mehdi dehghan

This research investigates newly discovered poems by the poets Nazari Qohestani, Nezari Bajaei Shirazi, and Jalaluddin Atighi, which have been overlooked in literary sources. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the study first focuses on a ghazal by Nezari Qohestani, a skilled poet of the Seventh century and first quarter of the eighth century AH. He has a collection of poetry that has been edited and published by Mazaher Musafa. In Anis al-Khalwah wa Jalis al-Salwah, five ghazals by him are included, one of which is not found in his published divan. Next, a ghazal and a quatrain by Naser Bajaei Shirazi, a contemporary of Saadi, are analyzed. A short divan has been published by Mahmoud Madaberi, and some ghazals have also been compiled by Milad Azimi. However, in Anis al-Khalwah wa Jalis al-Salwah, a ghazal by him is mentioned that is not present in any of these compilations, along with a newly discovered quatrain from Tazkarat al-Shu'ara (a manuscript from the Malek Library, number 5319). Finally, three ghazals by Jalaluddin Atighi, a poet of the Seventh and eighth centuries AH, are analyzed. His poetry collection has been published in photo-reprint form from a manuscript in the Fateh Library in Turkey. Eighteen ghazals by Atighi are mentioned in the poetic anthology Mounes al-Oshaq wa Tuhfat al-Afaq two of which are newly discovered, along with another new ghazal attributed to him in Anis al-Khalwah wa Jalis al-Salwah. This research emphasizes the importance of identifying and documenting newly discovered poems and contributes to the richness of Persian literature.

In this article, a novel spectral method based on the integral transform and Finite Element (FE) method is introduced for nonlinear thermal analysis of a hollow cylinder under asymmetric boundary excitations. The material properties are temperature-dependent and vary in terms of spatial coordinates. This dependency makes the problem to be nonlinear. The intended nonlinear heat conduction equation is discretized using FEs in the radial direction. Fast Fourier transform  (FFT) technique with the uniform distribution of the harmonics in the circumferential direction, is used to discretize the periodic domain and boundary conditions. The use of the FFT algorithm is accompanied by a significant save in computational times and efforts. In such problems, the pseudo-spectral technique, as an evolved model of the spectral method, is utilized whenever the material properties vary in terms of the periodic variables or there exists a nonlinear term. The convolution sum technique is appropriately used to transform the nonlinear terms in the Fourier space. Thermal boundary conditions at the inner surface of the cylinder are considered in asymmetrical form. In compliance withthe other analytical and numerical solutions, the present mixed-method benefits from the fast rate of convergence and high accuracy.

Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater is a significant and esteemed anthology from the 8th century. Before exploring the main topic, it was essential to clarify an important distinction: there were three texts with similar titles. The first, Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater by Abd al-Aziz Kashi, was the primary text and the focus of this research. This manuscript was housed in the Istanbul University Library and consisted of a collection of Arabic and Persian poetry (See: Kashi, n.d., No. 766 F).Fenkhā described this text as follows: "It is a substantial book compiled by Abd al-Aziz Kashi in one large volume divided into 3 sections: 1. Praises, wisdom, and etiquette, which is further divided into 2 chapters: the first containing 50 sections and the second containing 15 sections; 2. Various stories organized into 22 chapters, some of which are divided into several sections; 3. Miscellaneous topics presented in 8 chapters. The book includes both Persian and Arabic poetry" (Derayati, 2011/17: 241). However, it seemed that Derayati had erred in his description of the text's chapters as the arrangement differed from what was referenced. Additionally, while Derayati attributed a copying date of 792 to Rowzat al-Nazer, the manuscript itself lacked both a specific copying date and information about the scribe.Seyyed Ali Mirafzali commented on this issue: "The date of this book remains unknown. However, since Abul-Majd Tabrizi mentions him with a prayer phrase in 723 AH while copying Resaleh Qalamiyeh, another work by the author, it can be inferred that the compilation of Rowzat al-Nazer has likely occurred in the first quarter or at most the second quarter of the 8th century." (Mirafzali, 2003: 97)The second text titled Rowzat al-Nazer, Nozhat al-Khater was distinct from Abd al-Aziz Kashi's poetry anthology. This manuscript was housed in the Hagia Sophia Library and was cataloged as No. 4020. It consisted of a collection of stories organized into 15 chapters with poems interspersed throughout the narratives (See: Unknown author, 881, no scribe, No. 4020). Notably, Fenkhā also attributed this text to Abd al-Aziz Kashi (See: Derayati, 2011/17: 242).The third text, also titled Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater, appeared to be an abridgment of Kashi's original work. This manuscript was located in the Hagia Sophia Library and was cataloged as No. 4019. It summarized the poems found in the Istanbul manuscript but did not attribute the poets' names (Unknown author, n.d., no scribe). In the catalog of Iranian manuscripts, this version was referred to as an excerpt from the Istanbul manuscript and was attributed to Abd al-Aziz Kashi (See: Derayati, 2011/17: 242); however, the original manuscript did not mention the author's name.

This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The manuscript of Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater served as the primary source for the study supplemented by other manuscripts and printed copies to verify or refute the attributions being examined.

The analysis of the anthology Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater yielded important insights into the accuracy of attributions made within this 8th-century collection of Persian and Arabic poetry. The findings from our investigation into several dubious attributions are summarized below:Incorrect Attribution to SaadiThe anthology contained a three-line poem that had been attributed to the renowned poet Saadi. Our investigation definitively established that this attribution was incorrect, suggesting that either the poem belonged to another poet or was a piece of lesser-known origin.

Valid Attribution to Vatvat:

A ghazal attributed to Vatvat in the anthology appeared in the printed Diwan of Rashid, corroborating its authenticity. Conversely, the attribution of this same ghazal to Saadi, as noted in the appendix of Saadi's ghazals in Foroughi's edition, was incorrect. This discrepancy highlighted the need for careful scrutiny of attributions in poetic collections.

Plausible Attribution to Sanai:

Several lines from a qasida had been attributed to Sanai and this attribution appeared plausible based on stylistic and thematic elements. However, a competing claim by Modarres Razavi suggested that these lines might actually belong to Abd al-Vasea Jabali, indicating the complexity of authorship in poetic traditions and the necessity for further comparative analysis.

Mixed Attributions to Ez al-Din Mahmoud Kashi:

The anthology featured two quatrains attributed to Ez al-Din Mahmoud Kashi. Our findings confirmed that one of these attributions was accurate, while the other was not. This highlighted the challenges of verifying authorship, particularly when multiple works were ascribed to a single poet.

Accurate Attribution to Athir Akhsikati:

The attribution of a quatrain to Athir Akhsikati had been verified as accurate. This finding reinforced the significance of this poet in the anthology and contributed to a better understanding of the literary landscape of the time.

Attribution in the Dispute between Rudaki and Kamal:

In a notable dispute between Rudaki and Kamal regarding a quatrain, our analysis suggested that it was more logical to attribute this work to Kamal. This finding illustrated the intricate interrelations among poets of the era and the interpretive challenges in attributing works correctly.

Questionable Attribution to Saadi:

Finally, three lines critical of women, which were presented in the form of a Masnavi, had been attributed to Saadi. However, our investigation raised significant doubts about this attribution, suggesting that it might not accurately reflect Saadi's body of work or thematic concerns.

The anthology Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater was a significant contribution to our literary history from the 8th century AH, particularly in its role in attributing poems to poets active before this period. However, it is important to acknowledge that some erroneous attributions existed within the anthology. This research examined several dubious attributions, yielding the following

The attribution of a three-line poem to Saadi was definitively incorrect. A ghazal attributed to Vatvat in this anthology appeared in the printed Diwan of Rashid, suggesting that this attribution was accurate. Conversely, the attribution of this ghazal to Saadi, as noted in the appendix of Saadi's ghazals in Foroughi's edition, was incorrect. Several lines from a qasida had been attributed to Sanai and this attribution appeared plausible. However, Modarres Razavi, in his discussion of this qasida in Sanai's Diwan, suggested it might actually be by Abd al-Vasea Jabali. Two quatrains had been attributed to Ez al-Din Mahmoud Kashi; one attribution was correct while the other was not. The attribution of a quatrain to Athir Akhsikati was accurate. In a dispute between Rudaki and Kamal regarding a quatrain, it seemed more logical to attribute the work to Kamal. Three lines, presented in the form of a Masnavi and critical of women, had been attributed to Saadi; however, this attribution was highly questionable.

In the last decade, there has been a surge of interest in application of fractional calculus in various areas such as, mathematics, physics, engineering, mechanics and etc. So, numerical methods have rapidly been developed to handle problems containing fractional derivatives (or integrals). Due to the fact that all the operators which appear in fractional calculus are non-local, so, the classical linear multi-step methods have some difficulties from the (time/space) computational complexity point of view. Recently, two new non-classical methods or diffusive based methods have been proposed by the authors to approximate the Caputo fractional derivatives. Here, the main aim of this paper is to use these methods to solve linear multi-term fractional differential equations numerically. To reach our aim, an efficient matrix approach has been provided to solve some well-known multi-term fractional differential equations.

In this study based on the accelerated over relaxation (AOR) method we make an iterative scheme for solving generalized Lyapunov matrix equation$$ {A}{X}+{X}{B}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}{N}_j{X}{M}_j={C},$$over complex or real matrices. Then we analyze the convergence of the new iterative method in detail. There have been discussions for the calculation of optimal parameters. Finally a numerical example is given to demonstrate the capability of the new method.

Damaged articular cartilage has limited self-healing potential and often leads to osteoarthritis (OA), pain, anddysfunction of the affected joint. Autologous and allogenic transplants cannot fully meet the needs of clinical treatment.Two dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures can help to study growth modeling and physiologicalcharacteristics of the human body. Among the problems that 2D and single-layer cultures have the lack of proper andaccurate tissue modeling and the lack of tissue complications similar is to the original tissue. With organoid models,cellular and tissue structural studies and functional and physiological studies of tissues have been revolutionizedand more accurate. Organoids are useful for studying repair and drug efficacy. Physiological and pathologicalinvestigations by combining in vitro and in vivo methods have become more effective today. The purpose of this studyis to investigate the factors involved in the formation of cartilage organoids so that we can introduce the best methodof organoid production for the healing of cartilage damage by using cell types and organoid model.

The use of cross spheres in the design and manufacturing of the pressure body of subsurface vessels has been of interest. In this article, stress and stability analysis of a Booth lemniscate shell of revolution under external pressure and various geometric imperfections is investigated. First, by introducing Booth Lemniscate shells, this widely used geometry is created without discontinuity and stress concentration. Stress analysis of these shells for different shape coefficients has been done using membrane stress theory. Using Python programming language and scripting in Abaqus software, the geometric equations related to the generating curve of shells with different shape coefficients were created and the stress field resulting from external pressure was calculated. By comparing the results obtained from the analytical solution and the finite element numerical solution, a proper match between the results is observed. Considering the importance of geometric shape defects in the post-buckling behavior of revolution shells, Booth lemniscate shells have been considered under the influence of various types of primary geometric shape defects, including axial and local symmetric ringing and shape defects resulting from the superposition of linear buckling modes. The reduction of the buckling strength of the shells has been investigated in the form of knockdown factor, and the highest impact was related to the shape defects resulting from the mode shape and the lowest was related to the local shape defects. The results show that the middle region of the shell is more sensitive to buckling, and the calculation of the knockdown factor shows that the critical load value decreases with the increase in the dimensions of the shape defect, and as the size of the shape defect increases, the slope of the knockdown factor graph decreases.

In this article, thermo-elastic analysis of a thick hollow cylinder under internal pressure is investigated. The material properties are considered to be temperature-dependent and functionally graded in radial direction. This temperature dependency caused the heat conduction equations to be nonlinear. The perturbation theory is performed for solving nonlinear heat conduction equations of the cylinder. Arbitrary combined thermal boundary conditions containing temperature and temperature gradient are considered. As the temperature field is extracted, it can be used to solve decoupling thermal stress governing equations. These thermo-elastic equations and related boundary conditions are discretized in strong form using differential quadrature method. Numerical results extracted from the suggested semi-analytical approach in a linear regime are then compared to the existing results. It is depicted that the presented method benefits from the low computational and high convergence behavior. The stress distribution of the cylinder is computed by considering the approximation of the temperature in zeroth-order, one-order as well as second-order. In order to achieve proper accuracy, more terms of the perturbation approximation series should be considered for the higher temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder.

In recent years, ring rolling process is used to produce seamless rims in many industries, including the aviation and railway industries. The reason for this is the advantages of this process, such as saving money and materials, high quality and high efficiency. In this research, the shaping of the front and rear spools of an airplane engine compressor has been investigated using the ring rolling process. Due to the complexity of the internal and external surface shapes of these spools, it is difficult to simulate the ring rolling process for them. For the performed simulation, the stress applied to the main roller has been checked with the assumption of the shape of the rollers. Also, the forces acting on the main roller in the case where the rollers are assumed to be malleable have been extracted and compared with the previous results where all the rollers are rigid. In both spools, there are complex forms designed on the surface of the roller. If the concentration of stress created at the sharp points during elementing is ignored, the stresses created on other parts of the mold are around 400 MPa. Therefore, H13 steel can be used for the front and back spools to make all molds. But it is suggested that the surface of the shell should be as hard as possible and after making molds and using them for the mass production of shells, these surfaces should be constantly reviewed.

Various writings about chess were written by people from different classes of society, including clergymen, princes, and intellectuals with religious, educational, and political purposes, which became known as "Rasāʼīl šaṭranǰīya"(chess treatises) during the Qajar period. The purpose of this study based on manuscripts and historical sources is to answer the question of what place chess had in the people's general culture in the Qajar period. For what purpose were the letters of chess written? And what are the differences between them? The findings of the research show that during the Qajar period, the culture of playing chess became popular among the ruling class and then the general public. The extent of this game led to the opinions of different people in different fields regarding this game and short and long treatises were written on the rejection, education, and acceptability of it. These works have differences in their content, form, and purpose, which shows the intensity of opinions and ideas towards chess in the Iranian society of the Qajar era. The origin of different views about chess goes back to jurisprudence, history, culture, and politics, which are discussed in this article.

The present study aims to compare acoustic voice parameters in patients with vocal cord nodules, polyps, and normal subjects. 

In this cross-sectional case-control study, the participants were selected by convenience sampling, including 30 patients with vocal polyps for the first group, 38 patients with vocal nodules for the second group, and 42 participants without voice pathologies as the control group. For each group, participants were examined by a speech and language pathologist (SLP) using an Endo-vision laryngoscope. Acoustic voice parameters were measured by MDVP software in Visi-Pitch; then, these parameters were compared in groups in terms of sex.

Three groups showed significant differences in terms of fundamental frequency (P<0.001), jitter (P<0.001), shimmer (P<0.001), and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) values (P<0.001). Women in three groups had the substantial differences in terms of fundamental frequency (P<0.001), jitter (P<0.001), shimmer (P<0.001), and NHR (P<0.001). For men, the three groups showed a significant difference for jitter (P<0.001) and shimmer (P=0.001), but for NHR (P=024), and fundamental frequency (P=0.93) no signification difference were observed. 

It seems that the existence of benign mass lesions, such as vocal cord nodules and polyps affects the acoustic parameters of the voice. The measurement of acoustic voice parameters may help us to differentiate between the voices of normal people and patients with vocal cord nodules and polyps as a supplementary assessment in clinical procedures.

Aphasia is the most common communication disorder resulting from stroke. In this condition all modalities of language, including reading, writing, auditory perception, and oral speech may be affected. Aphasia is divided into two categories: fluent (Wernicke's aphasia, Transcortical sensory aphasia, conduction aphasia, and anomic aphasia) and non-fluent (Broca's aphasia, global aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and mixed transcortical aphasia). As a result, the types of aphasia depend on the area of brain damage. In this study, the relationship between fluent aphasia and non-fluent aphasia with the brain damage area was investigated in stroke patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, the diagnosis and discrimination of aphasia types were determined by performing the Persian version of the aphasia test and MRI/CT-scan images were taken to find the exact brain damage area. Data were analyzed in SPSS V26.

We studied 123 patients. There were 70 cases with aphasia (mean age: 68.16 years), including 41 men and 29 women. Frontal lobes (25.7%) and temporal lobes (25.7%) were the most common brain regions affected.

Damage to the frontal lobe and its surrounding areas is associated with incidence of aphasia, and damage to the temporal lobe and its surrounding areas is linked to the occurrence of fluent aphasia.

Most preterm infants experience oral feeding disorder. Sucking is the most appropriate way for oral feeding, but it may be immature in preterm infants. Regarding the increased risk of feeding problems in preterm infants, investigating and monitoring their sucking patterns to present appropriate and timely intervention is recommendedThe current research aimed to report the design of an instrument for measuring the suction pressure in preterm infants through a pilot study. We also checked the validity and reliability of the instrument.

A pilot study was conducted to measure the validity and reliability of this instrument. First, the instrument was developed, and in the next step, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and comparison in terms of sex were investigated by measuring the suction pressure of 20 full-term and 15 preterm infants. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used to establish the discriminant validity, comparison in terms of sex, and test-retest reliability in SPSS v. 23 software.

Two groups showed a significant difference in the suction pressure (P<0.001) to support the discriminant validity of the instrument. We obtained satisfactory values for the test-retest reliability in two groups (r=0.97, P<0.001). Boys and girls did not significantly differ between full-term (P=0.9) and preterm infants groups (P=0.5).

Performing the pilot study on 35 infants through an infant sucker tester proved the instrument’s discriminant validity and test-retest reliability. However, conducting the studies with a larger sample size is essential to make this instrument available commercially.

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), as a result of today's vehicles equipped with different wireless technology, have been attracting interest for their potential roles in many fields such as emergency, safety, and intelligent transport system. However, the development of a reliable routing protocol to route data packets between vehicles is still a challenging task due to the high mobility, lack of fixed infrastructure, and obstacles. One technique to tackle this challenge is using machine learning. In this paper, we have proposed a protocol applying  multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) as a technique that enables groups of reinforcement learning agents to solve system optimization problems online in dynamic, decentralized networks. Our protocol is based on a model-based reinforcement learning method which has a higher convergence speed compared to the model-free one. To form the needed model for MARL, we have developed a Fuzzy Logic (FL) system that evaluates the quality of links between neighbor nodes based on parameters such as velocity and connection quality. The performance of the proposed protocol is studied by extensive simulation with respect to various metrics such as delivery ratio, delay, and overhead. The results obtained show significant improvement of VANETs performance in terms of these metrics.

In recent years, the conical shells under external pressure are widely used in construction of the under-water pressure hulls, covers of aero-engines and storage tanks. Strength of thin-walled shells under external pressure are usually influenced by the buckling phenomenon. So, its study is in high degree of importance. The buckling analysis of thin conical shells based on theoretical and experimental methods is accompanied by shortcomings such as time consuming and complexity. In this paper, an efficient method based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is presented for prediction of buckling and post-buckling behavior of conical shells. Primarily, the linear and non-linear buckling loads of the truncated cones with various thickness and stiffener dimensions are obtained by using the Finite Element (FE) analysis. Then, these obtained results are submitted to the Neural Network for training. In order to verify the solution procedure, the predicted results of ANN are compared with those of extracted from FE analysis. It is shown, that the predictive model benefits from high convergence and accuracy. Finally, some predicted results of buckling and post-buckling analysis of conical shells is figured.

 One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults.

This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software.

 In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively.

 There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes.

The aim of the present study was to compare the videolaryngostroboscopic findings between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and vocally healthy controls.   This case-control descriptive study was performed on 113 people, including 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 63 controls. The participants were subjected to videolaryngostroboscopic examinations in order to evaluate fundamental frequency, different structural vocal lesions, patterns of glottal closure, subglottal changes, supraglottis appearance, and movement patterns of the arytenoid cartilage. The obtained results were compared between the two research groups. Data analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 24.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.   The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the complete pattern (P=0.00) and strained state of glottal closure (P=0.00), pattern of subglottal changes (χ2=25.98, df=2; P<0.001), and movement patterns of the arytenoid (χ2=21.16, df=1; P<0.001). Additionally, based on the obtained frequencies, the two groups showed significant differences regarding the normal state of the larynx (P=0.00), hypertrophy of vocal fold (P=0.007), epithelial change (P=0.007), and Reinke's edema (P=0.001). However, the videolaryngostroboscopic examination results revealed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of polyp (P=0.20), nodule (P=0.57), sulcus vocalis (P=0.08), cyst (P=0.45), and atrophy of vocal folds (P=0.45).   It seems that rheumatoid arthritis affects the patterns of arytenoids movement, some kinds of glottal closure patterns, and subglottal changes. As the results indicated, the occurrence of some laryngeal structural changes was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in individuals without this disorder.

In the current research work, we present an improvement of meshless boundary element method (MBEM) based on the shape functions of radial basis functions-QR (RBF-QR) for solving the two-dimensional elasticity problems. The MBEM has benefits of the boundary integral equations (BIEs) to reduce the dimension of problem and the meshless attributes of moving least squares (MLS) approximations. Since the MLS shape functions don’t have the delta function property, applying boundary conditions is not simple. Here, we propose the MBEM using RBF-QR to increase the accuracy and efficiency of MBEM. To show the performance of the new technique, the two-dimensional elasticity problems have been selected. We solve the mentioned model on several irregular domains and report simulation results.

In this paper, we present a switch based on coupling and resonance in thegraphene plate and rings operating at 10 THz. This structure consists of several layers ofHexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), SiO2 and P+Si, such that graphene plates and rings areinside the hBN layer. The terahertz wave is incident from the upper part of the switchand Surface Plasmons (SPs) are excited by the grating in the structure on the grapheneplate beneath the nano-aperture and moves towards the ports available on the left andright of the switch. At first, at the certain applied voltage, the SPs cross the left port andthis port is ON. With the increase in voltage and the change in the chemical potential,switching occurs and the SPs exit from the right and this port is ON while the left portturns OFF. The extinction ratio in this structure is 18dB and the size of the structure is1μm. Aforementioned benefits make this switch the best choice for using in integratedoptical circuits.

Among the theoretical approaches to stuttering, there is a general agreement that developmental stuttering is attributed to several factors related to speech, including emotional regulation. Accordingly, different theorists point to the importance of the role of negative attitudes toward speech and speech abilities in the onset, occurrence, and developmet of stuttering. Considering that the culture of a group can influence the attitude to speech, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the communicative attitude of 8-15 year-old students who stutter (SWS) in Babol city and studying the effect of age and sex on their attitude scores.

The current descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 261 individuals. The participants were students with stuttering who were selected via multi-stage sampling from among students in Babol city. First, the teachers introduced SWS and then their nonfluency frequency analysis was carried out. After comfirmation of stutter detection, communicative attitudes test (CAT) was performed on each participant and the attitude score of each person was obtained.

The mean of attitude score of SWS girls and boys were 22.5±7.46 and 22.71±7.98, respectively. Attitude score of SWS had no significant difference between the two sexes and between eight age groups (p>0.05). Regarding the simultaneous effect of these two variables on attitude scores, there was a significant difference in the attitude score of male and female students in each eight age group (p=0.03).

According to the results, although the mean score of attitude score in SWS is in the middle class, attention to the aspect of communicative attitude in assessing, treatming, and planning of SWS, especially in 12-year-old students, is important and necessary.

The main aim of the current paper is to propose an upwind local radial basis functions-finite difference (RBF-FD) method for solving compressible Euler equation. The mathematical formulation of chemically reacting, inviscid, unsteady flows with species conservation equations and finite-rate chemistry is studied. The presented technique is based on the developed idea in [58]. For checking the ability of the new procedure, the compressible Euler equation is solved. This equation has been classified in category of system of advection-diffusion equations. The solutions of advection equations have some shock, thus, special numerical methods should be applied for example discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods. Moreover, two problems are given that show the acceptable accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

A meshless numerical technique is proposed for solving the generalized variable coefficient Schrodinger equation and Schrodinger-Boussinesq system with electromagnetic fields. The employed meshless technique is based on a generalized smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach. The spatial direction has been discretized with the generalized SPH technique. Thus, we obtain a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Also, it is clear in the numerical methods for solving the time-dependent initial boundary value problems, based on the meshless methods, to achieve the high-order accuracy the temporal direction must be solved using an effective technique. Thus, in the current paper, we apply the fourth-order exponential time differenceing Runge-Kutta method (ETDRK4) for the obtained system of ODEs. The aim of this paper is to show that the meshless method based on the generalized SPH approach is suitable for the  treatment of the nonlinear complex partial differential equations. Numerical examples confirm the efficiency of proposed scheme.

Major management decisions in organizations not only in the present but also in the future have a profound impact on different aspects of the organization. A slight mistake in making decisions may lead to the loss of resources of the organization, including financial and human resources. In the present study, we evaluated the problem of choosing the most convenient location for the construction of hospitals and health centers as one of the most important issues in the field of health. Regarding the numerous factors in decision making and the myriad of possible solutions to this problem and also disability of human in solving such problems, a genetic optimization algorithm has been used to calculate the best location for the construction of hospitals.
This study was simulated according to the actual conditions which may exist in a city. Given the existence of a city with N × N dimensions and having several hospitals and health centers in the city, the issue was raised for the construction of three hospitals. Important factors which could influence the decision making were health status, referring times and land prices. Furthermore, the most proper locations for the construction of three hospitals were calculated using the genetic algorithm.
Three characteristics including the level of health, referring times and land prices were randomly assigned to all urban areas. The coordinates of available health centers in the city were also identified. Another point was the lack of proximity of hospitals in the city. Setting the threshold of 0.2 units for the minimum distance between hospitals (current and new), this restriction was applied. After performing the algorithm with the governing conditions, three optimal points were found.
Considering the importance of locations for the construction of hospitals and health centers in the city and the existence of various factors for selecting the most appropriate place, application of strategies and algorithms which may be helpful in finding the best solution among the myriad of solutions in inevitable. According to the fact that human beings alone or by simple mathematical methods are not capable of taking all the features together and examine the search space to find the best result, we achieved the best solution in the city by setting the parameters of the genetic algorithm and taking into account all important factors.

Target coverage is one of the important problems in visual sensor networks. The coverage should be accompanied with an efficient use of energy in order to increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we address the maximum lifetime for visual sensor networks (MLV) problem by maximizing the network lifetime while covering all the targets. For this purpose, we develop a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm that divides the sensors’ Field-of-View (FoV) to a number of cover sets and then applies a sleep-wake schedule for cover sets. We also identify the best possible FoV of sensors according to the targets’ location using rotating cameras, to reduce the solution space and approaching to a near-optimal solution. Our proposed energy and neighbor generating functions of the SA result in a balanced distribution of energy consumption as well as escaping from local optima. We conduct some simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed method by comparing with some well-known solutions in the literature.

In this research to investigate of the effect of tannin`s type and level on rumenal degradation of soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM), two experiments have be done. At first experiment supplements were treated by semi-pure tannin of pomegranate-pistachio (PP), in different levels (0, 10 and 15 % of DM for SBM and 0, 5 and 10% of DM for CM). In second experiment, these supplements were treated by (PP), pomegranate-tea (PT) and sole pomegranate (P) at same levels (10% of DM). The effects of these treatments on protein fractioning of treated and untreated SMB and CM was determined by, CNCPS system, in comparison with fish meal (FM) and corn gluten meal (CGM), as a sources of bypass protein. According to results, treated SBM by PP 10% (SBM-PP) and treated CM by PP5% could increase bypass protein fraction in comparison with FM and CGM. So it can be concluded that these treatments, could be used in reminant diet to provide by pass protein, but further research is necessary to investigate in vivo effects of these treatments.