hoda javaheribarfourooshi

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing glycinate form of zinc, copper, iron and manganese on growth performance and some blood biochemical parameters of suckling calves. A total of 20 one-day-old Holstein calves were randomly divided into two equal groups. Until weaning on day 63, the control group received milk and basal starter diet containing whey protein as a carrier while the treatment group received milk containing 6, 1.5, 15, and 6 ppm of zinc, copper, iron and manganese respectively, together with basal starter diet containing 40, 10, 100, and 40 ppm of zinc, copper, iron and manganese respectively. To assess the growth performance, feed intake was measured daily, and calves were weighed weekly. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and 63. Supplementation with glycinate trace elements significantly increased serum albumin, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein and decreased low-density lipoprotein concentrations in suckling calves compared to the control group. Carpus lengths was increased in calves treated with organic trace elements compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, serum concentration of zinc tended to be higher in calves received glycinate trace mineral supplement (P=0.05). However, supplementation of organic trace minerals had no significant effect on growth performance and concentration of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. The results of this study showed that supplementing the diet of calves with glycinate trace minerals improved inflammation-related parameters such as albumin, low- and high-density lipoproteins, and energy metabolism-related parameters such as serum glucose. However, supplementation of glycinate trace minerals did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of suckling calves.

Storing spermatozoa in a cold environment decreases spermatozoa metabolism while maintaining sperm fertility. Because of their unique physiological characteristics, sperm cells’ reproductive ability in small ruminants is reduced by cooling. This study aimed to assess the impact of supplementing chilling medium with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the quality parameters of buck’s semen after chilling at 4°C. Semen was collected, diluted, and divided into five groups with different CoQ10 supplementation concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM CoQ10). Collected semen were stored at 4°C for 50 h. The motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, viability, and lipid peroxidation were measured after 0, 25, and 50 h of chilling. According to the findings, different concentrations of CoQ10 had no impact (P>0.05) on semen at time 0 of storage. After 25 and 50 h of storage, supplementing the chilling medium with 5 µM CoQ10 increased (P≤0.05) progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), viability, mitochondrial activity, and membrane integrity compared to other groups. Furthermore, 5 µM CoQ10 produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) after 25 and 50 h than the other groups. Adding 5 µM CoQ10 to the buck’s semen cooling medium is an effective procedure for protecting the quality of buck spermatozoa during cooling storage.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm quality preservation in sheep using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO during chilling process. In this experiment, semen samples were collected from five Zandi rams and added to the extender containing 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 50 and 500 µM Mito-TEMPO and stored at 4 ˚C until 48 hours. Sperm quality was evaluated at 0, 24 and 48 hours after chilling and total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and lipid peroxidation were assessed. No difference was observed between treatments at time 0 of cooling. During 24 and 48 hours cooling periods, using 5 and 50 µM Mito-TEMPO increased total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and decreased lipid peroxidation in ram chilled sperm. In conclusion, using 5 and 50 µM Mito-TEMPO in chilling herbal extender could be a suitable method to conserve ram sperm quality during chilling process.

Although sperm cryopreservation seems to be an efficient technique for distributing competent sperm for artificial insemination, the process affects the quality of post-thawed sperm.

This study was designed to see how the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” affected buck sperm quality during cryopreservation. 

After proper semen samples collection, they were diluted and divided into 5 equal groups and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen with 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM Mito-TEMPO. Sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and viability were all evaluated after thawing. 

When the freezing extender was supplemented with 10 µM Mito-TEMPO, total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and viability increased (P≤0.05), while lipid peroxidation decreased (P≤0.05). 

Finally, the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” could be introduced as an effective cryo-additive to improve buck semen quality parameters during cryopreservation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saturated and unsaturated fat sources in the diet of late pregnancy and early lactation on histological changes in the mammary gland of nulliparous Saanen goats. Thirty does from the second half of pregnancy were divided into three groups based on body weight. For each group, the diet contained either: 1) saturated fat (positive control, C+), 2) roasted soybeans (omega-6, SB), or 3) extruded flaxseeds (omega-3, FS). Milk production was determined weekly and mammary tissue sampling was performed three times after kidding and the histological information of the mammary tissue was obtained using Image J software. The results showed that consumption of flaxseed and soybean increased milk production in the whole period compared to the C+ group (P<0.05).  The percentages of epithelial cells and stroma were the highest and the lowest, respectively in the FS group compared to the other groups(P<0.05). The areas of alveoli, lumen, epithelium and the number of epithelial cells per alveolus were higher in the SB group; however, the number of alveoli per unit area  was lower in SB group than  in the other groups (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is concluded that the consumption of diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids, in critical periods of mammary gland growth, affects growth and development of mammary tissue, improves lactation performance and increases milk production.

An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dietary level of wheat middlings for Arian commercial strain broilers. One thousand and fifty hundred Arian broiler chickens (a mixture of two sexes) were reared from 5 to 49 days old in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 10 replicates and 30 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included zero (control), 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% levels of wheat middlings in the diet. Wheat middlings reduced the feed cost per kilogram of live weight of broilers at 49 days of age; these reductions at levels of 37.5 and 50% were about 9 and 11%, respectively, and were significant compared to the control. The multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method was applied to determine the optimal level of wheat middlings in the diet. Based on the scoring obtained from this method, the group of birds receiving 37.5% of wheat middlings gained the highest score (72.92) and the groups receiving 25, 50, 12.5 and 0% wheat middlings were in the next ranks (72.58, 72.52, 63.98 and 17.41), respectively. In the end, the optimal level of dietary wheat middlings inclusion to achieve the highest management score obtained by the MADM method was determined to be 34.7%.

The effect of diets containing different sources of fat on milk production and composition, and mammary gland morphology of the 40 primiparousSaanen does was studied during the last two months of pregnancy to 12 weeks after kidding. Goats were divided into four groups of 10 each, based onthe average initial live weight and were assigned to one of four experimental diets. The diets included a non-fat diet, diet containing saturated fat, dietcontaining roasted soybeans, and a diet containing extruded flaxseed. The results showed that during the whole experimental period, milk productionin goats fed with diet containing flaxseed was higher than in goats fed with non- fat diet or saturated fat diet (P<0.05). The average daily milkproduction of goats fed a diet containing flaxseed in the first, second, third, ninth, tenth, and twelfth weeks of lactation was higher than that of goatsfed non-fat diet or saturated fat (P<0.05). The percentage of protein, lactose, solids not fat, and milk solids in non-fat diet goats were higher than theother groups (P<0.05). The percentage of fat to protein ratio in goats fed a diet containing unsaturated fat was higher than in other groups (P<0.05).Consumption of diets containing unsaturated fats improved the volume, environment, and size of mammary gland quarters (P<0.05). In general, theuse of fat supplements rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as soybeans or flaxseed, in the close-up and early lactation diets could improve lactationperformance in primiparous Sannen goats.

In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of corn gluten feed on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and some blood serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted using 500 male Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replicates and 25 birds per replication. The experimental treatments included levels  of zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent corn gluten feed in the diet which fed to broilers from 15 to 42 days of age. The results showed that dietary inclusion of corn gluten feed up to 7.5 percent had no significant effect on average weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratiocompared to control treatment. Also, jejunal morphological indices and blood biochemical parameters including triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, livability, European broiler index and feed cost per kg of weight gain were not affected by dietary treatments. Antibody titer in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) injection was higher in treatment containing 2.5 percent corn gluten feed comparing to other treatments (P<0.05). Based on the obtained results, corn gluten feed can be included in grower and finisher diets of broilers (15 to 42 days of age) up to level of 7.5 percent without any adverse effect on performance.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding fish oil compared to palm oil on the expression of genes affecting the mammary gland growth and development in Holstein cows. Ten cows with at least one parturition were randomly assigned to fish oil (FO) or palm oil (PO) groups, from 42 days before expected parturition date up to 63 days of lactation. Blood samples were taken at 21 days intervals and mammary tissue sampling were taken in two-month intervals (seven and 63 days after parturition). There was no significant difference in serum estradiol and progesterone concentration between two groups. The result of gene expression analysis showed that the relative expression of IGF-I gene in the fish oil group decreased (P

Twenty-four Raeini cashmere goat females (2 and 3 years of age and 35.0±1.4 kg BW) were used to determine effects of melatonin implants and bromocryptine on fiber growth rate (length), cashmere and hair diameter and fleece production. A completely random design was carried out. Four groups were formed: 1) control, 2) melatonin implant, 3) bromocryptine injection and 4) melatonin implant bromocryptine injection. The experimental goats received melatonin implants subcutaneously 18 mg/kg BW at first and repeated after 40 days, group 2), bromocryptine ( 0.5 mg/kg BW per 3 days; group 3) and melatonin implant and with bromocryptine; group 4 ). All goats were fed a balanced diet under the same environmental and natural photoperiodic conditions in a 60-day, from February to March. Overall mean fleece weight were 607.4, 600.3, 523.3 and 471.3g, for bromocryptine, melatonin溺⚡쫲ꛘ, melatonin and control groups, respectively, being greater for bromocryptine and melatonin溺⚡쫲ꛘ than for the other groups (P

The purposes of this study were to evaluate of ovarian and insulin dynamics in dairy cows fed omega-3 fatty acid source. Ten Holstein multiparous cows were selected and after adaptation period given diets containing palm oil (control) and fish oil (treatment) from day -40 to 60 after calving. The study carried to show the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on insulin resistance. Glucose tolerance tests were performed on days 14 and 42 after calving. The cows were synchronized using two injections of prostaglandin on days 20 and 34 after calving and consequently، ovarian dynamics were assessed. Blood samples were obtained on days -35، - 21، 0، 21، 42 and 62 days after calving. Experimental diets have not significant effect on the concentration of cholesterol، triglycerides، HDL cholesterol; however، omega-3 treatment significantly decreased LDL cholesterol levels. The results of the glucose tolerance test showed that omega-3 treatment improved insulin sensitivity. The number of small follicles (less than 6 mm) and medium (between 7 and 9 mm) and large (greater than 10 mm)، there were no significant differences between experimental groups. According to results we suggested that feeding omega-3 could improve insulin resistance in Holstein dairy cows.

The aim of this experiment was evaluating effect of fish oil versus palm oil on mammary gland health and milk production in Holstein cows. Ten multiparous Holstein cows were used from six week before up to 63 days after parturition. Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily، milk composition، body weight and body condition score were measured weekly and blood metabolites were determined 21 day intervals. Milk production with fish oil consumption was increased from 6th weeks of lactation (P<0. 05). Among milk composition، only percentage and yield of milk fat were decreased in FO group (P<0. 05). Milk somatic cell count (P=0. 06) and score (P<0. 05) were decreased with fish oil consumption. Among blood metabolites، serum total cholesterol، LDL-cholesterol and LDL to HDL-cholesterol ratio were decreased in FO group (P<0. 05). Results indicated that consumption of fish oil in transition period besides conserving milk production can alleviate undesirable effects of negative energy balance in early lactation، and decrease milk somatic cell count.