javad yousefi

Considering the importance of the hotel industry within the tourism sector and the necessity of social responsibilities, this research aims to develop a social responsibility model tailored to Iran’s conditions, as no such model currently exists in the literature. This study employs a mixed-method approach within a survey research framework. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with managers of 4 and 5-star hotels in Tehran to gather insights on influential factors, strategies, and outcomes. These insights were categorized and codified into a model. In the quantitative phase, the model's components were assessed and validated for reliability and validity. The paths identified in the model were statistically examined, modified, and confirmed where necessary. The overall goodness of fit for the model was verified using the SRMR index. According to this model, social responsibility in the hotel industry is influenced by driving factors such as strategic commitment, stakeholder consideration, and moral commitment, which are themselves influenced by contextual conditions. Strategies to achieve social responsibility encompass various fields including human resources, marketing, communication, and green management. These strategies are affected by intervening conditions such as executive and managerial conditions, cultural conditions, media and communication conditions, and government facilitation. The outcomes of implementing social responsibility are seen in economic, social, environmental, and organizational sustainability. The contribution of this research lies in enhancing knowledge through the integration of factors influencing social responsibility, the strategies for its implementation, and the resultant outcomes into a coherent model, which has not been previously studied.

Satureja and Tarragon Extracts as natural preservative for mayonnaise sauce: physicochemical, microbial and sensory analysisAbstract mayonnaise sauce is oil in water emulsion that has numerous consumption. As there is no heating process during production of mayonnaise sauce, using preservatives is necessary. On the side of this, concern about chemical preservatives caused a development in formulation with natural preservatives. Traditional plants are one of the antimicrobial component sources that extraction and use of them in foods could be step for achieving above goal. The objective of this study was using natural preserving properties of Satureja and Tarragon extracts as substitute of chemical preservatives in mayonnaise sauce and investigating its changes. In this study, alcoholic method was used for extracting. After investigating antimicrobial effect of extracts in culture, selected extracts according with experimental design were added to mayonnaise. In order to determination of experimental treats, mixture design with 3 variables (chemical preservative, Satureja and Tarragon extract) was used. Combination of these variables led to an experimental design with 16 runs. Intended extracts were added to mayonnaise sauce formulation and physicochemical experiments such as pH, acidity, colorimetery and sensory evaluation were done. Also antimicrobial effect of extracts against important microorganisms in mayonnaise sauce (Lactobacillus, Salmonella and yeast and molds) was evaluated. Relation of each dependent variable with independent variables was showed via proper equation and their contour graph was drawn by design expert software. Results of antimicrobial test showed that using Satureja and Tarragon extracts decreased the population of yeast, Lactobacillus and Salmonella during 3 month of storage. In all samples, pH and acidity range was according to ISIRI standard of mayonnaise sauce. Colorimetric assay showed using Satureja and Tarragon increased a* and decreased L*. In terms of sensory evaluation, it was shown that samples containing Satureja and Tarragon extracts had lower score than sample containing chemical preservative. to determination of optimum formulation of mayonnaise sauce, range or goal of intended properties was specified and considering them, optimum formulation was presented by software. In this formulation, 18.88% chemical preservative (136.41ppm), 34.49 % Satureja extract (27595 ppm) and 47.31% Tarragon extract (37855 ppm) led to mayonnaise sauce formula with capability of using natural preservative and acceptable physicochemical and sensory characteristics.18.88% chemical preservative (136.41ppm), 34.49 % Satureja extract (27595 ppm) and 47.31% Tarragon extract (37855 ppm) led to mayonnaise sauce formula with capability of using natural preservative and acceptable physicochemical and sensory characteristics.Keywords:Satureja , Tarragon, mayonnaise sauce, antimicrobial, sensory evaluation

This study sought to identify and describe social communication methods used in terms of cultural signification by tourists and the host community in Chaharbagh Avenue, Isfahan, Iran. To this end, a qualitative approach was adopted, using the meaning coordination management model as the theoretical framework. The population of the study comprised the residents of Isfahan City, among whom thirty people were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. The required data were collected via participatory observation and semi-structured interviews, which were then analyzed through content analysis, and open and axial coding. The study’s findings indicated that while the majority of Isfahani people expressed a positive attitude concerning the presence of tourists and establishing communication with them in Chaharbagh Avenue, poor creative hardware and software infrastructure in street communication, lack of coordination among policymakers, planners, and operational units in establishing effective communication and failing to consider creativity in redefining the third generation tourism products have prevented the avenue to gain a desired position in terms of tourism success. However, it could generally be argued that the residents of Isfahan City (as the host community) had a favorable attitude towards making effective communications with tourists in Chaharbagh Avenue.

Today, in medical science, methods such as physical examination, head CT scan, head MRI, angiography, and taking pictures of the skull using X-rays are used to diagnose brain tumors. Nowadays, according to the technological progress, it is possible to send and record microwave waves at high frequencies. Today, in medical science, methods such as physical examination, head CT scan, head MRI, angiography, and taking pictures of the skull using X-rays are used to diagnose brain tumors. Nowadays, according to the technological progress, it is possible to send and record microwave waves at high frequencies.Therefore, microwave radar imaging as a new method can complement current methods and even replace X-ray imaging. In this treatise, three types of microwave imaging such as passive microwave imaging, combined microwave imaging and active microwave imaging have been introduced and then the radar microwave imaging method was discussed in detail. Finally, the new methods of microwave radar imaging for the diagnosis of brain tumors were described. The results have shown that the DMAS-D4 method has a higher resistance to noise and interferences compared to the DAS and DMAS methods.

In recent years, the importance of social responsibility in hotel industry has been considered by researchers and activists all over the world and several studies have been conducted on this subject. Although researchers have studied the dimensions and effects of social responsibility in various researches, but the factors originating the industry’s social responsibility have not been demonstrated in a model so far. In this study, we used a systematic review  in order to extract related researches from indexing databases.  Then, we went on to analyze data through open coding applying Maxqda software. In next step we used meta-synthesis approach to identify the causal, intervening and contextual conditions and strategies of implementing social responsibility in hotels, such as improving the level of employee responsibility, green marketing, green management, saving, social participation.. Beside these factors, improving stakeholder satisfaction, improving hotel performance and increasing the level of social welfare, branding and sustainability of the hotel were recognized as the consequences of implementing these strategies.

In this study, anticonvulsant activity of phenylacetanilides compounds was predicted using QSAR and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Variety kinds of molecular descriptors were computed using Dragon for 30 monosubstituted phenylacetanilides. Then, seven out of 1600 descriptors were selected and used in ANN analysis. The complete set of 30 compounds was randomly divided into a training set of 80%, a test set of 10%, and a validation set of 10% compounds. Moreover, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized to build a linear model by using the same descriptors and the results of this linear model were compared with the nonlinear ANN analysis. The obtained Correlation coefficient (R2) and mean squared error (MSE) of the ANN and MLR models (for the whole dataset) were 0.85, 0.06816; and 0.6, 0.09792, respectively. The higher R2 of ANN method revealed that the relationship between the descriptors and anticonvulsant activity of the compounds is non-linear.

Technological analysis is one of the methods of market analysis in which stock prices and stock volumes are used to predict future price movements. Oversight is a function of the price and volume of transactions that often fluctuate between two values, and in The case of buying and selling an asset is issued by signals. Time-based oscillators model the behavior of the price using the concept of wave and periodicity. The present study aims to evaluate the profitability of two oscillators based on time rotation, including simple harmonic oscillator and wave frequency oscillator in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2018. The result of the study shows that the two trading strategies are nearly equal in terms of the Sharp ratio, and both are nearly four times as efficient as the Sharp market. Also, the wave-wave oscillator-based strategy has higher efficiency and variance than the simple harmonic oscillator-based strategy and therefore has a more risky situation.

Tourism attractions are one of the most important elements of tourism planning and development in each region, so that the advancement of tourism and its dependent industries depends on attraction. Therefore, the study and evaluation of tourism attractions is essential for effective management of tourism industry in each region. Due to the importance of the subject, some of the most important historical attractions in the city of Birjand were evaluated by the importance - performance matrix. The survey is an applied research in terms of its purpose and it is a descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and method. The data gathering tool was a five-dimensional questionnaire. Population of the research is Tourists that visiting Birjand, among which 106 tourists were studied. Based on the results of tourists' points of view, among the 13 historical resource studied in Birjand, the attractions of “Hosseinye Nawab”, “Araste House, Masoumiyeh Mansion” and “Rahim Abad Mansion” respectively ranked From 1 to 3, and for the sake of performance, the three attractions of the " Araste House", "Shaukatabad Mansion", and "Hosseinye Navab" have created the most satisfaction of the tourists. The results of the importance -performance analysis showed that attraction such as "Rahim Abad Mansion", "Old Post", "Shoktiyeh School" and "Masoumiyeh Mansion" due to its high importance and poor performance should be given priority in the planning of tourism development And trusted government agencies must prioritize strategic and operational priorities in budgeting and allocating resources for these attractions. But about the attractions such as “Akbarieh Mansion”, the “Sharif's House”, the “Charderakht Mosque”, the “Kolah Farangi Citadel”, the “Baharestan Citadel” and the “Castle of Birjand”, whose importance is low, the best strategy recommended for decision makers is informing and advertising tourism attractions to introduce them for tourists and other peoples.

Nowadays, service quality plays an important role in the economies of the various countries. Tourism as a service has a significant effect on the economy of a region, so it should provide its services more qualify. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the satisfaction of tourists from the services. Measuring existing gap between the expectations and perceptions of tourists from the service is one of the ways to use. In order to increase the satisfaction of tourists in religious tourism destinations, the quality of tourism services should be desirable. Religious tourism is one of the most prolific forms of tourism in Iran and South Khorasan province. Specifically in the city of Birjand and some around countries there are holy shrines and places that attract religious tourists. So services in these destinations must be more desirable to satisfy tourist’s experience. In this research by an Important-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique, six factors of services in religious tourism destinations were evaluated by tourists. According to results, tourists that are reviewed were not satisfied in terms of facilities and amenities and the greatest gap between importance and performance as much as 1.69 was in this regard. About the geographical conditions and environmental order and hygiene factors identified that their importance and performance were higher than the mean. The gaps in the regulation and environmental health were 1.39 and 1.09 for geographical conditions. Transportation and cultural factors despite lower-than-average importance tourist’s points of view, destinations performance was higher than the average. Importance and performance of price and accessibility of goods and services for tourists is lower than the average assessed and the gap in this case is calculated as 1.26. So the most desirable indicators of religious tourism are cultural factors and transportation and then geographical conditions. Today, religious tourism, with its various components and varieties, has been able to accommodate itself in the context of the world's tourism, due to its structural and functional features, so that its sphere of influence is encompassed throughout the world. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze each aspect of religious tourism services to improve them for achieving destination competitive advantage.
Material and This research is a descriptive-analytical research that the method of data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire, and the Likert scale was used to measure the indicators used. In order to receive accurate and complete answers, 100 questionnaires were distributed, 4 of which were excluded due to defects. For data analysis, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method has been developed which is one of the most common tools used in tourism literature.
Discussion and Findings show that among the six environment sustainability components studied, religious tourism destinations in the city of Birjand are not desirable in terms of amenities, despite its very high importance for tourists and the greatest gap between importance and performance as much as 1.69 was in this regard. The gaps in the regulation and environmental health were 1.39 and 1.09 for geographical conditions. Transportation and cultural factors despite lower-than-average importance tourist’s points of view, destinations performance was higher than the average. In these cases the gaps results 0.93 and 0.65 respectively. Importance and performance of price and accessibility of goods and services for tourists is lower than the average assessed and the gap in this case is calculated as 1.26. Based on result, quality of tourism services at first requires precise and coherent planning to provide the infrastructure of the tourism, and then valuable goods and services for tourists. In this regard, it is recommended that the strategic investment priority of related organizations such as the Endowment and charity, Cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism, and the Way and urbanization of south Khorasan province should be focus on these issues to enhance the satisfaction and welfare of the tourists and the host community. So that achieving tourism development will be facilitated for destinations.

Most important risky behaviors of health is inadequate diet, physical inactivity and smoking. The aim of this case control study was survey of relation between lifestyle of hypertension patients and some risky behaviors in patients referred to health centers of Ilam province.
In this case control study 200 hypertension patients and 200 people as a control group referred to the health centers of Ilam province selected by simple random sampling. Both groups completed the HPLP2 questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and mann Whitney and cross kalwalis test.
In relation to smoking, 10/9% of cases and 25/5% of the control group were smoking cigarettes or hookah. About oil consumption in food in control group 15/1% tend to eat low-fat foods, 53/6% moderate and 12.30% of fatty foods that the number of cases were 27/9%, 41/8% and 30/2 respectively. The mood of 46/4% of control groups was calm, 44/3%, sometimes angry and 9/4% very angry, this percent for case group was 39/9%, 44/7% and 13/9%, respectively.
According to the results and higher rates of smoking and high fat and salty food in control group compared to the case group, its seems this deferent related to the educational program for case group about dangers of smoking and high-fat diet and salt food. Therefore it is necessary to have educational intervention for other people.

Today, rural development faces many issues and challenges, because past strategies in rural development were not successful. Therefore in recent years, theory makers and policymakers proposed tourism development as a proper strategy to reduce problems faced rural areas. One approach which is most considered in the world is developing tourism in rural areas. Religious tourism is a kind of tourism that can have an effective role in developing rural areas. Proper planning for tourism development and identifying advantages and limitations of this development can be effective in developing of regional and national zones and also growing of economic diversity. There are some number of Shrines, holy Tombs and religious centers which have a very high capacity in Southern Khorasan province. Therefore by implementing correct policies and creating tourism infrastructure we can see religious and pilgrimage tourism development that could be caused rural development. So the main objective of this research is investigating the importance of religious tourism and increases its benefits in social development (employment, decreasing migration, and increasing welfare services and amenities) of rural areas. The method of this research is practical and descriptive – analytic. Data collection from 360 persons in target villages was done by considering the rural population in each area. Then we test correlation between three factors that cause social development in rural areas, and tourism by Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Findings show that although there is a correlation between tourism and rural development but correlations between the three factors and tourism are not significant.

Composting is one of the best methods for solid wastes disposal, therefore, some efforts seem to be essential for improving its process and its products quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sawdust admixture on composting process of municipal waste and some physicochemical parameters of compost such as temperature, pH, EC, heavy metals concentration and nutrient content.

4 piles were prepared and different amounts of sawdust were added (0, 16, 3 and 70%). Every day the temperature was measured within each pile; pH and EC were measured weekly; and heavy metals andnutrient content were measured in final products.

The pile without sawdust showed fluctuation in thermophilic temperature, and the gradual decrease in temperature was started on day 33, whereas this decrease was started on day 18 for 16 and 32% treatments. The pH value was shown to increase on day 21 and then slightly decreased to end of process. The pH value in final product was maximum in 0% treatment (8.1) and it was minimum in 70% treatment 7.73). The EC value showed a slight increase in all treatments during the composting process. Treatments with sawdust showed a low EC value in final products. 0% treatment gave a maximum amount (4.884) of EC and 32% treatment gave a minimum amount (4.235) of EC. The concentration of heavy metals and nutrients, except for Na and K, decreased with sawdust admixture. This was due to dilution effect of sawdust because of low metal content. Na concentration increased with sawdust admixture due to high content of Na in sawdust and used water.

Temperature fluctuation was controlled in composting piles and thermophilic temperature was preserved in active composting phase with sawdust admixture. Also compost quality was improved and heavy metals content decreased; therefore, the negative effects of compost on human health decreased with addition of sawdust

The present investigation aims to address the problem of inadequate coverage of various aspects of organizational performance by balanced scorecard (BSC) model through its developing based on the European foundation for quality management (EFQM) model. To this end، a developed BSC model، encompassing variables of stakeholders، resource effectiveness، processes effectiveness، human resource management effectiveness، leadership method، strategy and performance was proposed and، then، validated in a new structural model. The findings firstly revealed an appropriate fitness of the proposed model. Regarding the relationship among variables، staff management effectiveness، resource effectiveness، leadership method and processes effectiveness، respectively، held the most “direct impacts” on the organizational performance. On the other hand، “summated impacts” (direct and indirect) on the organizational performance were held by leadership method، staff management effectiveness، resource effectiveness and stakeholders variables، respectively. Managers can apply the model suggested in the investigation to measure performance in the respective organizations and as a weighting criteria guide on how to accurately measure different dimensions of performance.

Abstract Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in a large number of old people that can cause pain and disability. Intra-articular injection is one of the recommended procedures to reduce this pain. In this issue some disagreements about analgesic effect of marcaine's (a trade name for bupivacaine) intra-articular injection for post operation pain due to knee surgeries has been seen. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 22 patients with osteoarthritis were involved. Those have been electively referred to orthopedic and pain clinic of Zahedanskhatam-alanbia hospital between 2010 and 2011. One of the patient's knees randomly considered as case knee and another knee as control. Before any intervention each knee's pain was measured from 1 to 10 by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and has been recorded. Then 4ml of 0.5% marcaine injected in case knee and 4ml saline injected in control. After 5 minutes, without removing the needle from the joint, synovial fluid aspirated, and aspiration pain measured with the same NRS scale. Afterward 40mg methylprednisolone was injected in both knees. Then pain separately measured in 1, 6, and 24 hours and finally one week after aspiration. Data were recorded and processed by SPSS software, version 18. Moreover, the paired test and Anova test were used for data analysis. In this study 22 patient, 12 female (54.5%) and 10 men (45.5%) were attended. The age average was 55.09 years and they were between 38 and 72 years old. Comparisons showed significant differences between case and control group in pain (P<0.001). Intra articular injections of marcaine can significantly relieves the pain after knee joint aspiration in patients with osteoarthritis, and it can be useful in this category.

In Zahedan, about 0.8 ton sawdust generates in each day. This sawdust is landfilled despite their good effects on composting process. The aim of the present study was to reuse these serviceable wastes for improving C/N ratio, preventing nitrogen loss from the piles and investigating the effect of sawdust on moisture content of composting piles. Four composting piles were prepared with 0% (blank), 16%, 32% and 70% sawdust admixture. Once sampling was done in each week and samples were analyzed for the C/N ratio, moisture, nitrogen and carbon content. The percent of decrease in moisture content was 33% in blank treatment, whereas this decrease was 15, 15 and 10% for 16, 32 and 70% respectively. Loss of moisture was decreased with sawdust addition and this is very important for arid and hot area because of water sources shortage. The optimum C/N ratio was observed in 16% treatment and loss of nitrogen was decreased with sawdust addition. The percent of decrease in nitrogen content was 30, 7, 7 and 15% for blank, 16, 32 and 70% respectively. The maximum amount of nitrogen in final piles was observed in 16% treatment. Based on experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that sawdust caused water and nitrogen preservation in composting piles and it also improved undesirable and low initial C/N ratio. 16% treatment was shown more desirable effects on composting process and compost quality among other experimental treatments.

Biosorption is a novel technology that uses dead and inactive biomass for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Some parameters such as temperature, contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, biosorbent dose and also agitating speed of solution and biosorbent mixing can affect the amount of metal sorption by biosorbent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatments of temperatures (25, 35, 45 and 55oC) on biosorption of metals mixture in order to determine optimal temperature for more metals removal from aqueous solution. This study uses dead and pretreated biomass of Aspergillus niger with 0.5N NaOH for removal of Zn(II), Co(II) and Cd(II). In all temperature treatments and in the case of all of heavy metals, maximum amount of metal sorption and concentration decrease was occurred in first 5 minutes and achieved to equilibrium after 20 minute. The percent of metals sorption show growth trend with temperature increase. Between 4 experimental treatments, 55oC treatment was shown maximum sorption and 25oC was shown minimum sorption amount. The percent of Cr(II) sorption was increase from 28.5% in 25oC to 44.7% in 55oC. Also, this increase was from 40% to 58% for Cd(II) and from 37.7% to 65.6% for Zn(II). About 60% of increase in sorption by A. niger was due to increase in temperature. Therefore the amount of metals sorption can be increase, only with temperature increase and without any biomass addition.

Quality of service is one of the most important issues for competing service companies, and consequently using a method for service quality mesurment is of great significance. Although there is no consensus on the most appropriate method for this measurement, in this study, according to the literature review findings, using the SERVQUAL model for comparing hotel guest’s expectations and perceptions was preferred. Therefore, our focus in this article is on the different dimensions of service quality in SERVQUAL model, and SPSS 16 was employed to analyze these dimensions of our case study. The findings of the research are classified into two parts: the first part contains some information about demographical attributions of the respondents. The second part, are the hypothesis tests demonstrating that the perceived quality of service in Mashhad’s Homa II hotel is higher than expectations of Iranian guests.