فهرست مطالب farzad karimi

During the last three decades, the industrial export growth of the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has slowed down. The increase in the hidden exchange cost in the export of industrial goods through the country risk channel is known as one of the effective factors.In recent empirical studies, various factors affecting bilateral exports of OIC member countries have been introduced, but empirical studies that consider the effect of country risk on the flow of bilateral industrial exports are very limited.Therefore, the main purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of country risk and its components, including economic, financial and political risk, on the industrial exports of member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. In order to achieve this goal, within the framework of the gravity model and the pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood method (PPML), the significance of the relationship between country risk and its components on bilateral industrial exports of OIC member countries in trade with import partners was investigated. . In this study, panel data was used for the period from 2021 to 2002.The findings of this study show that the country risk of the member countries of the organization as well as their strategic objectives have a significant impact on the flow of bilateral industrial exports. This finding is also true based on each of the constituent components of country risk, including economic, financial and political risk. In addition, political risk has the greatest impact on the industrial exports of OIC member countries compared to other factors. It is suggested that the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and its related institutions present appropriate policies for the creation and development of political and economic risk insurance coverage.

The purpose of this research was to present a communication model of customer participation and competitive business with social media based on brand (case study: manufacturing and trading companies of Ahvaz). The statistical population of the research was formed by the experts of manufacturing and trading companies in Ahvaz city. In this research, the considered variables were identified by using interviews and examining the opinions of experts of the investigated companies. 10 experts have been selected using the saturation sampling method. This research, using the foundation's data analysis method, is a type of cross-sectional research in which the data was collected for several weeks. In the quantitative part, the research community is the customers of food manufacturing and trading companies in the industrial towns of Ahvaz city which have been selected to fit the model. Due to the unlimitedness of the statistical population, 384 samples have been considered, and finally, 312 questionnaires have been analyzed. Using Maxqda software, interviews and Coding is done. Smart PLS 2.0 and SPSS 22 software were used in the validation section. In this research, to check the validity, the findings of the research were presented to the participants and the text of the theory was studied by them and their points of view were applied. The reliability of the model was evaluated using the Kappa index. Kappa index value equal to 0.788. Calculated and placed at the valid agreement level. 58 open codes have been identified among 256 concepts. 58 primary codes in the form of 18 categories, including company performance, electronic services, customer value, customer attitude, social responsibility, competitive advantage, customer loyalty, customer desire, advertising and marketing, brand awareness, customer trust, social media, validation, sharing Content, customer participation, service innovation, organizational factors, branding. Validation of the model showed that the overall index of fit (GOF) is equal to 0.661, which is a strong index and shows the overall high quality of the model. The identified factors have had a significant impact.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of the impact of open innovation on the competitive advantage of electronic services in the banking system (case study: Bank of Agriculture branches in Shiraz city). The statistical population included specialists and experts in the field of electronic services in the banking system of Shiraz Bank of Agriculture branches, who were selected as participants in the research using a targeted sampling approach. The data was collected by semi-structured interview method. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and also reviewing the experts who were not participating in the research were used. The reliability of the model was evaluated using the Kappa index. The value of the Kappa index equal to 0.662 was calculated and it was placed at the level of valid agreement. Interviews and coding were analyzed using Maxqda software. Finally, based on the identified final criteria, the model derived from the foundation's data analysis method is presented. In the results of axial coding, 76 primary codes are grouped into 11 categories. The categories include banking marketing, electronic banking, market research, and human aspects of innovation, banking performance, organizational factors, banking technology, banking users and customers, external environment. The bank has been a competitive advantage of the bank and service innovation.

Identifying and determining target markets is one of the most important ways to diversify non-oil exports and reach global markets. The expansion of export markets is one of the important strategies of the country, considering the decrease in revenues from oil exports and its extreme fluctuations. The agricultural sector has made a significant contribution to the country's non-oil exports in recent years. However, the lack of accurate identification of potential export markets has faced challenges in the export development of this sector. Based on this, the aim of this study is to identify and rank the potential target markets of Iran's export agricultural products in such a way that the potential markets for export products in this sector can be identified and prioritized. The statistical sample of this research is all the countries that had commercial exchanges with Iran in the field of agricultural products during the study period, and the information they needed was available in the World Bank database.

The data used to calculate the indicators includes the period from 2002 to 2018. In order to identify and rank the market-target products, the decision support model and the implementation of a four-step screening process using Excel and Access software and programming in the SQL software environment were used.

The findings of the research show that there are realistic export opportunities related to nine products (1) other nuts (2) dates, figs, (3) grapes (4) melons, watermelons (5) apples and fresh pears. (6) ginger, saffron, turmeric, thyme and other spices (except pepper) (7) sugary sweets containing cocoa, including white chocolate (8) bread, sweets, cakes, biscuits and (9) other prepared or preserved vegetables but not frozen.

Empirical studies of the economies of countries with different income levels in terms of access to natural resources in recent decades have shown that the abundance of natural resources and the income from its sale can be considered a valuable capital for countries which with government investments in the major  infrastructures, it provided economic progress and equal distribution of incomes. On the other hand, it makes income distribution unequal by creating opportunities for rent-seeking and forming a shadow economy. The existence of spatial effects suggests the possibility of increasing or decreasing inequality in a country due to internal policies in neighboring countries. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of rent of abundance of natural resources, shadow economy and human development index on income inequality in the form of spatial econometrics using the weighted distance matrix among 75 countries in 4 income groups with the Atlas method in the time period (1990-2021), using a spatial dynamic panel pattern model (spregfext). The results indicated that the expansion of income inequality is caused by the increase in the rent of natural resources, regardless of the income grouping of the countries; The spatial effects of this variable in the same group and neighboring countries are positive but insignificant, except in 21 countries with high average income. The size of the shadow economy in countries with low per capita income has the greatest impact on income inequality; But the size of the shadow economy of countries with the same income group does not affect the distribution of income in neighboring countries. The impact of the human development index on income inequality is decreasing, but the domestic policies of countries with low and medium per capita income in the field of human capital development are ineffective on the distribution of income in neighboring countries. Also, an increase in inequality in one period leads to the continuation of an increase in inequality in the following periods.

Country risks continue to reduce international trade. One of the missing links in the field of studies in the field of international trade patterns of Islamic countries is the lack of a coherent study on the impact of country risk and each of its components on intra-group trade patterns of Islamic countries. The main goal of the article is to evaluate the impact of economic, financial and political risk on industrial exports within the group of member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study examines the intra-group export patterns of this category of countries from the perspective of the gravity model and the pseudo-Poissian maximum likelihood method (PPML) during the period from 2002 – 2021. The results show that the intra-group export pattern of industrial goods of OIC member countries is affected by the market size and the political and financial risk of the countries of origin and destination, the real exchange rate, the distance and common border, and the economic risk of the destination countries. Meanwhile, the political risk variable has a significant negative impact on the intra-group industrial export pattern of the organization's member countries compared to other factors that determine country risk. The impact of economic risk is evaluated negatively only for export purposes, but the impact of financial risk is positive for exporters and importers of industrial goods of member countries. This study suggests that member countries of the organization pay more attention to the role of country risk, especially political risk, in the formation of industrial export patterns within the group. Therefore, increasing institutional capabilities related to export credit, reviewing risk assessment models and how to manage it is a key issue in regional cooperation.

Context: 

cultural, social and political differences of the countries have been the source of additional problems in the application of the bureaucratic model.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the inadequacies of the modern bureaucratic system in Iran with a periodic comparative approach and to design a comprehensive model of bureaucratic leadership based on the leadership teachings of Cyrus the Great.

Among the related concepts, 128 lessons were obtained by using the comparative content analysis method in the field of three common components of leadership. In the community of experts, the snowball method was used and 13 people participated in the implementation of the three-step Delphi technique. The verification of extracted variables in the form of three components was done by using the opinion of experts and its validity was confirmed by professors and management, cultural and historical experts.

show that in the design of a comprehensive leadership model, "correctness of leadership", "honesty in leadership", "the existence of strategic thinking", respectively, have the highest rank among outstanding leadership traits, principles and skills.

model, Cyrus the Great had what today's thinkers consider as leadership traits, principles and skills, and this is a source of pride.

During the last two decades, with the increase in international exchange of goods and services, environmental problems, including climate change and global pollution, have increased significantly. The global effort to reduce environmental problems has put the importance of production and international trade of environmental goods on the agenda of many developed and developing countries.

Institutional restrictions influence trade and export of these goods. These restrictions include environmental regulations, quality of regulations and rule of law. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of this category of institutional restrictions on the export of pollution management goods in developing countries in the framework of the gravity model. In this article, the environmental goods under study include those goods, which are produced or consumed by industry in order to reduce and manage air and water pollution. The econometric model is estimated by panel data for period 1996-2021 and a sample of 131 developing countries, and 196 export destinations using the fixed effects method.

The results show that the institutional limitation from the perspective of strict environmental regulations and the quality of the institutional environment of the countries of origin has an effect on the export of environmental goods that manage pollution. This result is also true from the point of view of strict environmental regulations of export destinations. Therefore, in addition to the traditional factors affecting international trade, institutional restrictions are strong drivers of the export of pollution management goods in developing countries and their export destinations.

Therefore, policies based on institutional restrictions from the perspective of strict environmental regulations in developing and destination countries help the export flow of environmental goods that manage pollution and lay the foundation for the participation of developing countries in the global and regional value chain of environmental goods.

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The most important relative advantage of Iran’s economy has long been the export of crude oil and natural gas. Due to the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant effect on the sustainable economic growth of Iran’s economy. One of the solutions to this problem, is to infiltrate the downstream industries of these products, the most important of which is the development of the petrochemical industry. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine Iran’s export opportunities in the petrochemical industry to four member countries of the ECOTA trade agreement, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkey, using the integrated approach of the economic complexity-decision support model. The results of the research show that Iran’s most attractive export opportunities exist in the market of Turkey and then Pakistan, most of which are related to the export of crude oil and natural gas or other upstream products of the petrochemical industry. In the intermediate and downstream products of the petrochemical industry, Iran has a good export performance in the world market, but has not been able to penetrate well in the mentioned countries. The results of the research show that these products also have a significant market in Turkey and Pakistan, which also their tariff rate is less than 5% on average. Based on this, there are potential export opportunities for developing the export of middle and downstream products in the market of these countries.

With increasing specialization in various sectors of the market environment, it has become essential to identify customer satisfaction indicators and prioritize them to enhance the provision of supplementary health insurance services.

This study aimed to identify, prioritize, and assess satisfaction indicators among individuals covered by supplemental insurance.

This exploratory mixed-method study involved 20 participants, including university faculty members, managers, and insurance experts in Khuzestan province. In the qualitative phase, a scoping review of relevant literature was initially conducted using electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science to extract key axes. Subsequently, in two stages of fuzzy Delphi, relevant indicators were extracted and then prioritized by a panel of experts using the fuzzy AHP method.

A total of 33 articles were retrieved through the database search. Following semi-structured interviews, 11 indicators were identified, including premium, insurance obligations limit, timely payment of expenses, provision of online services, respectful treatment, reasonableness of required documents, waiting period, complaint handling, franchising information, and discrimination in service provision. Among these factors, the premium had the highest priority, with a final weight of 0.190.

The results highlight the significance of premium as the most influential factor in the study. Therefore, insurance company managers should focus on increasing insured individuals' satisfaction and enhancing their companies' overall perception. 

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of institutional quality on the export ofintermediate goods 3 by developing countries according to good, moderate, and bad institutionalquality conditions. The institutional variable included the World Bank’s average goodgovernance index. The estimation of the model was carried out using panel data for 1997-2021on a sample of 131 developing countries by the application of the Estimated Generalized LeastSquares (EGLS) method. The results show that the institutional quality has an impact on bilateralexports of developing countries only among the pairs of countries with similar conditions ofmoderate institutional quality. Thus, the governments of developing countries having moderategovernance conditions need to prioritize development and extensive reforms concerninginstitutional development to increase their exports of intermediate goods.JFL Classification: F14, O14, O24, Q58

During the last two decades, growth of international exchange of goods and services, has increased environmental problems including climate change and global pollution significantly. Thus, the global effort to reduce environmental problems, the importance of production and international trade of environmental goods has been placed on the agenda of many developed and developing countries. One of the most important efforts and measures in this regard, is institutional development which includes strict environmental regulations, rule of law and improving the quality of regulations. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the importance and impact of institutional factors on the export of environmental goods in developing and developed countries within the framework of the gravity model. To estimate the model, a panel data was built for the period of 1996-2021, using a sample of 129 developing countries and 41 developed countries, by applying the least squares method with fixed effect. The results show that strict environmental policies, the rule of law and the quality of regulations encourage the export of environmental goods in developed countries, but this result is not true for developing countries. While the aforementioned institutional factors are known to be the main drivers of the export of environmental goods for the export purposes of the group of countries under study. Therefore, the global effort to improve the standard and effective environmental policy framework, and to improve the quality of regulations and governance is considered beneficial for the export development of environmental goods.

The occurrence of unexpected phenomena in recent decades in financial markets around the world,led to the development of theories,beyond the defined principles and criteria of classic finance.These theories are based on financial psychology and they are explaining the role of psychology in financial sciences as an influential factor and became irreplaceable in financial markets and investor decisions.One of the important theories in this field is the bounded-rationality-theory,which can explain the behavior of decision-makers about financial and economical issues based on defined theoretical frameworks and assumptions.This study developed the stock pricing model by comparing the predicted stock price based on the bounded-rationality-theory and the real stock price through collecting the data of 122 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011to 2019.The results of this study show the effectiveness of the bounded-rationality-theory based on the separation of stock return components and measuring the irrationality coefficient and emotional reactions of investors' decisions in stock prices.Accordingly,the limitations of investors 'ability to process information seem to affect the level of use of reasoning and rationality in decision-making and the effect of bounded-rationality through the irrationality and limited attention on stock pricing.Therefore,it is expected that knowledge about the process of bounded-rationality based on the rational-bounded of investors and the behavioral biases resulting from the irrational part of their thinking,will provide a good explanation for the process of changes in financial markets.This can provide both profit opportunities and costs in investment management so that it can be used in modeling,analysis and investment strategies.

One of the drivers of the development of the agricultural sector is the development of production and export of the food industry as the downstream activity of this sector.  Accordingly, in the present study, it has been attempted to  prioritize the products of the food industry using two theories of economic complexity and product space. For this purpose, using the export data of food industry products at the level of four-digit HS codes,  the product space of the food industry was formed and the indicators resulting from the two mentioned theories including product complexity, product density, product opportunity benefit, and the dollar value of global product imports have been calculated and used. In the framework of three separate scenarios (in each different weights have been given to the listed indicators), priority products have been prioritized for the development of food industry exports. The findings of this research can be a good guide for public sector managers who are trying to prepare an industrial development plan.

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According to the product space theory, the probability that a country will be able to develop the production and export of a product, depends on its current capabilities in producing other products, which are closely related to that product. In this research, based on the product space theory, the export dynamics of Iranian food industry has been investigated. For this purpose, the density index, which is an important variable of the product space approach, is used in an econometric model as an explanatory variable. Then, the system GMM estimator is applied to estimate the model. The results indicate that the coefficient of the density index is positive and is statistically significant at the level of 1%. Therefore, product space theory is a powerful approach to identify new products in the food industry, in order to develop the industry and to diversify the country's export basket. According to this study, the following new products were identified in this industry: (1) flour and meal, (2) jam, jelly and fruit, (3) confectionery sugar, (3) fruit and nuts, (4) fruit juice, (5) cane and beet sugar, and (6) other plant products. Finally, based on the core of the product space theory, it is recommended that network cooperation is formed among manufacturing companies active in this industry, for adopting new technologies to develop new products.

Given that the market environment is becoming specialized in different sectors, it is necessary to identify specialized indicators of customer loyalty and their priority to improve the provision of complementary health insurance services. This study aimed to identify, prioritize, and measure the loyalty indicators in people covered by supplemental insurance.

 

An exploratory study was conducted using a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative section, 20 interviews were conducted with faculty members, managers, and experts of insurance companies in Ahvaz (Khuzestan province, Iran). In the quantitative section, 380 interviews were conducted with the staff of supplementary health insurance. In the qualitative section, the data were first extracted using scoping review methodology, then coded and classified using the data-driven method. Next, each indicator was prioritized using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software.

 

We included a total of 38 articles in the scoping review. After the semi-structured interview, five indicators were identified, including customer satisfaction, customer trust, repurchase intention, recommendation to others, and brand preference. Moreover, customer satisfaction (0.269), repurchase intention (0.233), brand preference (0.196), customer trust (0.155), and recommendation to others (0.147) had the greatest impact on customer loyalty.

 

According to the results, customer satisfaction was the most important factor influencing loyalty. Therefore, the managers of insurance companies should pay more attention to increase satisfaction of insured individuals and improve customer loyalty in companies.

International trade studies indicate that trade relations of countries at the global and regional levels can be considered as a network and with this network and its indicators; the position of each country and region can be examined and analyzed. In examining the position of countries and their trade partners, unlike bilateral methods that examine only direct trade relations, the approach of network analysis and the resulting statistics -which are known as the indicators of trade partners’ diversity- can consider indirect trade relations and intermediary countries in trade networks. Statistics such as number of partners, degree of intensity, indicators of centrality and central position of each partner in the trade network, can be help to identify and explore connections, and to get a deeper visual understanding of a country's position in the regions and its hidden capacities in the trade network. As a result, the interactions of trade relations (direct and indirect) of all countries with each other can be revealed. This study is based on constructing a weighted matrix of trade relations network of all countries in five periods since 1998 to 2018. The results show that the of Iran's trade position has weakened during the reviewed periods and its network indicators have become more fragile after the sanctions. Based on the ranking of the mixed index obtained from the principal components of the trade partners’ diversity indicators, the appropriate trading partners for Iran in order of priority are: China, Japan, India, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, UAE, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Turkey, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines. however, Iran has not been able to fully benefit from the trade capacities of the candidate countries in trade relations.

Ownership is one of the new legal institutions that has entered Iranian law in the last century. Although this type of ownership has existed in jurisprudence since ancient times in the form of a common contract, there are differences with today's time-sharing that is manifested in English law. In English law, time ownership or time sharing has entered into the law of this country in two common and joint ways, which in terms of being common has the same relative nature as Iranian law. Considering this legal institution in the two countries mentioned, we try to study this issue in an analytical-descriptive way in the law of Iran and Britain and to determine the similar points and its differences in the law of the two countries. The results of the research show that in British law, ownership in time sharing is complete and absolute, while in Iran, ownership is created in a common way.

The Financial market analysis is an important issue that influences investors' decisions. This paper developed the stock pricing model by comparing the predicted stock price based on the anchoring and adjustment theory and the real stock price through collecting and analyzing the initial information and data of 122 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011 to 2019. The results of this study show the effectiveness of the anchoring and adjustment theory based on the separation of stock return components and measuring the irrationality coefficient and emotional reactions of investors' decisions in stock prices. Accordingly, the limitations of investors 'ability to process information seem to affect the level of use of reasoning and rationality in decision-making and the effect of bounded rationality through the irrationality and limited attention on stock pricing. Therefore, it is expected that knowledge about the process of bounded rationality based on the rational bounded of investors and the behavioral biases resulting from the irrational part of their thinking, will provide a good explanation for the process of changes in financial markets. This can provide both profit opportunities and costs in investment management so that it can be used in modeling, analysis and investmentstrategies.

In the last two decades, trade in intermediate goods and services in developing  countries has been growing due to their connection to global value chains. On the other hand, many of these countries should take steps to develop institutional structures, especially in the field of international trade. The mail objective of this study is to investigate the importance and impact of the institutional factor on the export of intermediate goods of developing countries within the framework of the gravity model. The average governance index of the World Bank and its determinants include the rule of law, the effectiveness of government, the quality of regulation, political stability and absence of violence, corruption control and Voice and accountability are used as proxies for institutional structure. To estimate the model of panel data for the years 1996–2017, the Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) methods were applied. The results  show that enhancing the good governance in those countries, increases their  participation in the global export of intermediate goods. However, good governance  in the destination countries does not affect the export of developing countries.  Therefore, the priority of developing countries inenhancing the export of intermediategoods by improving good governance, must be to providing a platform for government effectiveness, quality regulation and the rule of law.

Today, exports and diversification are among the most important factors of economic growth. This is doubly important for Iran, which has seen international sanctions in the last decade and the loss of much of its oil revenues. Therefore, identifying export opportunities and products in order to develop exports and diversify it is of particular importance. In this study, using the decision support model, export opportunities for industrial products with a pronounced comparative advantage of Iran are identified. Export opportunity refers to the combination of export product-export target market. The results of the survey show that out of 158 potential export target markets and 38 products with obvious comparative advantage, 107 export opportunities are considered as strong opportunities for Iran's export development, which are the most important potential export opportunities for Iran in There are Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, France, Indonesia, Belgium, China, Romania, Kenya, Kuwait and Georgia. Most of the products with strong export potential are related to petroleum products, petrochemicals, minerals and metals.

In full capital market there is no relationship between dividend policy and investment decisions. However, frictions of capital market result in the appearance of negative effect of dividend on investment decisions. On way to modify this negative effect is qualified financial reporting. This modifying effect is more prominent among adolescent firms and firms with high level of investment opportunities. Therefore, the final goal of this research is to investigate modifying effect of life cycle (adolescent firms) and growth opportunities on the negative relationship between dividend and investment decisions.Four hypotheses are considered for answering the above goal. In this way a sample consist of 105 firms listed in Tehran stock exchange were selected to test hypotheses. For estimating regression models, combined data were used during 1390 to 1398. The findings show that dividend has negative effect on the level of firm investment and this effect can be modified by high level of financial reporting quality. This modification effect is more prominent among adolescent firms and firms with high level of investment opportunities. According to these findings, the modifying effect of life cycle and growth opportunities on the modifying effect of financial reporting quality are confirmed empirically.

With the number of insurance customers growing, insurance companies are trying new ways to retain customers and streamline communication channels to avoid loss of revenue. The present study set out to develop a model for a reliable analysis of customer lifetime value.

The present study was exploratory mixed method in design. The study took place in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, located in Ahvaz, Iran. A total of 402 insurance experts and university staffers participated in the study. A cross-sectional data collection was done using semi-structured interviews (n = 22) and a questionnaire (n = 380). The latter was validated via a panel of content area experts, criterion-dependent validity (second-order confirmatory factor analysis), and divergent validity (cross-sectional load test and Fornell-Laker). Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were - 0.8 and 0.8, respectively. A structural equation approach was employed to analyze data using Smart PLS software.

Customer loyalty with an impact factor of 0.60 and T-statistic of 5.79, profitability with an impact factor of 0.55 and T-statistic of 3.75, customer co-creation with an impact factor of 0.28, and T-statistic of 2.7 have been identified as dimensions of customer lifetime value.

Measuring customer lifetime value to implement various strategies requires a deep understanding of such value dimensions as loyalty, profitability, and value creation.

This study aimed to identify and prioritize the dimensions and indicators of measuring customer lifetime value (CLV) for the supplemental health insurance industry.

In this exploratory qualitative study, first, the initial dimensions and indicators of CLV were extracted through a scoping review. Next, 20 key informants, including academics and insurance industry experts, were selected by purposive sampling and then interviewed to identify and extract other dimensions and indicators of CLV for the supplemental health insurance industry. The data were collected using an in-depth and semi-structured interview and analyzed using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Out of 232 retrieved articles, 13 studies were eligible to include in this scoping review. After reviewing this study, seven general factors, including customer profitability, service cost, customer retention rate, revenue, discount rate, and time and price paid by the customer, were identified as effective factors in CLV. Moreover, 61 comments were identified after interviewing experts (at the first stage of the interview). Then, after three stages of semi-structured interviews, 17 comments were removed, and 44 comments were approved. Finally, three dimensions, including profitability, customer loyalty, and value co-creation, and 13 indicators, including customer satisfaction, trust, repurchase intention, customer trust, brand performance to repurchase, financial purchasing pattern, service delivery pattern, information search, information sharing, co-production, feedback, helping, and tolerance, were extracted. After conducting the fuzzy AHP, profitability (0.652), customer loyalty (0.226), and customer value co-creation (0.122) were the most important dimensions for CLV, respectively. Additionally, purchase pattern (0.274), financial procedures (0.261), and service delivery pattern (0.117) had the highest priority among the indicators, respectively.

According to the results, although customer profitability was the most important dimension to measure CLV, CLV is a combinatorial concept. Therefore, the dimensions of customer loyalty and customer value co-creation should be taken into consideration as effective dimensions in predicting and measuring the concept.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between export sophistication and Iran’s industrial growth. To this end, export sophistication and other growth control variables such as real exchange rate, capital formation index and Number of employees with university education were also separated with data up to 2-digit level of ISIC Rev3 over the period 2016–2004. The results of panel estimation model using Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) show positive and significant effect of export sophistication variable on Iran’s industrial growth. It is suggested that incentives and supportive policies be formulated and implemented to achieve high industrial growth, leading to a gradual change in the structure of industrial production so that activities with more sophisticated products replace the activities of low export sophistication.