in this metropolis.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental quality of Tehran and its spatial relevance to transportation variables. This research has been done by quantative method and using the data of the statistical yearbook of Tehran province in 2019. Shannon entropy weighting method and Promethee multi-criteria decision making technique for evaluating and ranking Tehran regions in terms of environmental quality, hierarchical clustering in SPSS environment for clustering 22 regions and bivariate Moran autocorrelation analysis in Geoda software to study spatial coherence And environmental quality quotes are used. The results indicate the existence of major spatial differences between different regions of Tehran in terms of environmental quality and regions are divided into four major clusters. Positive and negative relationships between transport variables and environmental quality were observed in the form of different spatial patterns in the regions and spatial clusters and non-clusters were analyzed. The results showed that the production of riding space and the increase in travel production, under the influence of artificial road construction in the second cycle of capital accumulation and Fordism mass production style, has a negative spatial correlation with the quality of the urban environment.

This study applied multi-faceted Rasch measurement to investigate the halo effect in the performance-based assessment of writing across rubric criteria. Five raters who had received specialized training applied a four-criteria rating rubric to analytically rate writing scripts on two argumentative topics. Facets, a Rasch computer program, was utilized to pinpoint the halo effect by analyzing rater and rubric criteria interactions. After examining the appropriateness of the rubric in terms of functionality, the results showed that except for one rater, the raters did not exhibit any sign of the halo effect across rubric criteria. Generally, the severity hierarchies for raters and difficulty levels for rubric criteria suggested that raters’ training and their perceptions of the importance of criteria were associated with their manifestation of the halo effect. Pedagogically, through a detailed facet analysis of interactions between raters and rubric criteria, rater trainers may better realize how to design effective training programs to minimize raters’ variance including the halo effect and improve the overall objectivity of human rating.

The marine environment has been recognized as a source of diverse natural compounds. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in crustaceans, including shrimp. Shrimp waste is considered a cheap source of natural astaxanthin. A study was performed to compare the extraction yield of astaxanthin in Penaeus semisulcatus and Penaeus merguiensis waste using sunflower and sesame oils. Furthermore, the Box-Behnken design optimized the astaxanthin extraction conditions of sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus waste. The results showed that the extraction yield of astaxanthin with sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus wastes (13.43 ± 0.17 μg/g) was significantly different (p <0.001) compared to sesame oil and Penaeus merguiensis. Moreover, it was shown that the maximum yield of astaxanthin extracted (14.74 ± 1.6 μg/g of waste) with sunflower oil from Penaeus semisulcatus waste was produced under ideal circumstances comprising heating duration of 120 minutes, oil: waste ratio (v/w) of 2, the heating temperature of 70 °C, and waste size 80 mesh. A regression equation for astaxanthin yield was obtained as a function of heating temperature, time of heating, oil-to-waste ratio, and size of shrimp waste.

Academic words occur with high frequency in texts from a wide range of scientific fields, and their frequency in academic texts is much higher than in general texts. Academic wordlists can facilitate the learning and teaching of scientific language. In this research, we have developed a frequency list of Persian academic words. The word list includes 307 word lemmas with a high frequency in academic texts. Creating a balanced corpus of Persian academic texts was the prerequisite for developing such a list. For this purpose, we collected scientific texts published in Persian scientific journals and built a balanced corpus containing more than 51 million words. The corpus includes texts of academic papers in four general categories, i.e., basic sciences and engineering; humanities, arts, and architecture; medicine and veterinary medicine; agriculture and natural resources. We used four different criteria for lemmas to be included in our wordlist. 1- frequency: The lemmas should have a relative frequency of at least 30 per million words. 2- ratio: The relative frequency of the lemmas in the academic corpus should be two times greater than their frequency in a 10 million word general corpus. 3- dispersion: Juilland's D value of the lemmas in the four sections should be at least 0.5. 4- range: the observed frequency of the lemma should not be less than a third of its expected frequency in any of the four sections of the corpus. We evaluated the wordlist by measuring its coverage in our corpus's train and test sections. The wordlist covers 16.69 percent of the train subset and 16.13 percent of the test subset.

Matrix completion problem has gathered a lot of attention in recent years. In the matrix completion problem, the goal is to recover a low-rank matrix from a subset of its entries. The graph matrix completion was introduced based on the fact that the relation between rows (or columns) of a matrix can be modeled as a graph structure. The graph matrix completion problem is formulated by adding the graph total variation term to the objective function of matrix completion problem. However; in practice, the observed data is noisy and contains outliers. Outlier data is defined as part of the observed that are different than other parts and are not consistent with the data structure. In this paper, we apply graph total variation based on the directed Laplacian and propose a new method for graph matrix completion. We introduce a new method called GMCO-DL for the case where both noise and outliers exist in observations. Simulation results show outstanding results for the proposed method in terms of estimation error.

Despite the development of numerous excavation methods and reinforcement of tunnels, finding a proper method for stabilization of underground structures is a challenging task. The use of pre-reinforcement systems is an appropriate method to improve the status of the ground. In this study, the performance of umbrella system in Alborz tunnel in north of Iran has been investigated. Rock mechanics studies of tunnel running area have shown that parts of this tunnel have unstable capacity due to being located in weak zones. Therefore, the tunneling operation running is not possible in these areas. On this basis, umbrella pre-reinforcement system that can be used for loose and running ground are modeled numerically by Flac3D software. In this research, in addition to investigating the performance of umbrella system, the effect of geometrical parameters such as the angle of placement of pipes relative to the horizon and the distance between the umbrella system pipes was investigated. The criterion of investigating is the displacement occurred at the crown of the tunnel. The results of this study indicate that increasing the angle and decreasing the distance between pipes, cause an increase in stability and by using umbrella system, the vertical displacement of crown of the tunnel has decreased by 70 %.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the underlying medical conditions that put children at increased risk for coronavirus. This study aimed to predict preventive behaviors of COVID‑19 among children with CHD based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).

This cross‑sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021, on 240 children 3–7 years with CHD whose data had been registered in Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease/CHD (PROVE/CHD) System in Isfahan, Iran. The research variables were measured using an online researcher‑made questionnaire that was based on PMT constructs. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis).

From a total of 240 participants (mean age of 4.81 ± 1.50) in the present study, 122 (50.8%) were girls. The most common types of CHD among children participating in this study were related to atrial septal defect (ASD) (29.2%, n = 70) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (26.7%, n = 64), respectively. Protective behaviors showed a significant correlation with all constructs of PMT. The PMT constructs explained 41.0% of the variances in protective behavior, in which the perceived reward (β = 0.325) and perceived self‑efficacy (β = 0.192) was the most important, respectively.

The results of this study showed well the effectiveness of PMT on the preventive behaviors of COVID‑19 in children with CHD. This theory can be used to teach preventive behaviors of COVID‑19 to children with CHD in education programs.

As overweight and obesity in children and adolescents continue to increase, this study was designed to explore the factors that facilitate or hinder weight control in obese and overweight adolescents.

This qualitative study was conducted as a personal interview with 12 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years who succeeded in losing weight and those who did not, from the clinic at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center at the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, in 2019. We used a purposeful sampling method and a qualitative analysis method to analyze the data.

Seven categories consisting of willpower and perseverance, support and encouragement of others, tendencies to beauty, lack of a rush to achieve results, adequate physical activity, understanding the disadvantages of obesity, and understanding the benefits of weight loss were identified as facilitating factors in this study. Seven other factors were reported as obstacles of weight loss, including misconceptions,  lack of family cooperation in lifestyle modification, lack of awareness about the effects of obesity, concern about dietary restrictions, lack of management and supervision of school cafeterias, parental misbehavior in handling adolescents with overweight or obesity, and their psychological damages.

The results of the present study show that in order to bring adolescents to the ideal weight, individual, environmental and familial factors and the interaction between them should be considered. The findings of this study could be used by health officials and policymakers to develop programs to prevent and control overweight and overcome obesity.