j. seifdavati

Probiotic bacteria are Gram-positive and negative-catalase with various characteristics including resistance to acid and bile salt conditions, antimicrobial characteristics, bacitracin production, and lack of capability for transferring genes resistant to antibiotics. These bacteria are a part of selected and useful bacteria in the digestive system, which leads to reinforcement of the body's immune system if they are adequately consumed (106-107 CFU/g). This research aimed to identify molecular identification and assessment of probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates separated from the digestive and reproduction system of  Ross 308 broiler breeders.
Twenty Ross 308 broiler breeders were selected and samples of the vagina and ileum of them, and the cecum and feces of roosters were taken to separate LAB. The Gram and catalase test was used to approve the biochemical characteristics of LAB. The suspension containing each LAB isolate was harvested at 4  for five min (10,000×g) to assess the survival of the selected LAB isolated under conditions simulating the GI tract. Then, remained sediment in the buffer solution containing HCL (1N) reached to pH equal to two by eliminating the supernatant. After adding 0.1 % (w/v) pepsin to bacterial suspension, it was stored at 37  for three hours. After incubation, the pH of suspension with NaCl (1N) was reached to six. Then, tolerance to small intestine condition was evaluated in PBS solution (pH=7), containing Oxgall (0.3% w/v) and pancreatin (0.1% w/v) of washed suspensions of the LAB was mixed and incubated at 37 . Finally, the LAB isolate population was determined by consecutive dilution in sterile PBS and plate media on MRS agar compared to a blank sample (untreated). For molecular identification of dominant lactic acid bacteria, the DNA of the dominant lactic acid isolate was extracted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit. Then, it was amplified using primers (44F; 1542 R) in temperature conditions. Afterward, for initial approval, PCR products were transferred to 1.5 % agarose gel and electrophoresis was performed in TBE buffer in the presence of positive control and negative control samples. The good diffusion method was used to determine the anti-bacterial effect of the selected LAB isolated against pathogenic factors. To assess auto-aggregation of the selected isolate, the cells obtained from its 24-hour culture were separated by refrigerated centrifugation (10 min, 4 , 6000×g) and was dissolved in phosphate buffer during two phases (pH=7.2) so that the obtained suspension had absorption equal to . Then, the suspension was put at the temperature of 37  for four hours. Then, the absorption of LAB isolate suspension in 600 nm was read. A combination of an equal volume of LAB isolates suspension and pathogenic bacteria were vortexed and incubated at 37℃ for four hours to assess auto-aggregation of isolate. The surface part of the suspensions was read at 600 nm and calculated. About 200 µl of 24 h culture of selected LAB was added to four mL of 1 % MRS agar medium to evaluate the selected LAB isolated antibiotic susceptibility. This combination was overlaid on plates containing 1.5 mL of 1.5% MRS agar, and then, discs of antibiotics including Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Cefazolin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Novobiocin, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, and Nalidixic acid was placed on each plate. After 24 h of incubation at 37℃, the diameter of the inhibition zone (mm) was measured and reported as resistant, relatively sensitive, and sensitive. To consider the capability of hemolysis of blood, LAB isolate was streaked on the surface of a blood agar plate supplemented with 5% sheep blood. After 48 h of incubation at 37℃, the plates were considered in terms of diameter inhibition zone creation and color change in the medium.
The results of the sequencing test led to the identification of Levilactobacillus brevis. The predominant LAB isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reproductive tracts of Ross 308 broiler breeders and L. brevis isolated from the ileum (82.00%) (P<0.05) in the simulated conditions of the GIT compared to the L. brevis isolated from other parts GIT and the reproductive system had more survival than acid and bile. Examining the anti-bacterial effect of the aforementioned isolate showed that the L. brevis bacterium had an inhibitor influence on Shigella dysentery bacteria (87.00%) and Staphylococcus aureus (81.25%). In addition, the highest and the lowest characteristics of co-aggregation of this isolate were observed against Listeria monocytogenes (46.00%) and Salmonella typhimurium (38.00%). This isolate had 43% auto-aggregation characteristics and no hemolytic activity. Assessing antibiotic resistance of LAB isolate showed that the biggest diameter of inhibition zone of bacterium (23.5 mm) was related to Imipenem that had no significant difference with Ampicillin (22.5 mm) and Vancomycin (22.5 mm) and its lowest value (12 mm) was related to Ceftriaxone that had no significant difference with Gentamicin and Cephalotin. The results of this study showed that L. brevis bacterium can be used in the nutrition of broiler breeders as a probiotic bacterium.
The use of probiotics in the feeding of Ross 308 broiler breeders may eliminate the public health concerns of antimicrobial resistance development to some extent, as this could replace the use of antibiotics. According to antimicrobial characteristics, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation of predominant LAB isolate, it can be concluded that L. brevis can be useful and applicable as a probiotic supplement in producing food and pharmaceutical products for broiler breeders.

Determining the nutritional value of nutrients used in animal feed or diets using live livestock are costly and time-consuming; so, there is a great tendency to evaluate them using laboratory methods. Measurement of the gas production parameters from in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs was established by Menck et al. (1979). In this method, the fermentation of the feed sample and measurement of gas production parameters take place in glass syringes by a rotary incubator, which was positioned horizontally at specific locations to mimic ruminal conditions. In order to eliminate the disadvantages and improve the original method of gas production test proposed by Menek and Steingass (1988), several studies have been carried out by various researchers. Changing laboratory equipment’s of gas test was carried out mainly by Blümmel and Ørskov (1993), using a water bath or Bin Marie instead of a rotating incubator and the rotation of the syringes in the incubator was compensated by shaking the syringes by hand. In a report by Fedorak and Hrudey (1983), a simple method was used to measure the volume of produced gas using a graded petite-like, thin-walled glass tube attached to a culture medium containing bottle and based on the displacement of water inside the pet. In another report, Theodorou et al. (1994) also used a barometer to connect the hose to a bottle containing the culture medium to estimate the gas production. The cost of producing a rotary incubator for measuring the gas test with glass syringes is high and has the potential to be difficult to install and operate, due to the sensitivity and fragility of the syringes. It seems that most efforts of previous researchers have been based on the improvement and simplification of the original method. Glass syringes are an imported commodity and will cause the currency to exit the country; thus, replacing it with plastic syringes can reduce country's dependence on imports and reduce the costs of related research. A search of reliable scientific sources at home and abroad shows that there has been no report on the comparison of plastic syringes with glass in the gas production test. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of plastic syringes instead of glass syringes in the parameters of gas production of some feedstuffs.

The feedstuffs included alfalfa hay, perennial ryegrass, barley grain, corn grain, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal. Glass syringes and two types of plastic syringes of type I and II (high and medium quality respectively) were used. The gas production parameters were determined using commonly used models and the data were analyzed based on a completely randomized design.  Menke et al. (1979) method was used to measure the amount of gas production. The amounts of short chain fatty acids, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter in dry matter, and metabolizable energy were estimated using related equations (Menke and Steinggass, 1988). The data obtained from the method of gas production were analyzed based on a completely randomized design with repeated measurements design using SAS (2003) software.

The results of the net volume of gas produced from the feedstuffs (except barley grain) at 6 h did not show a significant difference between glass syringes and type I plastic syringes (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the three types of syringes at 6 h in rye forage. At 24 h, there was a significant difference between glass syringes and plastic syringes in terms of gas volume (P<0.05), except for corn grain and rapeseed meal. At 96 h, there was a significant difference between glass and plastic syringes in terms of volume of gas production (P<0.05), except for rapeseed meal. Between glass syringes and plastic syringes type I and II, there was a significant difference in terms of gas production potential for all feedstuffs (P<0.05), except for rapeseed meal. Overall, these results showed that the volume of gas production in type I and type II plastic syringes was lower than that of glass syringes. There was a significant difference between the glass and plastic syringes of types I and II in terms of A or gas production potential (P<0.05), except for rapeseed meal. The potential of gas production was lower than that of glass syringes, similar to the volume of gas production in plastic syringes, especially its second type. There was no significant difference between the glass and plastic syringes of the first type in terms of c parameter or gas production rate, except for alfalfa hay and barley grain. There was no significant difference between type I glass and plastic syringes in terms of lag or lag time for all feedstuffs, except for barley grain. In terms of lag time, there was a significant difference between type II syringes and plastic syringes for soybean meal and rapeseed. However, for alfalfa hay, ryegrass, barley grain, and corn grain, there were no significant differences in terms of Metabolizable energy, short-chain fatty acids, and organic matter digestibility estimated from feedstuffs showed that there was no significant difference between glass syringes and plastic syringes of type I only for corn grain and canola meal. High correlation coefficients (r = 0.90 to 0.98) were found between the results of glass syringes with type I plastic syringes.
When feed is fermented with ruminal liquid in vitro conditions, its carbohydrates are converted to short-chain fatty acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, lactic, etc., and gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane (Blümmel and Ørskov, 1993). However, regression relationships do not take into account the different physical properties of feeds in the rumen, as well as digestive differences in the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract. But, regression relations estimate only the total amount of volatile fatty acids (Parand and Taghizadeh, 2011, Mirshadi et al., 2016).

The results showed that the measured volumes of gas production and estimated parameters in plastic syringes, especially its second type, were lower than those of glass syringes; though, in some feeds inclusions of maize seed and rapeseed were similar in most cases to glass and plastic syringes of the first type. The high correlation coefficients between the results of the syringes indicate that it is possible to develop mathematical models for estimating the desirable results when using plastic syringes. However, more research is needed and more feedstuffs should be used to provide regression models to estimate the results equivalent to glass syringes, when using plastic syringes. The lack of significance of the results in some feedstuffs and the high correlation coefficients between the results of the syringes show that it is possible to replace high-quality plastic syringes instead of glass syringes.

The supplementation of selenium in animal nutrition is useful after a decline in performance due to selenium deficiency of diet. As nutritional technologies progress, new Selenium supplements such as nano selenium are available, which requires research and comparison with previous products. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of selenium sources effect on performance, blood metabolites and immune response in Holstein and Holstein- Mont Bilyard Hybrid calves.

24 sucking Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves with mean body weight of 43±1 kg were divided in a completely randomized design for 75 days. The experimental treatments included: 1- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 2- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein calves, 3- basal diet+0.3 mg/kgDM supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 4- basal diet+0.3 mg supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein calves, 5 - Basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM Sodium selenite for Holstein- Mont Bilyard calves, 6- basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM sodium selenite for Holstein calves. The daily feed intake of calves and body weight gain and the concentrations of metabolites such as glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and the percent of lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte of blood samples were determined.

There was no significant effect on performance and also on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and immune response in calves. But blood total protein and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in calves. In general, the source of supplements was not effective in the level of glutathione peroxidase activity of treatments.

There was no significant effect on performance and blood parameters of Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves.

Between 2 to 12% of a ruminant’s energy intake is typically lost through the enteric fermentation process. Ruminant production is associated with nitrogen loss especially in the form of ammonia from urine and manure management during composting. These contribute to greenhouse emission and environmental pollution in general. In the past few decades, feed additives such as antibiotics, ionophores, methane inhibitors, and anti-protozoa agents have been successfully used to reduce these rumen energy, nitrogen releases and metabolic disorders (Calsamiglia et al. 2007), though   increase production efficiency. Therefore, ruminants’ nutritionists try to use compounds that increase the efficiency of energy and protein intake by changing the population and activity of ruminal microorganisms (Fereydounpour et al. 2016).   These alternative compounds are probiotics, organic acids, and medicinal plants (Calsamiglia et al. 2007). The essential oils are secondary plant metabolites, which have antimicrobial properties and can be suitable substitutes for antibiotics to alter rumen microbial activity. Also, a research has shown that the essential oils and their constituents have the potential to improve nitrogen and energy utilization in ruminants (Patra et al. 2006). Talebzadeh et al (2012) reported that the essential oil of thyme at 150, 300, 450, and 600 micrograms per ml of culture medium was used only at concentrations above 450 mg decreased the real digestibility of organic matter. Adding powdered herbs such as thyme and garlic cabbage can affect the in vitro digestibility and the amount of in vitro gas production in sainfoin and alfalfa and their mixture. Thymol is a main phenolic component in thyme and carvacrol is also a minor component (Leung and Foster 1996). These compounds are involved in oxidation and reduction reactions. Thyroid has a large antimicrobial activity by preventing the bacteria growth. Researchers reported that active compounds in garlic containing allycine, diallylsulfide, and di-allylene sulfide, which can affect ruminal harmful bacteria. Considering the various compounds and effects of thyme and garlic and the need for further studies on medicinal plants, this study carried out to investigate the effects of adding levels of thyme powder and garlic on digestibility and fermentation parameters of sainfoin and alfalfa forage in laboratory conditions.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different levels   of thyme powder and garlic cabbage powder on digestibility and the amount of in vitro gas production at three levels of 0, 1.5, and 3% for alfalfa, sainfoin and mixed alfalfa and sainfoin based on a completely randomized design. Measurement of digestibility of alfalfa forage, sainfoin and mixture of 50% alfalfa and 50% sainfoin were carried out using thyme powder and garlic cabbage powder by Holden method (2000). In this method, the nylon bag was used instead of filtration and a daisy (rumen simulator) incubator was used instead of a hot water bath. Menke et al (1979) method was used to measure the amount of gas production. The amounts of short chain fatty acids, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter in dry matter, and metabolizable energy were estimated using related equations (Menke and Steinggass 1988). The data obtained from the method of gas production analyzed in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements. Data digestibility by Holden was investigated in a completely randomized design using SAS (2003) software.

The results showed that adding 1.5% thyme and garlic to sainfoin forage improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter digestibility, digestibility of organic matter in dry matter, and metabolizable energy compared with control group (P <0.05). Also, adding 3% garlic powder showed a significant increase in digestibility of organic matter in dry matter and metabolizable energy compared with the control group (P <0.05). But adding 1.5% and 3% thyme and garlic powder to alfalfa and mixed alfalfa and sainfoin had not a significant effect on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, digestibility of organic matter in dry matter and metabolizable energy compared with the control group. The results showed that adding 1.5 percent of garlic powder to sainfoin was reduced the amount of produced gas compared with the control group for 6, 24, 48 hours after incubation and also adding 3 percent of garlic powder to sainfoin was decreased the amount of produced gas compared with the control group for 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after incubation (P <0.05). This trend was followed by the reduction of the amount of gas for treatment of 3% garlic + alfalfa at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 times compared with the control group (P <0.05). Feeding 1.5% of garlic powder was increased the amount of produced gas at 3, 48, 72, and 120 hours of incubation compared with the control group (P <0.05). The results showed that adding 1.5 and 3% garlic powder to sainfoin forage had the lowest amount of digestible organic matter, short chain fatty acid, metabolizable energy, gas production potential and gas production rate compared with other treatments (P <0.05). Also, results showed that 3% of garlic powder in alfalfa had the lowest amount of digestible organic matter, short chain fatty acid, metabolizable energy, gas production potential compared with the control group (P <0.05). Adding plant additives had no significant effect on mixed of alfalfa and sainfoin compared with the control group. The essential oils that contain high levels of effective components (Fraser et al. 2007) or even low ones (Castillejos et al. 2006) can affect digestibility. This is due to the sensitivity of fibrolytic bacteria to the active components of all essential oils (Benchaar et al. 2007).

The effect of different levels of thyme and garlic on the nutritional value and digestibility of forage and sainfoin showed that addition of 1.5% of garlic and thyme improved the digestibility of forage by Holden method. Generally, adding thyme to forage at most of the times did not significantly improve the amount of gas produced compared with the control group, but at some times there was a numerical increase in the amount of produced gas. Adding 3% garlic at most of the times and 1.5% garlic at some of the times caused a significant reduction in the amount of produced gas compared with the control group. It can also be concluded that the use of 3% garlic reduced the fermentation parameters obtained from the gas test (total volatile fatty acid, metabolizable energy, and digestibility) in sainfoin and alfalfa. The results of this study suggest that the addition of thyme and garlic can change the fermentation parameters and the amount of gas production, which is different depending on their usage amount.

 Selenium (Se), as an antioxidant element, is a neutralizing mineral for oxidative stress and urging apoptosis in stressed biological systems. Selenium is a necessary trace element for ruminants that participates in varied biological processes like antioxidant defense, production of thyroid hormone, and response of immune system. In recent years, researches have focused on the best supplementary sources of selenium to maximize biological performance. The studies about reproductive performance, such as that of Gabryszuk and Klewiec (2002), showed that injecting ewes with Se four weeks before breeding and again during the last four weeks of gestation caused a 32% increase in lambing percentage compared with Se-deficient ewes. Furthermore, adequate Se status of the newborn lambs not only ensures prevention of nutritional myopathy, but also decreases losses in lamb productivity. Lambs from Se-supplemented ewes showed faster progression to stand and nurse compared with lambs from unsupplemented ewes and leading to an overall decrease in lamb mortality (Muñoz et al. 2009). It has been observed that selenium mineral supplements, such as sodium selenite and sodium selenate, have the same bioavailability. However, organic selenium supplements such as yeast selenium more effectively increase the concentration of selenium in blood and milk and may have a better bioavailability. However, the recently developed red elemental selenium has promising uses in the environmental protection from the pollution of the excessive selenium (Zhang et al. 2007). Zhang et al. (2007) synthesized nano red elemental selenium (nano-Se) with the size of 5 – 100 nm and observed that nano-Se had a similar bioavailability in rat and much less acute toxicity in mice compared with selenite. Recently, Wang et al. (2007) showed that nano-Se (20 – 60 nm) possesses equal efficacy in increasing the activities of GSH-Px in plasma and liver from male Kunming mice compared with selenomethionine. The periparturient period is the foremost necessary stage in farm animals about health standing and production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sources of selenium on blood and serum selenium concentration of Khalkhali goats during late pregnancy, as well as the effect of these sources on the concentration of selenium in their kids up to four weeks and serum and colostrum immunoglobulin concentration (IgG) of mothers and kids (immediately after birth).

The experiment was conducted using 40 Khalkhali goats in a completely randomized design devided into four groups with 10 goats per each group. The goats were randomly allocated to four treatments to receive supplementations of 0 (control), 0.6 mg Se head−1</sup> day−1</sup> of seleno-methionine (SM), 0.6 mg Se head−1</sup> day−1</sup> of nano-selenium (SN), and 0.6 mg Se head−1</sup> day−1</sup> of sodium selenite (SS) from four weeks before the expected day of delivery. Their blood samples were taken at that time and on the kidding day. In addition, colostrums were collected in pre-cleaned polyethylene bottles from the goats as immediately as possible after kidding. Instantly after delivery, newborn kids were taken apart from their dams. The control group did not receive any supplement and received only the basal ration containing 0.1 mg Se kg-1</sup> DM. Blood samples were collected from goats three weeks before the expected kidding. Blood samples of kids were taken from the jugular vein on the day of birth and 7 days after birth. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to prepare the serum. The ELISA method was used to determine the concentration of IgG and selenium concentration was measured using the ICP-OES device. The weight of kids at the birth and up to four weeks, colostrum production in the first three days and milk production of goats for four weeks were recorded and analyzed.

 There were no significant differences in birth weight, weight of kids up to four weeks, colostrum production in the first three days, and milk production until the fourth week in goats. There was a significant difference between the groups in serum IgG concentration, colostrum IgG, and blood IgG concentration of kids (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between mineral selenium, nano-selenium, and control group. However, seleno-methionine had a significantly better performance than nano-selenium and sodium selenite. Serum and blood selenium concentrations were similar before kiding, but the concentration of selenium in serum and blood of supplemented goats was significantly higher than the control ones (P> 0.05). The results of this experiment showed that serum and blood selenium concentrations in nano-selenium recieved goats were significantly higher compared with other groups (P<0.05). Serum and blood selenium concentrations of kids at birth and colostral selenium concentration in the experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05), except for the goats supplemented with selenium nanoparticles, which significantly decreased compared to the control goats. The serum selenium and blood levels of selenomethionine recieved group showed the highest selenium levels in comparison with other groups. Selenium blood levels increased significantly in the first week of life of the kids only in the organic supplementation treatment (P <0.05).

Organic selenium supplementation in late pregnancy was effective in transferring blood immunity from the goats to the kids and led to changes in serum and colostrum IgG levels of goats. The supplementation of different Se forms (sodium selenite, selenomethionine and elemental nano-Se) into pregnant goats’ diet increased Se status in the whole blood and serum compared with controls. Among Se sources, nano-selenium exhibited an excellent increasing Se status in pregnant goats. Current results showed differences in the transplacental Se transfer capacities of sodium selenite, selenium nanoparticles, and selenomethionine. When comparing these three Se sources, the results of the study clearly demonstrated that kids from goats receiving selenomethionine had higher whole-blood and serum-Se concentrations compared with kids from goats receiving sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles. There was a failure of nano-selenium to increase newborn Se concentrations as compared with control. Seleno-methionine had higher transplacental transfer of Se and also resulted in higher Se concentrations in colostrum. Goats supplemented with seleno-methionine had greater colostral Se concentrations than goats supplemented with sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles.

Boldenone undecylenate is an anabolic steroid that stimulates protein production. Boldenone injection can increase muscle size in lambs and reduce their nutritional needs and increase feed intake. Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in the muscles of tissues; furthermore, high levels of diet protein can increase the amino acid for the tissues and further synthesize the protein by the androgens. The aim of this study was to investigate the fattening performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Romanov-Moghani crossbred lambs influenced by boldenone undecylenate injection and level of dietary protein. Twenty male lambs were used in a randomized completely design with factorial arrangement (2×2) of the treatments. The main experimental effects were effect of boldenone undecylenate (no injection or injection of 5 mg/kg BW of boldenone) and effect of diet protein level (12 or 16 percent per DM of the diet). The experiment was continued for 75 days. Lambs were classified according to body weight and diets were fed to lambs twice a day at 9 a.m. and 17 p.m. In order to evaluate the performance, lambs were weighed every two weeks and daily weight gain was calculated by the subtraction. Feed intake was determined from the difference between the offered feed and the refusal. At the end of the experiment, all lambs were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics were measured. Blood sampling were taken monthly (two times) from jugular vein in two stages from all lambs three hours after morning meal and blood plasma was separated by centrifuging (3500 rpm for 10 min) and kept at -20 ° C till the analysis. Results showed that total average daily gain changed significantly by boldenone undecylenate injection (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio for total period and average total weight gain were not affected by increased dietary protein level. Total average daily gain and weight at the end of fattening period were not changed significantly by the dietary protein. Total dry matter intake (DMI) in Romanov-Moghani lambs was not affected by boldenone injection and levels of dietary protein. The carcass characteristics of lambs were not significantly affected by hormonal injection or dietary protein levels. The results showed that the effects of hormonal injection and dietary protein change were not significant on nutrients digestibility, except for crude protein digestibility (P<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen concentration was influenced by hormonal injections during the first month (hormone injection period) and injection of hormone caused a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05). Blood protein concentration increased significantly at the end of the first month (hormone injection period), (P<0.05). The serum protein level was affected by the interaction of hormone with protein (P<0.05). Diet protein has a significant effect on blood glucose concentration (P<0.05). Triglyceride and was significantly altered with hormonal injections in the first month (hormone injection period), (P<0.05). Based on the results, Administration of Boldenone undecylenate and the use of different level of dietary protein changes the protein base metabolism in the crossbred lambs and more energy is used to synthesize and storage protein in tissues.