mahdi safari

The mission of universities is to respond to the needs and expectations of the society and their students. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with educational and research processes in students of Saveh University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). 

This descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted on 80 SUMS students in the academic year 2022-2023. A researcher-made questionnaire with 71 items and 9 domains was used to measure student satisfaction with various aspects of educational services. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The significant level was set at 0.05 for all tests.

The mean age of the students was 21.28±3.12 years. Among participants, 64% (n=73) were female. The duration of study at the university for 34.2% of the studied students was less than one year; for 28.1%, 1-3 years, and for the rest was more than 3 years (37.7%). Overall satisfaction with educational processes in all areas was at a high level, except for “practical and experimental courses”, “student evaluation”, and “research workshops”. The Mann-Whitney U test results showed a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with the services provided by the Office of Academic Affairs process based on gender (P=0.038). The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with “counseling and guidance of advisors” (P=0.04), “student evaluation” (P=0.009), “library” (P=0.001), and “internship and apprenticeship” (P=0.003) based on the fields of study.

The “student evaluation”, “practical and experimental courses”, “internship and apprenticeship” and “research workshops” at SUMS need to be improved.

Hekmar, a good city is a new method of urban management in which, through the improvement of several factors, it can include sustainable economic development and high quality of life. On the other hand, one of the concerns of managers and urban planners in The big cities of the country, including the city of Mashhad, which needs planning to solve it, are dilapidated urban tissues. Now it is necessary to see how good urban governance can take steps to achieve the organization of dilapidated urban tissues. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the status of good urban governance indicators in the dilapidated context of Mashhad city from the citizens' point of view and to identify the status of good urban governance indicators in each of the dilapidated context areas. The research method in this research is based on descriptive-analytical method. And the required information has been collected from two documentary and field methods (questionnaire). And it has been analyzed using Spss software and t-test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. The statistical population of this research is about 519,924 people based on the census of 1395, and using the Cochran sampling method, the sample size is 384. has been The results of the t-test show that the indicators of good governance in Mashhad are not in a favorable state. The results of the analysis of variance show that among the areas of worn-out fabric in Mashhad, areas 6 and 10 are in the worst condition with an average of 1.92 and 2.04, respectively. At the end, according to the results of the research, there are suggestions to improve the condition of these indicators. It is presented in the worn context of Mashhad city.

One of the necessary measures of saving human life in emergency situations, such as fires, is the safe and swift evacuation of people. The prerequisites for this are to anticipate, identify, and eliminate factors preventing people from leaving buildings in a timely and safe manner while moving them to a safe place [1]. The occurrence of errors caused by engineering, design, human, and psychological factors can aggravate unfavorable and unsafe situations in cases of emergency. Besides, upon the occurrence of accidents, they pave the way for irreparably severe human and financial damage. Therefore, the study of the failures or errors affecting performance and the management of emergency evacuations can be effective in identifying factors affecting human emergency evacuations and improving them in fire incidents. Against this background, this article aims to draw the attention of researchers to effective errors in emergency evacuations, which increase the potentials for adverse consequences of fire incidents. Identification of these factors can lead to the improvement and development of future studies, design and construction of buildings, and promotion of human health and safety. In the following sections, these errors are introduced and classified into three categories of design, human, and psychological errors. Design errors are the errors rooted in environmental factors and infrastructure design. A study conducted at a public hospital in Indonesia showed that the lack of emergency lighting in corridors, stairs, ramps, as well as the low number of fire detectors in inpatient rooms disturbed the evacuation process and elongated the evacuation time [2]. Another study conducted on subway stations showed that structural design features, emergency evacuation facilities, as well as time and characteristics of emergencies, such as fires, were the most important environmental factors affecting safe evacuation. Therefore, forecasting and paying attention to the number of users, width and length of routes, the number of exits, width of corridors, and bottlenecks are very effective in performing optimal evacuation [3]. In addition to the factors mentioned above, it is pretty important to design equipment and resources needed for emergency evacuation. To avoid physical collisions and falls among people, it is recommended to enlarge the size of emergency exit signs. Emergency exit signs play an important role in ensuring safety of buildings against fires. Besides, they help evacuees escape fire faster by following quickest and safest escape routes after a fire is detected. A study conducted on 138 subjects showed that environmental factors affected the speed of people evacuation. In addition, the speed of people evacuation increased with increasing brightness. However, the average evacuation speed improved more with increasing the exit sign size than when brightness increased, which decreased physical contact among people [4].  There are other challenges to the safe emergency evacuation process in high-rise buildings. Accordingly, human fatigue when moving to lower floors and some residents’ inability to move are two of these challenges. In the 11 September accident, several people were rescued from the World Trade Center, who reported they had to stop and rest on several floors when descending stairs. Therefore, to improve the evacuation process in high-rise buildings, it is necessary to use evacuation elevators in addition to evacuation stairs, to be simulated in related studies. Traditionally, evacuation elevators have not been used as evacuation routes, and people have been instructed not to use elevators in case of fires. However, if people exit from high-rise buildings through stairs, it will lead to their fatigue and slowness of exit. On the other hand, with the increase in the breathing activity, the amount of smoke inhaled into the lungs increases, thereby causing people to get trapped between floors. Accordingly, the use of evacuation elevators with appropriate ventilation can be investigated in high-rise buildings. In addition, virtual reality simulation (the equipment used for human immersion in virtual reality to study human behavior) shows that the waiting time of less than 5 minutes is acceptable and safe for people evacuation. Moreover, this type of simulation that uses a simple navigation system with green flashing lights guides people in finding and choosing the elevator as an evacuation emergency rout. However, the waiting time for the elevator to arrive and getting stuck in the elevator are the two main perceived risks posed to people [6]. Human errors are another category of errors affecting safe evacuation of humans in emergencies during a fire [5].  These errors are diverse, with the identification of which increasing reliability of the equipment effective in the emergency evacuation process. Some of these errors include not reacting to warnings quickly and correctly as well as displaying unsafe behaviors, such as staying in the danger zone and taking photos and videos at the time of the accident. It is worth noting that excessive fear as well as feeling despair about being rescued cause cognitive errors in people, being a type of human error effective in finding and choosing the correct evacuation route [5]. Recent studies show that a well-designed and relatively simple navigation system, such as placing a green flashing light next to an emergency exit sign, is significantly effective in correctly choosing exit routes in humans [6]. In this article, psychological errors are the third category of the factors affecting the safe evacuation of people. Psychological characteristics affect how information is processed, including recognizing, understanding, and evaluating warning messages. Psychological errors, under conditions of uncertainty, have a significant impact on people’s decision-making, behavior, and reaction. Therefore, evaluating individual and social human behaviors at the times of crisis and emergency can be effective in the safe operation of emergency evacuation. A phenomenon named "population pursuit" is one of the most common psychological errors in some emergencies. This type of error usually occurs to people unfamiliar with the location. In such situations, people unfamiliar with the environment tend to follow the collective behavior of chasing the fleeing population; accordingly, they follow the fleeing population without recognizing and evaluating warning messages, which is always a successful evacuation method. In some research, it has been reported as an unsafe method [5]. Another common psychological error occurs to people unfamiliar with the scene. Due to the fact that emergencies affect people's decisions, behavior, and reactions, in emergencies such as fires, people unfamiliar with the location of the building cannot make complex decisions. Thus, they try to take the same exit, being the same psychological error that in some cases victimizes prisoners. Accordingly, it is necessary to raise people's awareness to reduce such errors and control adverse consequences [7]. This article enumerates common mistakes in the safe evacuation of people in fires. In addition, it mentions the successful and safe design and implementation of the emergency evacuation process as part of the emergency response plan. It is recommended to conduct further studies on errors occurring in the emergency evacuation process.

Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water sources has always been regarded as a precursor for the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and carcinogenic properties. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a nanohybrid ultrafiltration membrane (PSF/ZnO) to evaluate its efficiency in NOM removal from water.

Nanohybrid membranes with ratios of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% w/w of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using the phase inversion method and characterized by the contact angle, AFM, FTIR, and SEM analyses. In this study, the effects of initial humic acid (HA) concentration, operating pressure, pH, and filtration time were examined on the HA removal efficiency and pure water flux through the membrane.

The results showed that addition of the ZnO NPs to the PSF membrane reduced the contact angle on the PSF/ZnO nanohybrid membrane’s surface. According to FE-SEM images, increasing the ZnO concentration changed the porous structure of the membranes from a spongy, teardrop shape to a finger-like channel structure. The FTIR analysis revealed an increase in the hydrophilicity of the membrane due to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups in ZnO. AFM images indicated an increase in the surface roughness of nanoparticle-containing membranes. It was found that an increase in the concentration of the ZnO NPs (0-4% w/w) increased HA removal efficiency (43.63-83.4%).

This study demonstrated that the use of the PSF/ZnO nanohybrid membranes increased HA removal efficiency and pure water flux passing through the membrane.

The separation of geochemical anomalies from the background plays a pivotal role in geochemical exploration. Fractal and multifractal modeling of geochemical data has been recently used by numerous geoscientists. Three fractal methods were used to identify elemental geochemical anomalies in a case study from the east of the Qhaen region, southern Khorasan Province, East of Iran. These methods include concentration–area (C–A), concentration–perimeter (C–P), and concentration –number (C-N) methods. Copper mineralization occurs as vein and veinlet. Based on the analysis of heavy mineral samples, Cu contents are also observed in the southeastern, northern, and eastern parts of the Qhaen ore district, which are consistent with the results of the C–A fractal model and are genetically correlated with the andesitic unit. Indeed, after fieldwork and comparing the types of fractal models calculated, it can be concluded that the results obtained from the concentration-area method in this area were more efficient than other methods and are closer to reality.

Lighting affects humans in many ways, including intelligence, body temperature, and sleep patterns. This study aimed to evaluate lighting satisfaction, mental task load, visual fatigue, and sleep quality in students. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 students of Saveh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran, in 2020. The data of their levels of lighting satisfaction, mental task level, visual fatigue, and sleep quality were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS Software version 21. The quantitative variables were reported in mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables in frequency and percentage. A chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. In addition, the independent t-test was applied to compare the sleepiness score according to the relevant variables and the Pearson correlation test was utilized to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and sleep quality scores. The significance level was less than 0.05 for all statistical tests. The results indicated that the students’ satisfaction scores with current lighting were indifference. Visual fatigue was low, and sleepiness was mild. The students' subjective task load and sleep quality were moderate and low. There was a significant inverse relationship between visual fatigue and lighting satisfaction (P < 0.001). In addition, visual fatigue and task load had a significant direct relationship (P < 0.001). The average number of hours of sleep per night was 6.72 hours for students, which was less than the normal recommended amount. The average sleep quality was 11.06, which was low in the population. According to the results, the students’ mental task load and sleep quality were medium and low. It seems necessary to pause and rest between training, increase the variety of educational activities, appropriate training, and lighting intervention.

For nearly two years, the world has been facing a common crisis as Covid-19. In the meantime, governments have suffered a wide variety of damages and costs, and damage to human capital and the loss of health professionals is one of the irreparable costs of health systems in all governments. During this crisis, health care systems and specialists were exposed to special occupational hazards over specific periods of time, and the exposure of the medical staff to these hazards in hospitals led to a number of opportunistic incidents. Investigation of opportunistic incidents can help identify the sources of occupational hazards of medical staff and lead to proper management of risks associated with these accidents. This article aims to draw researchers' attention to opportunistic incidents during the Covid 19 pandemic as a global crisis in hospitals.

Magnesium-based nanocomposites are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and medical industries. Due to the special properties of boron nitride nanotubes, these nanotubes play an important role in strengthening nanocomposites. In this research, magnesium nanocomposites are reinforced by boron nitride nanotubes and the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites under uniaxial tensile loading in the axial direction of the nanotubes have been investigated by the molecular dynamics method by Lammps software. Also, the coefficients of the atomic potential function of magnesium atoms have been calculated using the law of composition and the data extracted by Gaussian software. The results of molecular dynamics simulations show the improvement of mechanical properties of magnesium-based metal nanocomposites due to the addition of boron nitride nanotubes. The presence of boron nitride (0,12), (0,14), (0,16) and (0,18) nanotube reinforcers as magnesium field reinforcers increased the elastic modulus by 13, 14.9, 16.2 and 17 percent. Other results of this study indicate that the elastic behavior of nanocomposites is independent of strain rate changes. Also, by performing this simulation over a wide range of temperatures, obvious changes in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite at different temperatures have been obtained.

In this article, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is utilized to model the effect of important parameters in the cortical bone milling process including the rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and tool diameter to predict the cutting forces. To model the process force behavior, experimental tests are conducted on the fresh cow femur. Next, the results of performed experiments are used to train and test the inference system. In this model, the most influential parameters of automatic cortical bone milling process including the rotational speed, feed rate, tool diameter and depth of cut are taken as the input parameters, while the cutting forces in the feed direction, normal to the feed direction and normal to the bone surface as well as the resultant force are considered as the output. To this aim, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system relies on 75% of the trained laboratory data and the remaining 25% to test the model validation. The accuracy of the obtained model is investigated using different diagrams and numerous statistical criteria. The results indicate that the adaptive neuro-fuzzy network has shown a successful performance in predicting the cutting forces of cortical bone milling process.

Student satisfaction as the main pillars of the university has increased efficiency and should be at the top of educational planning. Student satisfaction indicates that all educational areas are effective scientifically and practically and refers to a set of consistent and incompatible feelings towards the field of study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate student's satisfaction with their Field of Study in 2019-2020 in Saveh University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive and analytical study performed among students of different fields of medical sciences in Saveh University of Medical Sciences. Students are selected through stratified random sampling from all fields of study and entrance examinations. Data are collected through a research made questionnaire that was designed by some researchers and confirmed by its validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, mode, etc.) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t-test) were used for data analysis.

The mean score of satisfaction with the field of study was 57.1 and was average. There was a positive relationship between students' academic satisfaction and their degree (P = 0.012).

Considering the results, attention was given to the advisor support at the universities, the locations and the numbers of students in the academic field and in the recruitment process. It is important for students to be mentored and for families to engage and interact with the educational system in universities.

High concentration of inhalable airborne particles can increase the risk of lung disease in exposed people. This study aimed to determine the respirable particulate matter (PM5) concentration in traditional bakeries of Saveh in 2020.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 25 bakeries where the samples were collected by cyclone and teflon filter equipped by air sampling pump. Later, the respirable particulate matter concentration was measured using gravimetric method. The collected PM5 was scanned using a FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with regard to flour dust. In addition, size and shape of the collected PM5 were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Findings showed that the Lavash bakery had the highest PM5 concentration (9.15 mg/m3) in comparison with two other bakeries (Sangak and Barbari). However, an inverse relationship was observed between RH and particle concentration. In addition, the results demonstrated that increasing RH decreased the particle concentration, but the relationship was not significant(P = 0.052, Spearmanchr('39')s rho = -0.393). Furthermore, Lavash bakery had the lowest average size of PM5 (0.63 ± 0.32 μm). However, the FTIR scans confirmed that the flour dust had the predominant amount of PM5.

Based on the findings, the density of respirable PM5 has a high level in Saveh bakeries and workers  are exposed to high levels of PM.

High concentrations of respirable airborne particles can increase the risk of lung disease and consequent deaths in people exposed to it. The purpose of this study was to determine the respirable particulate matter (PM) concentration in bakeries in Saveh.

This study done as a cross-sectional descriptive study. 25 air samples were collected by means of cyclone and paper filter equipped by air sampling pump. The respirable particulate matter concertation was measured by gravimetric method. The obtained data managed by SPSS 16 software and analyzed using suitable statistics tests (mean±Stdv., regression etc.,)..

The results show Lavash bakery has the highest PM concentration (9.15 mg/m3) in comparison with two others (Sangak and Barbari).

This study revealed the density of respirable PM had high level and the workers in Saveh bakeries are exposed to a dangerous level of PM, and inhale a high level of PM in all bakeries in Saveh.

Malachite green (MG) is an organic compound which his used as a dye in textile industry. This compound is applied incorrectly and illegally in aquiculture as an antimicrobial agent. This compound has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.

In this study we determined the concentrations of MG and leucomalachite green (LMG) in the muscle tissue of 90 rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected from the local markets in Sanandaj City within a period of six months in 2018. In order to measure the residues of MG and LMG, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC.

The results showed presence of MG and LMG in all 90 samples: The residues of MG in the samples were as follows: 1-2 μg/Kg in 41 (6.45%), more than 2 μg/Kg in 45 (50%) and less than 1 μg/Kg in 4 samples (4.4%). Furthermore, the residues of LMG in the samples were as follows: more than 2 μg/Kg in 13 (45.14%), 1-2 μg/Kg in 67 (44.74%) and less than 1 μg/Kg in 10 samples (11.11%).  Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) in the method was 0.43 μg/Kg.

 It is concluded that MG is illegally applied in fish farms, which can be a threat to human health and the environment.

Lighting, as an effective physical parameter, has a significant impact on the performance of employees. Lighting of faculty, a place where students, officers, and teachers stay a long time, has the most importance. The lighting illumination, hence, should be standard to make them less tired. This study, in this vein, aimed the evaluation and measurement of lighting intensity in the school of nursing and midwifery, Saveh University of medical sciences in 2020.

This study, as a cross-sectional study, was carried out over one month in classrooms, official rooms, teacher’s rest rooms, laboratories, staircases, and studying halls.  IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) guideline used to measure the illumination intensity. After that, the collected data is managed by SPSS 21 and then presented by using suitable descriptive indices.

Based on our results, the illumination intensity for 57% of classrooms and all other places were in accordance with an acceptable range.

As the obtained results show, inappropriate lighting was only for classrooms which needs to be corrected by a suitable intervention. Generally, inappropriate lighting and using excessive un-natural light may result in visual tiredness during daily work.

Dyes are considered to be important pollutants in different industries (e.g., textile) and contain various organic materials with complicated structures. These compounds are mainly carcinogenic and toxic and less biodegradable when discharged into the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the performance of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by chitosan and EDTA in the removal of Direct Blue 15 dye from aqueous solutions. MWCNT was synthesized and characterized using the BET, zeta potential, DLS, SEM, and FTIR techniques. The effects of key parameters including pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time were also evaluated. The experimental data of the adsorption process were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. With the increased contact time, the removal efficiency of the dye improved, while the increased pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose led to the reduced dye removal efficiency. With the optimum values of pH (=7), contact time (60 min), adsorbent dose (0.5 g/L), and initial dye concentration (60 mg/L), the maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 114.42 mg/g. According to the results, the adsorption process using the modified MWCNT followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics.

Numerous heavy metals such ascadmium and nickel are toxic present in industrial wastewater and could cause severe damage to living organisms. These compounds are considered to be common contaminants, which are discharged into water resources and cause major environmental problems. Due to the excessive toxicity of heavy metals even at low concentrations, they also threaten human health. Therefore, it is essential to remove these elements from wastewater before discharge into the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the adsorption of cadmium and nickel from aqueous solutions using poly (propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer, as well as the influential factors such as pH, PPI dosage, and the initial concentration of cadmium and nickel using a batch model. To assess the mechanism of adsorption and calculate the maximum adsorption values, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used. The findings indicated that increased pH and adsorbent dosage improved the removal efficiency. In contrast, increased heavy metal ion concentrations decreased the adsorption. According to the dynamic light scattering analysis, the mean diameter of the PPI dendrimer was 1-10 nm, and the maximum adsorption of both heavy metal ions occurred at the pH of seven. In addition, the maximum uptake of cadmium and nickel was attained with the adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g/l. The maximum removal capacities of the PPI dendrimer for nickel and cadmium were estimated at 1,428 and 1,225 mg/g, respectively.

Metallic bellows have many applications in various industries such as oil and gas industries. In recent decades, various processes such as mechanical and hydroforming methods for production of bellows have been proposed. Hydroforming process is one of the best methods for manufacturing of metallic bellows with expected characteristics. In this paper, hydroforming process of metallic bellows for AISI 304 stainless steel has been investigated experimentally and numerically. For this purpose, effects of some process parameters such as internal pressure, die stroke, radius of die corner, friction coefficient, thickness and length of tube on metallic bellows formability has been studied. The results show that with an increase in the internal pressure and also die stroke length, the height of convolution is increased and the thickness of outer diameter of bellows is decreased. In addition, the other numerical investigations show that by reducing in the friction coefficient and also initial thickness and length of tube, convolution height is increased and the thickness of a point positioned on convolution crown is decreased. It should be noted that a good agreement between the results of experimental work and numerical simulations were obtained that show a good precision in the performed numerical simulations.

Humic acid (HA) is produced by the decomposition of plant and animal debris in surface water. The presence of HA in the water disinfection process is considered as the main precursor for disinfection by-products. The present study aim was to evaluate photo catalyst degradation of HA, using MnFeN-tridoped TiO2 nanoparticles. The study was conducted in a lab-scale batch photo-catalytic reactor using the interval experimental method. MnFeN-tridopedTiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterization of nanoparticles was determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. The effect of different parameters such as pH (3-11), catalyst dose (0.5-2.5gr coating on glass bed), initial HA (2-50mg/l) on the degradation efficiency of HA were investigated. Also photo catalyst degradation of HA by TiO2، N-dopedTiO2 و FeN-codopedTiO2 nanoparticles was studied in optimal conditions. The results showed that efficiency of photo catalytic degradation of HA in optimum conditions (pH=3, nanoparticle dose of 1.5 gr and the concentration of HA 10 mg) were 86.72%.and 63.05% under ultraviolet and visible light, respectively. The results showed that photo catalytic degradation of HA using MnFeN-tridopedTiO2, increased with increasing catalyst dose and decreased with increasing initial concentration of pollutant and pH. Also the results showed photo catalytic activity of doped TiO2 is higher compared to pure TiO2.

Dyes are an important class of pollutants which when discharged into water resources can be toxic to the aquatic environment and cause serious problems for public health. Various treatment technologies such as adsorption are in use. For this reason, clinoptilolite was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove color from aqueous solution. Clinoptilolite was modified with sulfuric and phosphoric acids in order to adsorp aqueous direct red 23. The batch adsorption experiments used dye concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were used to determine properties of clinoptilolite. To evaluate the experimental data, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied. The results showed that experimental data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95–0.99. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The adsorption results showed that acid-modified clinoptilolite with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0009 mmol/g was a superior adsorbent compared with unmodified clinoptilolite, according to Langmuir equation. It caused adsorption efficiency in terms of Si/Al ratio 7.5 after 200 min of contact of between 31% to 60%. According to the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model, mean free energy of adsorption (8.2–8.9 kJ/ mol) means that adsorption might follow a weak chemisorption mechanism. We conclude that adsorbing properties of clinoptilolite, a cheap and abundant adsorbent, can be improved and used for removing dyes from wastewater.

Whenever natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, or human-made disasters such as war or terrorist attacks occur, the importance of field hospitals become prominent. The aim of this study is to determine the structural and architectural requirements for the construction of Fix and mobile field hospitals according to passive defense during the crisis from the Experts point of view.
This is an analytical cross-sectional study with the aim of determining the appropriate structural and architectural requirements of field hospitals considering passive defense in crisis situations. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and Delphi technique is used. A researcher-made questionnaire was prepared in the field of engineering (civil engineering and architecture) (containing 53 questions) which are completed by relevant experts. The data analyzed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, middle) and Kruskal Wallis / Mann-Whitney tests are performed. 0.05 was considered as level of significance.
In order to verify the reliability, using 20 questionnaires that were filled in pilots, Cronbach's alpha coefficients was 0.81. Based on the results, the maximum and a minimum number of participants were in groups 25-35 and 25-20 years (29.73% and 16.21% respectively), and the majority of participants (85.13%) Were male.The percentage of people with bachelor, MSC, and Ph.D. were 24.22%, 63.5%, and 12.16% respectively and 84.95% had an experience crisis attendance. There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics (sex, age ...) and their attitude (p The results of this study showed that, the correct placement of field hospitals (4.59 out of 5), locating and accessory (4.3 out of 5), the use of concrete buried structures in soil (4.27 out of 5) and equipping Hospitals with protective filters against the attacks (4.5 out of 5) are the most important ones to be considered. In general, the results of this study showed that engineering requirement mixed with managerial and military considerations and it is unique for every location and Emergencies.

Humic substances are considered as one of the major natural organic contaminants in water resources. Presence of such substances in the drinking water supply resources results in poor water quality and jeopardizes the consumer’s health. In the present study, sonocatalytic decomposition of the humic substances by using MgO nanoparticles was investigated under the radiation of the ultrasonic waves. Accordingly, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to determine characteristics of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters, including the amount of nanoparticles, initial pH, initial concentration of humic substances, contact time, as well as the power and frequency of ultrasonic waves on the efficiency of the sonocatalytic decomposition of humic substances were investigated. Results of the present study showed that the efficiency of sonocatalytic decomposition of humic substances was reduced by increasing the initial pH and initial concentration of the humic substances; while, the increased amount of the nanocatalyst resulted in the increased efficiency of decomposition. Furthermore, the obtained results indicated that the MgO sonocatalytic process could decompose the humic substances with the efficiency of 78.5% under optimal conditions (pH:7, initial concentration of humic substances: 20 mg/L, concentration of nanoparticles:1 g/L, power: 100%, frequency: 37 kHz and contact time:120 min). Based on the obtained results, the sonocatalytic method using MgO can remove humic substances and other similar organic matters from the aquatic environments with a high efficiency.

Air pollution is a major environmental issue in the world that can be harmful for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the health impacts of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10) in Ilam in 2013 and 2014. The air pollution data were obtained from the Ilam Department of Environmental Protection. The data were analyzed by Excel software, and the annual mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM10 exposure were estimated by AirQ software.According to the results, the average of annual, winter, and summer PM10 concentration was 68.1, 46.7, and 89.3 μg/m3, respectively, in 2013. In 2014, the average annual, winter, and summer PM10 concentrations were 51.4, 40.3, and 62.6μg/m3, respectively. The total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in 2013 were estimated at 89, 47, 9, 46, and 119 cases, respectively, and in 2014 they were estimated at 64, 33, 6, 33 and 85 cases, respectively. The results revealed that 9.6% of total mortality in 2013 and 5.8% total mortality in 2014 were associated with concentrations of more than 20 μg/m3 PM10 concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that exposure to PM10 can increase morbidity and mortality. Thus, urgent and substantial actions to deal with the adverse effects of particulate matters are found to be necessary.

According to psychological theories, managers’ behavior is influenced by some specific characteristics, among which religion is of great importance. The results of recent research indicate that managers’ religion can mitigate their opportunistic behaviors in hiding corporate bad news, and thus reduce stock price cash risk. Following this argument, therefore, the current study employs structural equation modeling method to investigate the association between the level of managers’ religion and stock price crash risk. To do so, the negative skewness of stock return was used to measure stock price crash risk, and to measure the level of religion, the questionnaire designed by Khodayarifard et al (2010) was employed. The questionnaire was sent to 124 firms, among which 91 firms responded and thus considered in the statistics analyses. After verifying the good-fitness of the measurement and structural models, the findings revealed that managers’ religion level prevent them from hiding corporate bad news, thereby reducing stock price crash risk. Additionally, consistent with the predictions made by replacement theory, the results indicate that corporate governance weakens the negative relation between religion and corporate stock price crash risk.

Humic substances (HSs) are very complex and heterogeneous organic matter with high molecular weight and various functional groups, which are produced from the chemical and biological degradation of plants and animal tissues. HS can cause: colour, odour and taste problems in drinking water, biological growth in distribution systems, increase in chlorine demand for disinfection, membrane fouling and especially, formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) after disinfection process. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of XAD-7HP resin in the extraction of humic substances from raw water.
In the extraction of humic substances from water samples, amberlit anionic XAD-7HP resin with a strong cationic resin AG MP50 was used, while for the determination of humic acid, a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system equipped to BIO SUIT SEC columns was used.
The average extraction efficiency for XAD-7HP was 77% and HA concentration determined in all seasons ranges from 0.15 to 0.29 mg/L in raw water.
From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the use of XAD-7HP is a proper and effective method for the extraction of HS and its extraction efficiency is more influenced by pH and turbidity than other parameters. It can also be deduced from this study that XAD-7HP resin was most efficient at a pH of 2 and an increase in turbidity resulted in a corresponding decrease in the efficiency of resin.