فهرست مطالب mehdi hosseini

In this study, a solvent-based method to the microextraction of Hg(II) ions is described, relying on the use of a synthesized/characterized imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL), specifically 1-methyl-2-hexylthioimidazolium chloride ([C1C6Sim][Cl]), as a task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL) or a functionalized ionic liquid (FIL). The synthesized TSIL underwent characterization through 1HNMR and FTIR analyses. The TSIL, chelated with Hg(II) ions in the aqueous phase to form a hydrophilic Hg-TSIL complex, which was subsequently converted into a hydrophobic Hg-TSIL complex through anion exchange reactions using sodium tetrafluoroborate. To assess the microextraction method capability in analyzing real samples with complex matrices containing Hg(II) ions, the experimental conditions need to determined, followed by the determination the Hg(II) concentration values using cold-vapor flame atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-FAAS). Based on the obtained results, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.015 ng ml-1 and 0.078 ng ml-1, respectively. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD%) for intra-day and inter-day measurements over seven replicates, was found to be 1.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Furthermore, a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.1–80 ng ml-1 was achieved. The optimized conditions facilitated evaluating the method validity. Ultimately, the method validity was confirmed through its successful utilization in determining of Hg(II) ions in various real water and wastewater samples.

Mindfulness programs and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), particularly of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are increasingly used for therapeutic purposes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DLPFC stimulation compared to mindfulness exercises on cognitive performance in children with ADHD.

In this quasi-experimental study, 45 children with ADHD participated in a between-group design (mindfulness program, DLPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation) with two measurement phases (pre-test and post-test). All subjects underwent 15 intervention sessions according to their respective group. At various stages, participants were tested on cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and working memory (Wechsler Intelligence Scale).

The results of the composite analysis of variance showed significant main effects of time, group, and the time-group interaction for the research variables, including cognitive flexibility (perseverative error and total error) and working memory. Post hoctest results indicated that the DLPFC stimulation group had significantly better scores in cognitive flexibility (perseverative error and total error) and working memory compared to the mindfulness group.

Hypoactivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex underlies executive function deficits in individuals with ADHD, and transcranial direct current stimulation increases activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through anodal stimulation.

 Efficient and coherent transfer of population between different quantum states. In this study, we delve into the investigation of population transfer in two coupled Λ-type three-level systems using the STIRAP technique. Our research focuses on understanding the dynamics and control of population transfer within these systems. The system Hamiltonian is constructed based on the physical condition of the coupled structure, then the respective time-dependent Schrodinger equation is solved numerically. By analyzing the adiabatic conditions, we explore the interaction between the two coupled Λ-type systems examine the role of various parameters, such as the time of the peak amplitude, and determine the pulse width. Furthermore, we observe the impact of interaction on the transition probability, comparing coupled systems to uncoupled systems. The findings of this study shed light on the underlying mechanisms of STIRAP and contribute to the development of advanced quantum control techniques.

Problem Definition: 

In his philosophical components, Mulla Sadra expressed elegance in such a way that the influence of these thoughts was reflected in the artworks of the Safavid era, especially in the "Isfahan Painting School". The most important artistic trend of this school was formed by Reza Abbasi and his students; in their works, motifs and topics related to the surrounding world and the cultural-artistic society of that time can be seen. In terms of the use of visual elements as well as the content, it corresponds to the philosophical-mystical components of Mulla Sadra, especially in the viewpoints related to beauty and love. The paintings and Muraqqa pieces attributed to Reza Abbasi and his followers form the statistical community of the present research, which are studied to evaluate how the "philosophical components of Mulla Sadra" appear in the paintings of the Isfahan school. The question of the research is: "What is the relationship between the philosophical components of Mulla Sadra and Isfahan school painting in terms of elegance by focusing on Isfahan school painting works"?

 The present study aims to discover the elegance hidden in the illustrated works of the Isfahan school of painting and to match them with Mulla Sadra's views on beauty.

 This study applies a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach, which was done by collecting library-documentary data. The statistical population includes a selection of the most distinguished paintings and Muraqqas of the Isfahan school, which were created by Reza Abbasi and his students.

The obtained data shows the elements used in the paintings and Muraqqas attributed to Reza Abbasi and his students are a reflection of elegance in both form and content, which can be traced to the mystical philosophical components of Mulla Sadra. In these works, the external and internal beauties, some of which are shown as codes and symbols, show the social-cultural situation of the Safavid period and the philosophical-mystical thoughts of that time. In other words, the works of Reza Abbasi and his students, as an outstanding example of the Isfahan school of painting, are related to the components of Mullah Sadra in terms of elegance.

Fracture toughness is one of the most important properties of concrete that controls the conditions for crack propagation and ultimately concrete failure. This research uses the Brazilian disk test to prediction of crack propagation and fracture toughness in ordinary concrete samples without micro-silica and lime powder and ordinary concrete samples containing micro-silica and lime powder has been investigated. Micro-silica replaces 10% by weight of cement and limestone powder replaces 5% by weight of cement. The crack propagation process was investigated from pre-existing cracks in the specimens as well as fracture toughness in modes I, II and hybrid mode I-II. Fracture toughness tests have been performed on Brazilian disk specimens at angles of 0, 15, 28.83, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees relative to the pre-existing crack direction. After laboratory studies, it was found that the onset of fin cracks at angles less than 60 degrees (0 <α <60) occurs from the pre-existing crack tip and approaches the loading direction by continuing to load and propagate the crack path. However, for angles of 60 degrees or greater, the crack starts at a distance d from the tip of the crack. This distance is more in ordinary concrete samples without micro-silica and limestone powder than in ordinary concrete samples containing micro-silica and limestone powder. Samples containing micro-silica and limestone powder have higher fracture toughness of modes I, II and mixed state (I-II) than samples without micro-silica and limestone powder.

Large magnetic resistance has been widely considered due to its many applications in various fields, including the manufacture of magnetic sensors. An important case of this type of resistance is the linear magnetoresistance caused by the inhomogeneity of charge distribution. The magnetoresistance of heterogeneous conductors is simulated by the two-dimensional resistance network model. In the network model, the resistance unit of a homogeneous circular disk with four current terminals and the potential difference between the terminals is considered, and the currents and potential differences are connected to each other by means of the impedance matrix, and the magnetic field is perpendicular to the lattice. In this work, we study and investigate the changes in magnetoresistance for a network including two subsystems with different resistances with a diagonal arrangement. The results show that the changes in the magnetic resistance of the heterogeneous system depend on the resistance ratio of the two materials as well as the location of the boundary between them. In addition, it was observed that for large values ​​of the resistance ratio or high inhomogeneity, there is the possibility of the existence of a peak of resistance variation.

This work investigates the effect of adding micro-silica as a pozzolan and a replacement for part of concrete cement when placing concrete in an acidic environment. Two types of ordinary concrete and concrete-containing micro-silica are constructed. The specimens are subjected to 0, 1, 5, and 10 cycles for two hours inside two types of acidic water containing sulfuric and nitric acid with pH = 3 and normal water with pH = 7. Mechanical properties including Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength, and physical properties including effective porosity, water absorption, and the longitudinal wave velocity of specimens are determined after the mentioned number of cycles. Thr results show that by decreasing the pH and increasing the number of cycles, the effective porosity and water absorption increase, and the velocity of longitudinal waves, Brazilian tensile strength, and uniaxial compressive strength of concrete decrease. Replacing 10% of micro-silica as a part of concrete cement has boosted the durability of concrete in corrosive conditions containing sulfuric and nitric acid more than ordinary concrete.

A simple, green, precise, and sensitive method to determine trace amounts of Methyl parathion in aqueous solutions was used. In situ solvent formation microextraction based two components solvent system containing organic and aqueous phases. The organic phase contains hydrophilic ionic liquid namely 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Hmim][Cl] and the aqueous phase contains an analyte of Methyl parathion. After mixing of two phases, the maximum mass transfer of the analyte from aqueous to organic phase was occurred and finally separation of phases use counter ion namely lithium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl) imide. By adding of counter ion, hydrophilic ionic liquid [Hmim][Cl] caused anion exchange converted to hydrophobic ionic liquid [Hmim][NTF2] and phase separation was possible. Analyte enriched in organic phase after thermal desorption by using gas chromatography-flame photometry detection was determined. Effective parameters on extraction such as pH of the aqueous phase, amounts of ionic liquid, and the amount of counter-ion was evaluated and optimized. Figures of merit such as precision in the form of percent Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for 7 replicate measurements equal to 1.2%, quantity Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.39 µg/L, enrichment factor of 125, and linear range of 10-150 µg/L were obtained. Finally, the method was used successfully to determine amounts of methyl parathion in different aqueous and saline samples.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia occurs in 60-80% newborns in the first few days of birth, in most cases, jaundice is physiologic and usually improves without treatment. Bloodletting is the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Recently the Bloodletting is one of the common treatments for neonatal jaundice. In this review study, we have evaluated medical articles and narrative books (hadiths) for the application of this method in neonatal jaundice. In this systematic review we evaluated PubMed databases, Cochrane, Google Scholar, collaboration library, SID, Magiran, and narrative books (hadiths) with the subject of cupping and Bloodletting were included in the study 1983 and September 2019. In this study, all of articles with the title “Bloodletting“, "cupping" and “Wet cupping”, “Dry cupping”, “Air trapping”, “Scarification”, “Hejamat”, “ear cupping” and the abstracts of the articles presented in the conferences were studied. Then, in the evaluation stage of the articles, all the studies unrelated to the issue were excluded from the research. Also, in this study, all Shia and Sunni hadith sources and the Holy Qur'an were evaluated. The evaluation of hadiths was carried out by Jama Al-Ahadith software, which is a collection of Shia and Sunni hadith books. We assessed 1120 articles related to Bloodletting, none of which were related to neonatal jaundice and Bloodletting. Cupping is a therapeutic method that dates back thousands of years. Bloodletting by scarification was an accepted practice in Ancient Egypt. In Greece, bloodletting was in use in the 5th century BC. "Bleeding" a patient to health was modeled on the process of menstruation. During the Roman Empire, the Greek physician Galen, who subscribed to the teachings of Hippocrates, advocated physician-initiated bloodletting. The popularity of bloodletting was reinforced by the ideas of Galen. In our study in Shiite and Sunni narrations, only two narrations recommended infant Bloodletting after four months just for prevention. According to our finding there is no article or narration that recommended Bloodletting for neonatal jaundice.

Cake from hot-filtrate of zinc production industries containing about 16-24% of zinc and harmful metals such as cobalt, which it releases to environment caused to the harmful effects. These pollutions are one of the main concerns of this industry so the goal of present work is cobalt impurity cementation method and reuse of zinc recovery.

The work is containing three steps leaching of hot-filtrate cake, optimization of affective parameters on process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and removal of cobalt impurity. Using RSM necessary experiments was designed and finally optimum conditions were determined.

Using Design of Expert (DOE) software parameters such as temperature, zinc powder amount, contact time and additive concentration of antimony trioxide were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the most impressive are belonged to zinc powder amount, temperature, time and additive concentration, respectively. Optimum conditions for cobalt removal containing temperature of 84 C°, concentration of 12.74 g L-1 for zinc powder, contact time of 118 min and concentration of 22.28 mg L-1 were obtained. At these conditions, cobalt impurity amount is reached to the allowed limit for electrolysis process and can be recovery of zinc from obtained solution.

 Using cementation method about 75% of zinc in cake was recovery and cobalt impurity was removed and finally, obtained zinc solution was conducted to the zinc production route. Furthermore, addition of dissolving environmental problems from cake, recovery of zinc and cobalt from the point of economical was important.

Therefore, the effect of the freeze-thaw process on the physical and mechanical properties of materials should be taken into account in areas with the risk of this process. In this study, the effect of freezing-thawing process on the mode I and mode II fracture toughness and the strength parameters of travertine have been investigated. For this purpose, to investigate the effect of freeze-thaw process on the mode I and mode II fracture toughness, the specimens were affected by 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 freeze-thaw cycles and the fracture toughness of the specimens using cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc was determined. To investigate the effect of freeze-thaw on the strength parameters of travertine, the samples were subjected to confining pressure of 0, 2.5 and 5 MPa. Also, microscopic studies were performed to more accurately evaluate and evaluate the structural changes of the samples due to the application of freeze-thaw cycles and their texture changes. The results show that with increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the mode I and mode II fracture toughness decreases exponentially and also, cohesion and internal friction angle decrease. And microscopic studies show that the microcracks in the rock have expanded due to freeze-thaw and new cracks have formed.

The increasing use of concrete and easy access to these materials has led to its use in a variety of environments. Concrete structures in areas with high corrosion rates cause irreparable damages. Therefore, studying concrete and improving its capabilities, which is favorable in these conditions, is very important. In this study, the effect of corrosion conditions caused by chlorine ion and sodium sulfate salt on concrete containing zeolite powder and micro silica as an alternative to the weight percentage of concrete cement has been investigated. In this study, after creating three types of ordinary concrete, concrete containing zeolite powder and concrete containing micro-silica, physical properties of concrete including effective porosity, weight loss percentage, water absorption, and longitudinal wave velocity, as well as mechanical properties including uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength concrete has only been studied. In this study, pozzolanic concrete with a percentage of replacing 10% of zeolite powder or micro-silica instead of cement; Sodium sulfate and chlorine ion were set in a corrosive medium for 15 days, and the results were compared with non-corrosive water conditions. The results of this study show that concretes containing pozzolanic micro-silica or zeolite powder performed better in corrosive and non-corrosive environmental conditions than ordinary concrete. In samples containing pozzolans including micro-silica and zeolite powder with effective porosity, water absorption decreased, and longitudinal wave velocity, tensile and compressive strength increased compared to ordinary concrete. Also, in the presence of corrosive water conditions containing chlorine ion and sodium sulfate salt, concrete containing zeolite powder had the best performance compared to the two types of ordinary concrete and concrete containing micro-silica.

In the present paper, for the first time, the contact problem of a rigid cylindrical indenter and a laminated composite beam is solved using an assumed contact stress approach. Results are presented for contact force - contact length relation and contact stresses. Then, the results of the analysis are generalized to determine the low velocity impact response. The close agreement observed between the present results and those which existed in the literature, confirms the validity and the accuracy of the present analysis. Performing a parametric study, the effects of some important parameters on the indentation and the low velocity impact responses of the composite beam are investigated and discussed. The results reveal that the lay-up [90/90 90/90] gives the maximum contact length and the minimum contact pressure, but, conversely, the lay-up [0/0/0/0] produces the minimum contact length and the maximum contact pressure. The results of the present research can be of great importance in the design and application of layered composite beams.

In this paper, the free vibration behavior of functionally graded thin elliptical plates with simply supported and clamped boundary conditions is investigated using classical laminated plate theory. In contrast to previous studies, the geometry of the plate is considered to be as elliptical and in a more general form as super elliptical. Also, it is assumed that the considered plate is subjected to boundary in-plane preload and is rested on Winkler-type elastic foundation. It is assumed that the mechanical properties of the functionally graded plate vary continuously through the thickness according to a power law of the volume fraction of the constituents. The governing equations of motions are derived by employing the variational approach. The obtained equations are solved using Ritz method. In addition to the analytical modeling, for comparison, the problem is also modeled and analyzed numerically by using finite element software Abaqus. Correctness and accuracy of the present analytical model is confirmed through comparing the present analytical results by the results existed in the literature and by the present numerical results. After that, doing parametric study, the effects of some important parameters such as the boundary conditions, the in-plane forces, the plate geometry and the power-law index on the vibration behavior of the plate are studied and discussed. The results presented in this research are of great importance in design and application of the functionally graded elliptical plates.

Parviz Tanavoli is one of the most prominent Iranian sculptor artists and one of the founders of the Saqqakhaneh movement. He is the creator of many works of art inside and outside Iran, especially in the field of sculpture, which the study of these works reveals his preoccupation with traditional Iran. This study intends to provide an interdisciplinary reading of Parviz Tanavoli’s volumes with the psychological approach of Charles Mauron and to identify the hidden and unstudied layers of his works and, more importantly, to recognize his “personal myth”. His works, as a leading and creative artist, should have been criticized psychologically. Psychocritique is based on the knowledge of psychology and the basic principles of this knowledge and among the various streams of psychology, it is the most follower of Freudianism. Accordingly, it emphasizes on individual and personal unconscious pronouns. One of the most important figures of psychological criticism is Charles Mauron, who, as one of the founders of psychocritique criticism, identifies and introduces four stages for the study of art and literary works. The first step is to identify imaginary image networks: by collecting and studying all of the works of an artist, the formal networks of that artist are identified. At this stage, the critic seeks to identify the common elements of an artist’s works and extract their repetitive forms into research. The second step is to identify dramatic situations: networks of imaginary images lead the critic to some still images in the artist’s work. Images that manifest themselves in different forms and in different texts. The third step is to identify the author’s “personal myth”: by putting together these still images, the face of a large, hidden image that sometimes manifests itself is formed, which is the artist’s “personal myth.” In order to determine the personal mythology of each artist, one must refer to the mythology of the artist’s own culture, and from the set of myths in each artist’s culture, it is merely one of his personal mythology. The last step is to assess the authenticity of the “personal myth” with the study of the artist’s biography: Finally, to be more confident about the result of the criticism, the results obtained from the previous stages are matched with the artist’s biography. Mauron means more of his professional life than the artist’s life. My subscription chapter is social and I am creative and I am unaware that any artist in a professional life can be scouted, not in his personal life. With this approach in this paper, the question is, what effect does the artist’s mentality have on the dominant choice and content of his works? Is the artist directed towards his inner and unconscious consciousness with personal awareness? To answer these questions, the first part of the article first examines Charles Mauron’s psychometric approach and the four stages of his theory that lead to the discovery of the artist’s personal myth. In the second part of the article, using Mauron’s four steps, Tanavoli sculptures are reviewed step by step in order to achieve his personal myth. The present study is an interdisciplinary study and has used the “case study” method to analyze and understand the data. Case study is one of the most common qualitative research methods and has been conducted using documentary and library studies. Since the works of Tanavoli are very numerous and scattered in museums and public and private collections; Therefore, the authors’ priority has been to select works from books written by the artist himself. However, according to the theoretical framework of the research, all the works of the artist should be studied; But this was practically not possible due to the myriad and scattered statistical population of Tanavoli works. On the other hand, according to the second step of theoretical foundations, the critic seeks to find common metaphors of the artist’s works, so the authors have chosen repetitive themes and elements from among the diverse and numerous works of the artist; After collecting and filing the information, they organized the data to answer the research question. In addition to retrieving Tanavoli’s personal myth, this reading reveals the possibility of better understanding the works and the artist’s hidden view of the world around him and the unconscious pronoun affecting the creation of his works, an unconscious that indicates the artist’s belonging and inner searches to the indigenous and national roots, as well as the depth of the artist’s inner conversation with himself.

Soil-cement is a mixture of cement, water and soil that by compaction and hydration of cement , its components are joined together to form a compound with very low permeability , durable and abrasion resistant . Considering that the main applications of soil-cement as a base layer in road paving are sealing elements in earthen and concrete dams and foundation improvement, and since in recent years the addition of cement on mechanical parameters and The soil-cement physics has been investigated . In this study , the effect of adding different weight percentages of hemp fibers, polypropylene fibers and nanosilica to the soil-cement before and after successive melting and freezing cycles in shear and behavioral strength parameters . In this research, the sample soil of Nazarabad industrial town of Karaj was used . The measurement parameters in this research are different enclosing stresses, different processing times, different weight percentages of hemp fibers, propylene fibers and nanosilica and after successive melting and freezing cycles . This study is in Unreinforced non-drained triaxial test . The results indicate the improvement of behavioral and resistance parameters in all materials and increased durability after successive cycles of melting and freezing in samples containing nanosilica .

Concrete is the most widely-used material in civil engineering and often contains the cheapest and most common matter. It can therefore cause irreparable damages due to cracks and fractures. The creation of fibre-reinforced concrete in recent years has largely rectified the aforementioned shortcomings. This study uses the direct crack Brazilian disk test to evaluate fracture toughness and crack propagation in fibre-free and glass fibre concrete samples in 0.2, 0.35 and 0.5 volume percentages. Moreover, fracture toughness and crack propagation from pre-existing cracks were calculated for samples in mode I, mode II, and mixed mode (I-II). The samples were subjected to the Brazilian disk test at 0, 15, 28.83, 45, 60, 75 and 90-degree angles relative to the pre-existing crack’s trajectory. Laboratory investigations showed that the wing crack at sub 75-degree (0<α <75) angles was initiated from the pre-existing fracture’s tip and approached loading trajectory as the load on the crack growth and propagation trajectory continued. At the same time, crack initiation at 75-degree angles and above begins at a distance of d from the tip, which is greater in fibre-free samples. The results also showed that using 0.2% glass fibre in mode I, II and mixed mode (I-II) resulted in a higher fracture toughness than fibre-free samples.

The disparity in agricultural production unit performance is a critical and fundamental issue that necessitates the implementation of required programs and policies to ensure an equilibrium in the distribution of resources and seeds in order to increase efficiency. Enhancing efficiency can result in economic growth and development in the agricultural sector, as well as rural development. In recent years, the potato has been regarded as the dominant crop in Kabodarahang; policy formulation based on production efficiency has become a necessity, given the importance of production and the rational use of seeds in potato production. Thus, the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of production units were determined under uncertain conditions using various level-cut and fuzzy data envelopment analysis methods for potato farms in Kabodarahang; the most efficient units were selected. The result indicates that 14% of producers are efficient or near-efficient. Additionally, 75% of producers operate at a level of efficiency between 70% and 100%. In total, unit 6 is the most productive and stable of the other units. As a result, this unit is chosen as the best producer. Efficiency analysis at various levels reveals that producers operate at a high level of efficiency. Therefore, to increase production, manufacturing technology should be enhanced. Thus, politicians and policymakers should take into account new technologies for planting, growing, and harvesting.

Easy and selective separation of lithium ions from other self-accompanying ions in nature such as magnesium, it is still a challenge for researchers due to their similar chemical properties. Here, the simple in situ solvent extraction method (ISFME) derived from the homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method (HLLME) using ionic liquids as the organic phase is described. The organic phase containing ionic liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C6mim][PF6] and a phosphorous ligand (extracting agent) called n-tributyl phosphate (n-TBP). To optimize lithium ion extraction conditions, analytical parameters such as pH of the sample solution, amount of ionic liquid in the organic phase, ratio of organic to aqueous phase (O/A), amount of hexafluorophosphate anion as counter-ion and centrifugation conditions for phase separation were studied and optimized. Under the best conditions, the method is capable to extraction 95% of lithium ions in the presence of very high magnesium concentrations (about 100 times the concentration of lithium ions). The mechanism of lithium ion extraction by ionic liquid as well as the metal-ligand extraction ratio (1:1) have been investigated using conventional techniques such as ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is also the method was able to determination of lithium ions in different real samples, successfully.

Underbalanced drilling is in fact the best drilling method for oil reservoirs that their pressure has been reduced. This study aimed at obtaining a criterion for estimating the minimum and maximum underbalanced presUnderbalanced drilling is an advanced technology and a drilling operation in which the drilling fluid pressure inside the well is less than the pore pressure of sures of the drilling mud for enhancing oil recovery and preventing damages to the formations in the Iranian carbonate reservoirs. To this end, data on 13 wells in various Iranian oil fields were first collected. The oil wells were simulated at different drilling mud pressures with the help of the finite difference method (FDM)-FLAC2D. The elastoplastic normalized yielded zone area (NYZA) method was used for stability analysis and estimation of the minimum and maximum underbalanced pressures of the drilling mud. The NYZA diagram was plotted separately for each well. Considering the drilling mud pressures on the NYZA diagram in the range of NYZA=1 to the pore pressure, a minimum and maximum drilling mud pressure of NYZA=1 and NYZA=0.2 was calculated, respectively. Eventually, a correlation was proposed as a fraction of the pore pressure to estimate the minimum and maximum underbalanced pressures. This correlation is expressed as a factor or fraction of the pore pressure. The minimum and maximum underbalanced pressures of the drilling mud to enhance oil recovery and prevent damage to the formation can be estimated solely by inserting the pore pressure of the formation in this correlation.

In the present paper, the problem of low velocity impact of plates made from different configurations of ceramic, aluminum, steel and composite (S-glass polyester) is analyzed numerically using  Abaqus finite element software. The projectile is assumed to be a rigid body with a hemispherical head. Also, for ceramic layers, Holmquist constitutive model, for aluminum and steel layers, Johnson Cook behavioral model and for composite layer, three-dimensional Hashin model is used to model the material behavior. After doing the low velocity impact simulation for the composite target, comparing it with previous researches and ensuring the accuracy of the results, the low velocity impact simulation is performed for metal, ceramic and composite targets with different configurations. The results indicate that the target plate with ceramic-steel-composite configuration has the highest impact strength and the projectile penetration is reduced in this case.

Iranian painting has always been of interest to researchers and many of them believe that Iranian painting is the manifestation of the Imaginal world and the artist depicts it through the intuition of the Imaginal world and its preservation in the imagination. But recently, this theory has been criticized by some researchers and its drawbacks have been studied. The painting of the court of Kiomars by Sultan Mohammad in Shahnameh of shah Tahmasp as one of the most prominent works of Iranian painting is a suitable case for study and analysis and has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this article, the position of the Imaginal world in the analysis of The Court of Kiomars painting has been studied with a critical approach to the traditionalists' view on Iranian painting. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this painting, Sultan Mohammad has created an imaginary nature by combining warm and cold colors.  The colors in this picture are incredibly bright and pure. Most of the researchers believe that this painting is the manifestation of the Imaginal world. Most of these studies have interpreted Iranian painting based on the views of traditionalists and have followed their path. But reading paintings with this approach has its drawbacks. According to the results of this research, this painting can be considered on the border between abstraction and realism. Realism disappears in some visual elements and provides an opportunity to create an ideal world. Although many elements in this picture call the audience's mind to the Imaginal world, but it can not be considered as an example from the Imaginal world.Certainly, the field of research in Iranian painting is so vast that it is not possible to generalize a specific theory to all paintings. Each of the paintings are created in different conditions, and many factors have a great impact on the creation of a painting such as the artist's skill, his beliefs and adherence to mystical principles and painting, the client, the subject of the work, the space of creation, the available facilities, the pre-painting tradition, historical and cultural conditions and many other factors. So the analysis can’t be based on just one of these factors.Eventually, according to what has been said about the Imaginal world and Iranian painting, the Imaginal world can not take the form of a materialistic painting. After all, what is depicted is all about the material world and It is difficult for people to perceive the Imaginal world and it is not perceived by the senses. It takes a lot of struggle to reach a level where the forms of that world can be seen by the artist and Such a position can not be considered general for all painters. Also, due to the imaginative nature of the image, it can not be attributed to the Imaginal world and suspended forms.

An in-situ solvent formation microextraction technique as another attractive mode of homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction, was developed successfully for the sensitive extraction of cadmium ion. In this technique use green extracting solvent such as ionic liquids that are environment lover. So, because using ionic liquids, this technique is much safer than other extraction methods which use toxic common organic solvents. Functionalized ionic liquid of 3-(2-(bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)ethyl)-1-methylimidazolium bromide was used as extractant and organic phase which has double role including complexing agent and extractant, so to extraction of cadmium ion, not need to any complexing agent. To optimization of extraction conditions, several analytical parameters affected on microextraction efficiency including sample pH, functionalized ionic liquid dosage, counter-ion amount and centrifugation conditions were studied. To show abilities of the method, the figures of merits including limit of detection and quantification, relative standard deviation, linear dynamic range and enrichment factor were calculated and included 0.23 µg/L, 0.76 µg/L, 1.8%, 10-1500 µg/L and 75, respectively. It was found from results that the method was applied successfully for the determination of Cd (II) ion in several real, and saline samples. Because of use environmental solvents such as ionic liquids, and very small dosage of its, it can be said the method has low toxicity and classified as a green extraction/preconcentration technique. One the other hand, the presented method opens a new window in the analytical applications due to its costless, ease in experimental setup and use of non toxic solvents as an extractant.

Cadmium is one of the impurities to be removed from the electrolyte solution before zinc electrowinning. Removal of cadmium by cementation with zinc powder is diffusion-controlled. This study analyzed the parameters that effective the removal of cadmium by zinc powder from the point of view of molecular diffusion. Studies have shown that parameter changes can be easily justified by this mechanism, and a logical connection is raised between the theoretical issues and what is happening in reality.

The aim of this study is to identify the communication barriers to the development of medical and health tourism and also to design and test the conceptual model of these barriers according to the intercultural nature of medical and health tourism. Identifying the most important communication barriers to the development of medical tourism and health, designing a model of these barriers with structural interpretive modeling and finally, testing the hypotheses of this model in a sample of 150 people, are the three steps in this study. The results showed that the communication and cultural barriers to the development of medical and health tourism are: lack of knowledge, perceived linguistic differences, lack of trust, perceived cultural differences, prejudices and stereotypes. Also, provided that managers collect and categorize the factors affecting the concept of medical tourism and health, this issue can be a way for trustees and officials in the field of health in creating and increasing foreign exchange earnings for the country.