mahdi yazdani

Generally, the exchange rate devaluation policy is one of the common policies of economic policymakers to increase improve in the trade balance. Meanwhile, the implementation of this policy in developing countries, such as Iran, may not be effective due to the dependence of exports on intermediate and capital imports. In this regard and due to the importance of this matter, using the Generalized Marshall-Lerner condition, this study tries to evaluate the effectiveness of the exchange rate devaluation policy in selected manufacturing industries of Iran during the period of 2010-2019 with the panel data method. The results indicate that this condition has not been provided in all the selected manufacturing industries (11 industries), using intermediate imports and intermediate-capital imports. Also, in the examination of the Generalized Marshall-Lerner condition using the import of only intermediate goods and the import of intermediate-capital goods, separately for the selected industries, this condition is observed in none of the selected industries. According to the results, it can be argued that due to the inefficiency of this policy in order to improve the trade balance in all selected manufacturing industries,, it is necessary that the economic policy maker should have necessary attention to implement the devaluation policy.

The purpose of this research was to provide a model of constructing hero with the development of student sports in Isfahan province. The research method was qualitative and based on the foundational data theory. The philosophical basis of the research was interpretive and based on the inductive approach . The participants in the research included physical education specialists and education and training with sports management, sports physiology, sports pathology, movement behavior , educational management and sociology experts and knowledgeable about the research topic. Sampling was based on the purposive method and based on the theoretical approach. Sampling adequacy criterion was the theoretical saturation of data, and based on this, 16 semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted. In order to audit the research and reliability, the criteria of acceptability, believability (Scott's method), transferability and verifiability (method of analysis of research members) were used, and the retest method of interviews was used for reliability. The results of data analysis were separated during three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, and the research findings in the framework of the paradigm model include the main categories of contextual factors such as social support for student sports, organizational structure processes, causal conditions such as personality and individual characteristics. educational-scientific platforms, creating an attitude of sportsmanship, intervening factors such as the development of financial resources for student sports, synergy and convergence, challenges facing constructing hero in students, strategies such as the creation of a comprehensive system for finding sports talent, development of construction and consequential projects such as the promotion of social capital and constructing hero were identified. Also, based on the results of the present study, It is suggested that the process of sport talent identification in schools with land-use planning approach and based on Innate talent human resources, Forming student teams and leagues, Employ a Physical education teacher for primary schools, Promoting sports in the intellectual basket of students and families, Approval and facilitation of laws and regulations to attract financial sponsors and the private sector, Increasing the sports space per capita based on the land-use planning and optimal use of new technologies to increase the physical-motor strength of athletes.

Balance of payments shocks can impact economies in varying degrees depending on their structural characteristics, often leading to the formation of business cycles. These cycles cause key macroeconomic variables, such as output, inflation, and exchange rates, to deviate from their long-term trends. The exchange rate policy and regime play a critical role in determining how these shocks propagate and generate business cycles. This research employs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to evaluate the effects of different balance of payments shocks—including oil exports, non-oil exports, and terms of trade shocks—on major macroeconomic variables in Iran under various exchange rate regimes (ERRs). Using welfare loss criteria and impulse-response functions, the findings indicate that a fixed real ERR results in the least welfare losses under different balance of payments shocks. Additionally, a managed floating ERR performs better than a floating ERR, whereas a fixed nominal ERR incurs the greatest welfare losses. The results also suggest that minimal central bank intervention minimizes the recessionary impact of negative shocks in the short run, although it leads to higher inflationary effects.

Balance of payment (BOP) shocks are one of the most important factors causing instability in economies that rely heavily on raw material export. Due to its dependence on oil revenues, the Iranian economy has been affected by balance of payment impulses in different eras, which have led to the instability of the macro-economy, especially the fluctuation of exchange rate, and sometimes occurrence of currency crisis. In the literature of public finance, there are several types of taxes on financial transactions, each of which has been introduced according to a specific purpose. Nevertheless, these taxes have common characteristics that are considered as basis for their selection and implementation at some point of time, especially during the periods of financial crises. These include curbing fluctuations of financial markets, collecting fair taxes and the possibility of reducing tax evasion compared to other taxes as the most important features. Tobin's original idea was a double tax on currency transactions, which is due when the currency is bought and sold. The mentioned tax has a bias towards long-term investment and leads to moving away from short-term speculation and ultimately creating economic stability. In general, this tax can lead to its spending by increasing investment returns and increasing economic stability.

One of the presented instruments in the literature of open macroeconomics in order to control excessive exchange rate fluctuations, especially when the economy is faced with exogenous negative impulses such as international sanctions, is to control capital outflow through the Tobin tax in the exchange rate market. In this study, by presenting a DSGE model for an open economy and compatible with the conditions of the Iranian economy, it was tried to evaluate the role of Tobin Tax in stabilizing macroeconomic variables. The focus was especially on evaluating the exchange rate in response to the shocks of the balance of payment in the framework of the managed floating exchange rate system. The presented model in this paper is simulated using the Dynare program that runs in MATLAB software. Daynar is able to find steady-state values for variables of the model and calculates impulse response paths of variables in case of economic shocks. At this stage, the pattern is written in the form of a Dynare file, which should have 5 sections that include the introduction of all variables (including endogenous and exogenous variables and parameters), the equations in the model, the initial values of the variables, and the available impulses. If all the steps above are done correctly, the Dynare program simulates the model and produces the impulse response functions for the variables of model against the included impulses and a summary of the moments of the simulated variables. Hence, in this study, it will be tried to evaluate the role of Tobin Tax in controlling the balance of payments innovations in the framework of the management floating exchange rate system.

The results of the analyzed variables show that with the negative shock of oil export, the output also decreases. Due to the decrease in the foreign exchange reserves, the real exchange rate has increased initially. With a decrease in the output and an increase in the real exchange rate, inflation increases at first. With a decrease in the amount of the output, also the consumption will decrease. Finally, with a decrease in the amount of the oil exports, the balance of payment has also been disturbed. The results of the impulse response functions of the oil export as a balance of payment shock showed that the application of Tobin Tax has reduced the variance of the exchange rate resulting from balance of payment shocks, which is in accordance with the economic literature. The obtained results have also shown that, Tobin tax has reduced the deviations of inflation and the output that the welfare loss function have decreased.

Therefore, according to the resuls, the policymaker can use the Tobin tax as a more transparent and efficient policy tool than quotas in the exchange rate market, which lead to provide more efficiency exchange rate market in mid and long-run.

Qasim Amin was a prominent Egyptian intellectual who, through his two writings, initiatednumerous social reforms in Egypt. These reforms were subsequently replicated in otherIslamic countries. He initially expressed his personal opinions regarding the position ofwomen in society and their hijab in a manner that was sympathetic to Islam. However, heeventually began to express his own views that were not in accordance with Islam. Heregards the hijab worn by eastern women as the cause of regression in eastern countries,while the lack of hijab worn by western women is the source of progress in westerncountries. He also maintains that the hijab worn by women stimulates and intensifies thedesire of men. He was of the opinion that women are subject to four historical periods, andwhen they reach the fourth period, they have achieved complete liberation, similar tocommunism. He believed that the hijab was a form of sex slavery and that it was onlyappropriate for the women of the Prophet. He also held the belief that hijab is a consequenceof the interaction between Islamic countries and their neighboring countries. These aremerely a few of the issues that Amin addressed in his two renowned works, Tahrir al-Mur'aand al-Mur'a al-Jadidah, regarding hijab. In this article, we compare Amin’s perspectives onthe hijab with those of Morteza Motahari. Amin will be provided with appropriate responsesin accordance with Morteza Motahari’s comments. The impact of Western modernity and therole that Westerners have depicted for women is evident in Amin. Amin’s works areprimarily focused on the development of gender, with a particular emphasis on women’seducation and the notion that women's independence is a precursor to Western civilization.He considers the hijab from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, but ultimately reacheshis own personal opinions regarding the hijab and pursues complete freedom from it.

George Homans' perspective as a sociologist is categorized in the micro-approaches of sociology.He explains social phenomena objectively And Paying attention to the individual and explanation based on individual interest is the main issue in Homans' approachRational choice theory, social behaviorism and Skinner as a scientist are among the influencers in the formation of Homans' social exchange theory.He believes that the general rules of sociology are ineffective in explaining behavior.For this reason, he believes in the objective explanation of behavior.by objective explanation he means the daily and basic behavior of people in life, which is unmediated and immediately ends in reward. Homans criticizes structuralists for believing in the use of organizations and institutions in maintaining society. After Homans, Peter Blau fundamentally changed the exchange theory and moved it towards accepting social realities and analyzing social institutions and organizations.With help from fundamental analysis method, which is based on Islamic wisdom, it is clear that Homans' method is materialistic in existential discussion and positivist and empiricist in epistemology.

The balance of payments shocks affects different economies and can lead to business cycles. Hence, the main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the effects of different balance of payments shocks, including the shocks of oil exports, non-oil exports, imports, net capital account, real exchange rate, real interest rate and consumer price index, on total output and creation of business cycles. Therefore, in this study it will be tried to evaluate the effect of balance of payments shocks, and their importance, on creation of fluctuations in total production in Iranian economy. For this purpose, the structural vector auto-regressive method has been used during the seasonal period of 2001:02-2021:04. The results based on impulse response functions show that the shocks real exchange rate, real interest rate and consumer price index have negative effect on output and lead to recession cycle in the economy. Also, the shocks of non-oil export, oil export, import and net capital account will be caused to boom cycle in the economy. Meanwhile, the exchange rate shock has had the most effect on output. Finally, the real exchange rate, oil export and real interest rate variables have had the most share in explanation of output variance, while the effect of import has been raised in the next.

Currently, the Pardis high-speed train with a speed of 150 (km/h) is known as the only high-speed train in service in Iran. Impact factor or dynamic load allowance are the most important parameters that can express the dynamic behavior of the bridge under a train. These parameters are used in bridge design codes instead of exhaustive dynamic analyses. Although the use of impact coefficients in some cases provides conservative answers, the use of these coefficients and the possible relationships derived from them can be a good alternative to dynamic analyses due to time and computational cost savings. Masonry arch bridges are geometrically and behaviorally complex structures and it is impossible to prepare an accurate numerical model and to conduct dynamic analyses due to their multiplicity; Therefore, calculating the impact factor due to the passage of high-speed trains can determine the initial behavior of masonry arch bridges. For this purpose, in the present study, first the finite element model of two masonry arch bridges was prepared which are completely different in terms of geometric and mechanical characteristics, and then by performing 52 dynamic analyzes, the time history of impact factor and dynamic load allowance has been calculated. The results show that the behavior of masonry arch bridges is appropriate in different conditions under the Pardis high-speed train and all the calculated impact coefficients are in the rational range.

Generally, the various economies can be affected by balance of payments shocks based on their structures. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the effects of different balance of payments shocks including shocks of oil export, non-oil export, consumption import, intermediate import, and capital import on the welfare losses. It should be mentioned that the macroeconomic environment of a country can be effective in deepening or reducing the impact of balance of payments shocks. For this purpose, based on the New Keynesian approach, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been developed and simulated for Iran's economy. The results show that the real exchange rate is the most important channel in transmission of balance of payments shocks. Also, the shocks of oil and non-oil exports cause the biggest welfare losses, respectively. Moreover, the results of import shocks mention that although the output loss caused by the shocks of intermediate and capital imports as production inputs is important, but the shock of consumption import through the real exchange rate fluctuations causes the more welfare losses than other type of imports. Hence, to reduce the welfare losses caused by the balance of payments shocks, stabilization of the foreign exchange revenues from oil exports, diversification of the non-oil exports along with the promotion of domestic production and stabilization of the real exchange rate by conducting proper monetary and fiscal policies, are necessary.

The financing of municipalities as local governments is one of the most important and challenging issues of the urban economy in developing and developed countries, where this issue is more important in the case of the capital of the countries. The city of Tehran, as one of the capitals, is not an exception to this matter, and the financing of its investment projects was very important in different years especially in the last decade, when Iran's economy was faced with important and serious challenges in the macroeconomic and international environment. Moreover, although municipalities, such as Tehran municipality, have tried to diversify and stabilize their income flows, the important point is that macroeconomic conditions can play a significant role in this regard. This study tries to evaluate the effects of macroeconomic stability shocks on the financing of investment projects in Tehran. For this purpose, a vector autoregressive model was used from 1991 to 2021 and was evaluated and compared the response of two municipal revenue components including a) the revenues from public duties and the financing from the capital and financial assets as the most important and stable components, and b) the other revenue components to macroeconomic stability shocks. The results show that the financing of investment projects in Tehran has shown a significant reaction to the shocks of macroeconomic variables, and on the other hand, the shock of the macroeconomic stability causes the resources from the financing of capital and financial assets for the city's investment projects to have a negative reaction to this shock. Based on this, policymakers and annual budget regulators should pay enough attention to these results.

Estimating the real exchange rate misalignment from the equilibrium value and exploring the factors affecting its changes is crucial for both economic policymakers and economic agents. Among the various factors affecting exchange rate misalignment, the exchange rate regime, has received less attention in experimental studies. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to find out the answer to the question of how real exchange rate misalignment is affected by different exchange rate regimes. In other words, in which of the exchange rate regimes is the exchange rate misalignment less and in which one it is higher? To answer the question, the propensity score matching approach has been used. For this purpose, we have used data from 116 developing countries with different exchange rate regimes in 2019. Other factors such as real exchange rate misalignment in the previous period, inflation, the quality of institutions and financial development have been considered as match variables to net the effect of the exchange rate regime on real exchange rate misalignment and to separate the effects of other variables. The results showed that the real exchange rate misalignment from its equilibrium level has responded significantly to the type of exchange rate regime adopted by the countries, so that the floating exchange rate regime increases the real exchange rate misalignment in the selected developing countries wherever implemented. It can be argued that factors such as high exchange rate  fluctuations, a more drastic adjustment in the price level, and speculative bubbles or contagion effects in the floating exchange rate regime have led to an increase in these misalignments.

Macroeconomic instability is an important obstacle to the real growth of the economy and its sustainability. In this article, two methods have been used to investigate the impact of transparency on macroeconomic stability in emerging economies using simultaneous equations with panel data for the period 1998-2014. In the first method, two equations for central bank transparency and stability have been considered and the mutual effect of these two variables has been investigated. In the second method, three equations for the variables of stability, including inflation, production gap and real exchange rate gap, and one equation to measure the effect of these variables on transparency are used simultaneously. The results of the study show that the transparency of the central bank is one of the factors affecting the stability of the macroeconomics. Also, the square of the central bank's transparency variable has a negative and significant relationship with macroeconomic stability. Meanwhile, the transparency of the central bank has an inverse relationship with inflation and the real exchange rate gap, and there is a two-way relationship between the transparency of the central bank and inflation. Finally, the effect of central bank transparency on production gap and vice versa is not significant.

Magnetic fields interact with biological systems and affect the metabolism of microorganisms such as microalgae. In fact, it can change the rate of photosynthesis and the composition of macromolecules inside the algal cell. These fields can affect the growth of microorganisms in three ways: inhibiting, stimulating, and null. For this purpose, in this study, the growth of the microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Spirulina platensis, under a static magnetic field of 2.5 mT in a bubble column photobioreactors have been investigated. All conditions, including culture medium, light intensity, temperature, pH and inoculation rate for a period of 14 days were considered the same for all photobioreactors. The results showed that the static magnetic field with the intensity of 2.5 mT is a growth stimulant and has increased the biomass productivity of the studied microalgae by 34% and 10%, respectively. Also, Gompertz growth model has shown more compliance with experimental data in the conditions where microalgae have been affected by the field.

This article examines the determinants of international capital flows with an emphasis on financial globalization in emerging countries during 1985-2013. In addition, by entering the interactive variable of institutions' quality with financial globalization, the simultaneous effect of institutions' quality and financial globalization on international capital flows has been evaluated. For this purpose, two-stage generalized moment estimator has been used. The results show that financial globalization increases capital flows in countries that have high-quality institutions and political stability. But in countries with poor quality institutions and political instability, it does not increase capital flows or even decreases them. Also, based on the results, there is a threshold level for the quality of institutions, before reaching it, financial globalization causes a decrease in capital flows, and when the quality of institutions reaches this threshold level, financial globalization causes an increase in capital flows. In addition, among the selected emerging countries, only Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Chile, Malaysia, Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Mexico, Oman, Estonia and Latvia have been able to reach this threshold level. Considering that the quality of institutions in most emerging countries is below the threshold, these countries should improve the quality of institutions and establish political stability in their country before financial globalization.

In the present study, the competitiveness of Iran's agricultural, industrial and in global markets services sectors has been investigated and analyzed. This measurement was taken by calculating four indicators of  relative comparative advantage (RCA) at the level of two- and four-digit codes of the International Industrial Standard Classification System for Economic Activities (ISIC) and using the data of Iran-world input-output tables during the period 1996-1995. The results show that out of 3 main subgroups of agriculture, only subdivisions of agricultural products, horticulture, livestock and poultry and hunting and other related activities, and out of 19 subdivisions of industry, only subdivisions of mineral extraction and other related materials, have RCA in all studied years. Other subsections have fluctuations in the presence or absence of comparative advantage, and some have a distinct RCA pattern. This situation has existed in 10 service sub-sectors of the country, but in general, the relative export advantage for service sub-sectors has not been identified in the whole period. In addition, the results of RCA index compatibility tests by performing 3 Cardinal, Ordinal and Dichotomous Measures show that the results of Ordinal tests are more satisfactory than the results of Dichotomous and Cardinal tests and therefore, the present study provides an Ordinal interpretation of RCA indicators in the formation of economic policies. Finally, the results of stability tests show that the indicators of comparative export advantage did not have a stable trend during the period.

The purpose of this study is to design a multi-objective model of fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network in the automotive industry with an urban management approach. Automobile manufacturing is a complex and energetic process that consumes significant amounts of raw materials and water. To continue the competition, major automotive equipment manufacturers must strive for better product quality by continuously improving their production process and directing low-carbon emissions and increasing sustainability. In this regard, reverse supply chain networks and closed loop chains have special features that are very useful in the industry under study.

In the present study, in order to achieve the research objectives, a quantitative research method will be used and based on the purpose, it is defined in a practical way. In this study, we use the MOPSO method to facilitate its implementation and its ability to provide good convergence, as well as to maintain a proper balance between exploitation and exploration, as well as the NSGA II genetic algorithm.

In the study of the findings of the proposed algorithms, it found that the average error resulting from these algorithms is less than 0.04. The results also show that the proposed algorithms have the necessary efficiency in solving these problems.

The notable results of our model are as follows: (1) an efficient closed-loop network that demonstrates the economic benefits of considering the value of time over the recycling of a worn product. (2) It has the ability to show the capacity to achieve maximum benefits in terms of cost value as well as the environmental perspective of what capacity it should maintain.

Exploring effects of the main determinants of exchange rate pass through is crucial for the adoption of various economic policies, including currency and trade policies. The exchange rate regime of countries is the source of exchange rate and price changes and is substantial in the implementation of foreign exchange policies. Among the various factors affecting exchange rate pass through, an exchange rate regime has received less attention in empirical studies. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to find out how the exchange rate pass through, which is proxied as the import price, is affected by different exchange rate regimes. To answer the question, we have used the propensity score matching approach, which is considered as a non-parametric method, to investigate the effect of an exchange rate regime on the exchange rate pass through, while other effective factors are controlled. To this purpose, we have used data of 118 developing countries with different exchange rate regimes in 2019. To evaluate the marginal effect of the exchange rate regime on exchange rate pass through, we have modeled the exchange rate pass through by including other match variables such as the nominal exchange rate, marginal cost of exporters, real GDP growth, trade openness, liquidity growth and inflation. The empirical results showed that the exchange rate pass through has responded significantly to the selection of an appropriate exchange rate regime, so that the adoption of the floating exchange rate regime reduces the degree of exchange rate pass among the counties wherever implemented.

Several members in some structures tolerate torsional moment. Therefore, comprehending the torsional behavior of these members is essential. Investigating the torsional behavior of thin-walled sections and simple sections is possible by analytical and common numerical methods. The analysis and design of some structures with special sections (e.g., trapezoidal sections) in specific industries make it impossible to calculate these sections' responses using common methods. Therefore, the development of novel methods as alternative approaches seems very necessary. Due to the difficulty of analytical solution with asymmetric domains, semi-analytical and numerical methods are the most desirable alternatives. One of the proper methods for solving the boundary value problem is the vibrational methods. Moreover, the Kantorovich quasi-analytical method, an extension form of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, is an appropriate method for solving problems due to the lack of limitation in selecting the primary function for estimating boundary conditions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to develop the Kantorovich method to solve the governing equation of the torsion problem and estimate the warping and stress field of the arbitrary trapezoidal sections directly. Finally, the solution is compared with other existing methods to evaluate the accuracy of the Kantorovich method. The results indicate high precision and rapid convergence of this quasi-analytical method.

There are numerous old arch bridges in Iran that have been used as railway bridges for more than eighty years. In Iran's railway network, there are about 3,700 bridges which all of these have been designed based on service load in that time (low-speed trains) and are still serving for trains at maximum speed of 100 km/h. Using of high-speed trains has been spread all over the world in the last two decades. In recent years, the use of high-speed trains is necessary in the Iran. It is not possible at all to replace old masonry arch bridges due to field and economic constraints, so it is necessary to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of these bridges under the high-speed trains. To evaluate complex behavior of these bridges, results of field tests are required. Since it is not possible to perform field tests for all arch bridges, these structures should be simulated correctly by computers for structural assessment. The present study investigates two plain concrete arch bridge which are located in kilometer 23 and 24 of the old Tehran-Qom railway. The numerical model of the bridge is established in accordance with detailed geometrical properties of the bridges. The numerical model has been validated based on the existing experimental results. In the model updating procedure, the vertical deflection at the crown under static loading and the movement of the six-axle train by 60 and 80 km/h, as well as the first three modes of the bridges were selected as a calibration criterion. In the second step, different geometrical of Pardis high-speed train are used and totally 13 geometrical models have been detected and investigated. By using the finite element method and the macro-modelling approach, the km-23 and km-24 bridges were simulated and totally 26-time history dynamic analyses have been conducted. Dynamic behaviour of the bridge under moving load model of Pardis trains at speeds of 150km/h have been assessed. Finally, deflection and acceleration responses for all 26 dynamic analyses at the crown of the bridges have been extracted and compared. These analyses are conducted to the aim of finding opportunities and constraints in using railway masonry arch bridges in the Iran as it is necessary to use existing rail lines on the rail network, due to the high cost of the construction of new ones and the need to know the existing structures such as bridges and their properties under the impact of high-speed trains. A realistic prediction of the structure's response helps a rational operation of the bridges in the service, that’s why the correct understanding of the dynamic behaviour of railway bridges is essential. The results of present study indicate that these bridges have good behaviour under high-speed trains.

Generally, international flows of capital and foreign direct investment attraction are challengeable issues in the literature of economic growth and development in emerging market countries. However, the fluctuations in foreign direct investment, including sudden flood and stop, will affect emerging markets' output and macroeconomic variables. Using an econometric model with unbalanced panel data during 1990-2014 for 38 emerging countries, this study tries to evaluate the determinants of output losses from the sudden stop of foreign direct investment and consider the role of macroeconomic policies. The results show that the sudden stop phenomena and the financial crises have been identified as the main explanatory variables for the output collapse in the selected countries. Moreover, the role of macroeconomic policies is important, and the output losses can be controlled by using active monetary and exchange rate policies.

Structures are subjected to different loadings during their lifetime. Most of these loads are time dependent and change over the time. Therefore, it is important to evaluate structures under dynamic loads. On the other hand, dynamic response of structures is affected by several factors that results in many complexities to structural analysis. Thus, numerical methods are used for seismic analysis of structures. In this article, a new semi analytical method with high efficiency is developed for soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis, which is called decoupled scaled boundary finite element method (DSBFEM). This method has analytical solution in radial direction and uses a specific shape functions as the interpolation function in the circumferential direction. In addition, the boundaries of the problem are discretized by specific new non-isoparametric elements. In these elements, new special shape functions as well as higher-order Chebyshev mapping functions are implemented. For the shape functions, Kronecker Delta property is satisfied for displacement function, simultaneously. Moreover, the first derivatives of shape functions are assigned to zero at any given control point. In fact, to model the geometry of the problems, we consider a local coordinate origin (LCO) for transportation of the geometric characteristics of global coordinate and local coordinate. Consequently, using a form of weighted residual method and implementing Clenshaw-Curtis numerical integration, coefficient matrices of the system of equations are converted into diagonal ones, which leads to a set of decoupled partial differential equations for solving the whole system. This means that the governing partial differential equation for each degree of freedom (DOF) becomes independent from other DOFs of the domain. Due to the soil flexibility effect on structural responses, in this paper, SSI problem has been investigated considering different values of modulus of elasticity for soil domain. To achieve this, two different LCOs have been used to discretize the soil domain and the structure domain. Thus, a three-step algorithm is proposed, which consists of: (1) considering an initial stress on the interaction boundary, (2) analysis of soil domain, and (3) analysis of structure domain. Therefore, after the initial assumption of stress on the interaction boundary, the soil domain will be completely analyzed by two-stage traction redistribution and the results on interaction boundary will be used as boundary conditions of structure domain. It should be noted that in the proposed algorithm, only one-stage traction redistribution will be used to analyze the structure domain. Finally, validity and accuracy of DSBFEM are fully demonstrated through some benchmark examples with different values of modulus of elasticity for the soil domain, and the results are compared with Finite Element Method (FEM). The results indicate that the proposed method has high accuracy and flexibility to consider the SSI effect, determine the resonant frequency and the maximum displacement amplitude of the structure. In addition, the number of elements used in the DSBFEM is much less than the FEM, which will lead to a reduction in computational costs.

Nowadays, with regard to the competitiveness of the global trade and the need to meet the demands of customers, and given the increasing growth of technology in order to preserve and maintain the organization, we can use the various combinations of QFD as a powerful tool in quality engineering. . In this research, Delphi method was first used to identify the main components of the research including customer requirements and technical requirements, and then, due to the importance of weighing in the quality performance development tool, by developing a combined DEMATEL-ANP fusion decision method, and The severity of the relationships will affect the effectiveness and effectiveness of the components and weights associated with them to complete the matrix of the quality house. In order to complete the QFD method, we will use the new expansion of the Wasserman relationship. Also, in order to solve the traditional QFD problem of not considering the effect of constraints on technical engineering requirements, we will apply a combination of QFD, DEMATEL-Fuzzy ANP and DEA methods in the present study. Also, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we will consider it as a case study at the Goldiran Industry Corporation's executive washing machine production site.

There are numerous old arch bridges in Iran that have been used as railway bridges for more than seventy years. Since most of these bridges are not designed for earthquake excitation, seismic vulnerability of these structures is uncertain. This fact necessitates the investigation of the earthquake resistance of these kinds of bridges. To evaluate complex behavior of these bridges, results of field tests are required. Since it is not possible to perform field tests for all arch bridges, these structures should be simulated correctly by computers for structural assessment. Several parameters are employed to describe the bridges, such as number of spans, length, geometrical and material properties. In this study, results of field tests are used and adapted for 32 three dimensional finite element models with various physical parameters. Modal deformations of bridges at longitudinal and transverse directions is perceived from nonlinear computer simulations. Furthermore, Seismic performance of these bridges is assessed by pushover analysis in two directions and the capacity curves of the structures and linear demand spectrum are obtained using nonlinear static analysis method suggested by the Iranian standard. The crown is selected as a control node in the pushover analysis and its influence on seismic performance of plain concrete arch bridges is considered. Finally, the demand levels of the bridges based on 475 return period earthquakes are determined and compared with capacity curves. The results show that the performance of longitudinal direction is better than transverse direction, but the earthquake resistance of these kinds of bridges totally depends on the material properties and geometry of the structures.

There are many plain concrete arch bridges in Iran for more than seventy years. These bridges not only have not been designed for earthquake loading, but also high-speed trains would be used in railways of Iran. Therefore, calculation of fundamental frequencies of the bridges against earthquake and high-speed train vibrations is necessary for considering resonance effects. To evaluate complex behavior of these bridges, results of field tests are useful. Since it is not possible to perform field tests for all arch bridges, these structures should be simulated correctly by computers for structural assessment. Several parameters are employed to describe the bridges, such as number of spans, length of spans, geometrical and material properties. In this study, results of field tests are used and adapted for 64 three dimensional finite element models with various physical parameters. Computer simulations show modal deformations of bridges at longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, these results demonstrate that fundamental frequencies of bridges decrease after increasing span length and number of spans. Plus, some relations are proposed for calculation of fundamental frequencies of plain concrete arch bridge.

In fracture mechanics and failure analysis, cracked media energy and consequently stress intensity factors (SIFs) play a crucial and significant role. Based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), the SIFs and energy of cracked media may be estimated. This study presents the novel modification of decoupled scaled boundary finite element method (DSBFEM) to model cracked media. In this method, only the boundaries of problems are discretized using specific higher-order sub-parametric elements and higher-order Lagrange polynomials as mapping functions. Implementing the weighted residual method and using Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre numerical integration yield diagonal Euler’s differential equations. The chief modifications among the research conducted and the previous studies concerning DSBFEM is that here in, generation of geometry process of the functional interpolation, integration of the diverse is chosen, and by current technic, the difficulty of the DSBFEM is decreased. Therefore, when the local coordinates origin is located at the crack tip, the geometry of crack problems are implemented directly without further processing. Validity and accuracy of the proposed method are fully illustrated through three benchmark problems, whose results agree very well with those of other numerical and/or analytical solutions existing in the literature.