mohammad amini

Human beings (apart from religion and belief) have a superior status and aspects in creation that distinguish them from other beings. In religious teachings and the words of the infallible Imams, this exalted status of man can also be understood and his dignity realized. In Kant's view, the noumenon has an essence that is the source of his (or her) set of individual freedoms (rights), and these rights and freedoms are not limited to specific situations that others are only required to observe in some cases. In addition, Imam Ali's special attention to human freedom also indicates that such rights are rooted in human nature. Therefore, Both from the perspective of Imam Ali and in Kant's thought, the nature of man is not limited to a specific appearance and has another superior aspect. In Imam Ali's view, that superior aspect is rooted in divine nature, and in Kant's thought, it is from the perspective of the noumenon. Although the basis of this superiority in these two views is different from each other, it is nevertheless necessary that individuals, even for the accused, always take steps to observe certain rights such as the right to impartial judgment and respectful treatment, equality in proceedings, individual freedom, etc., which are rooted in the inherent dignity of man.

Events in one financial institution can affect other institutions. For this reason, systemic risk is of interest to risk analysts, and the most important methods of measuring it are the CoVaR and CoES. If there is a dependence between the returns of two financial institutions, Copula functions can be used to examine the structure of the dependence between them. Since return data are often  are unstable  over time, ARMA-GARCH time series models can be used to model variability. In this paper, CoVaR is evaluated for four copula functions, and then CoES are estimated based on that in ARMA-GARCH models with GED  distributions. Then, these two measures are calculated with the returns of  Tejarat and Mellat banks.

Nowadays, according to the need to respect the will of individuals, many regulations and international conventions are amended. Among the articles of the Civil Code of Iran, which states one of the rules of conflict resolution, is Article 963, which refers the resolution of disputes arising from personal and financial relationships of foreign couples with different citizenships to the law of the country of the man's nationality. In other words, in this article, according to the ruling spirit of the civil law, which states that the man is the head of the family, which many articles of the law have been drafted, he imposes the national law of the man on the woman. But the basic question of the current research is whether the legislator can, by adhering to this principle that is related to Islamic rights, establish regulations for foreigners who are not even Muslims in many cases and prefer the law of one of them over the other The authors, using a descriptive-analytical approach, first briefly examine the legal-jurisprudential scope of the husband's headship over the family, which has an effective contribution to the decision-making of the following sections, then analyze Article 963 of the Civil Code, and finally examine the law of France, which accepts the rule of common residence in such cases. It is clear that in Iranian law, there is a possibility of amending the conflict resolution rule of Article 963, and this change is not contrary to jurisprudence.

Supplier development (SD) activities are crucial in the automotive industry as they enhance the capabilities and performance of suppliers, ensuring a more efficient, reliable, and competitive supply chain. This paper aims to prioritize activities related to SD using the Best-Worst Method (BWM). 

 Three fundamental stages were conducted in this study. First, relevant studies were synthesized. SD activities were identified, and finally, through calculation of the CVR, 30 activities were classified into four categories. In the second stage, using the Best-Worst Method, a linear optimization model was formulated for the activities in each category. By solving these models, the weights of the identified activities for each of the four categories were obtained separately.

The main findings reveal that the highest priority activities identified by experts include “Evaluation of tangible supplier capabilities and feedback”, “Training and updating the supplier”, “Creating collaborative communications or partnerships”, and “Sharing environmental, ethical, and social responsibility information”. In the third stage, the obtained prioritization in each category was shared with experts, and their suggestions regarding the findings were documented and interpreted. The results indicate a strong preference for activities that support collaboration and capability enhancement over those focused on competition.

 The identified activities in this paper are comprehensive and can be utilized by the automotive industries of various countries. Additionally, the approach used, due to its novelty, simplicity of calculations, practicality, and compatibility with managers' subjective judgments, is expected to be well-received by researchers and especially by managers in the automotive industry and even other industries.

 This study underscores the importance of a structured approach to prioritizing SD activities within supply chains.

One of the important and fundamental concepts in the humanities and social sciences is the concept of culture, which encompasses a wide semantic range. Terminologically, this word has been used to refer both to customs and traditions, as well as to the set of sciences, knowledge, and arts of a people. Culture, in academic terms, has at least three dimensions: science and knowledge, way of life, and a set of specific customs and traditions rooted in the history of a society. Since culture is not inherent, it must be taught to the new generation. Cultural education is one of the most important concerns of educational systems, fostering a type of knowledge and competence in individuals known as cultural literacy. Cultural literacy is a key factor in the survival and sustainability of any society. In a culturally literate society, issues such as environmental pollution, social harm, and the destruction of cultural heritage have little opportunity to emerge. Moreover, a culturally literate individual possesses the ability to understand and respect diversity, reflect on their actions, and demonstrate tolerance, creativity, observance, adaptability, awareness, and openness to cultural artifacts-traits that indicate a conscious understanding of culture as a legible construct and foster a sense of empathy.At the same time, it is important to note that efforts to cultivate and promote the culture of society and its citizens, particularly the younger generation, are of considerable importance. Through such efforts, opportunities are provided for the growth, re-creation, and transmission of cultural elements. Clearly, this critical mission is the responsibility of educational systems. Education, as a social and cultural institution, plays a central role in the transmission, expansion, and advancement of culture, preparing learners to achieve a good life across all dimensions. If culture is defined as something that can be acquired, taught, and learned, then a set of organized efforts and activities should be designed and implemented to promote the cultural development of individuals across educational levels and courses. It should be emphasized that culture inherently has an educational and nurturing function, shaping values in society, and can even be considered the foundation of the educational system itself.One of the main functions of schools and educational centers, as cultural institutions reflecting cultural beliefs, folk traditions, moral values, and political structures, is to provide learning opportunities and experiences through which cultural values and norms are transmitted to students. In this way, adolescents and young people acquire knowledge of existing culture, develop positive emotions and attitudes toward it, and gain the necessary capabilities for its growth and development. In social science terminology, this is referred to as the acculturation function.

Therefore, given the importance of the cultural and social functions of the educational system and the realization of its goals across different grades, particularly in the second secondary school, this qualitative research aimed to examine and represent the most significant challenges of implementing cultural functions in this educational stage. The research employed a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of upper secondary school teachers in the academic year 1402-1403. Using purposive sampling, the lived and thought experiences of 28 teachers with more than ten years of work experience were selected as information sources, and their narratives on school cultural issues were recorded and analyzed. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The seven-stage Colaizzi method was employed to organize and analyze the data.

Overall, the results indicated that the implementation of cultural functions in secondary schools faces four primary challenges arising from the malfunctioning of the educational system, the family institution, cyberspace, and societal realities. Consequently, it is necessary to design and implement principled strategies and measures to address these four challenges and to create balance and coordination among the functions of various influential institutions. Such efforts are essential to improve the quality of cultural and social functions in secondary schools and to achieve the cultural objectives of the educational system.

Given the vital importance of the environmental problem and the necessity of a cultural perspective on it, this research sought to explore the challenges and problems of including environmental literacy in university curricula. The research was conducted in the field of environmental literacy and was an applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it was qualitative, of the type of content analysis and based on the experiences of a number of academic experts in the field of environment in Isfahan province.Using the purposeful sampling method, the views and experiences of 22 of them were collected and explored as informative sources. The research data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. Information was obtained according to the principle of theoretical saturation. In order to analyze and organize the information obtained from the research, the seven-step method of Collaizi was used. Overall, the findings of the research showed that the promotion of environmental literacy in the country's higher education is faced with two basic problems, i.e. structural challenges and implementation issues. Structural or fundamental challenges include things such as the lack of principled and accurate environmental policies in higher education, the lack of educational content and appropriate learning experiences in universities, the lack of an institutionalized culture in the field of the environment, and the neglect of environmental literacy in elementary school. On the other hand, the implementation problems of this field include issues such as the lack of professors and human resources specializing in environmental literacy in the university, indifference and lack of environmental concerns, extreme theorization of education and lack of laws. It is obvious that effective dealing with the mentioned challenges requires the policy making and precise planning of the university institution in the field of environmental education and based on that, scientific and calculated actions in this field.

The focus of this study is on the concentration trends of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants in Qom City and their connection to sand and dust storms. Shokohiyeh, Markaz Tahghighat, and Nirogah e Hararati stations data, including wind direction and speed, and present codes related to sand and dust storms were used for our analysis In addition, we used the Mann-Kendall trend test to examine the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at four air pollution-monitoring stations in Qom City including Modiriat e Bohran, Emam, Pol-e Hojjatieh, and Pardisan in Qom City during the available statistical period (2017-2024). The daily time series results for PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants show that the concentration of both pollutants is above the USEPA standard at all stations for a significant portion of the year.The highest concentration of PM2.5 was recorded at Emam and Modiriat-e-Bohran stations, reaching up to 500 µg/m³. The highest concentration of PM10 was recorded at Modiriat-e-Bohran station (up to 770 µg/m³), which is the closest pollution monitoring station to the internal dust sources of Qom Province, as well as the Pol-e-Hojjatieh station. Analyzing the time series of pollutants during holidays and non-holidays reveals a decrease in the concentration of both pollutants in holidays, particularly PM2.5. Both PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants showed an increasing trend at the Pardisan station during the spring season, as indicated by the Mann-Kendall test results. This behavior could be attributed to the blowing of westerly winds, leading to dust intrusion from the central sand and dust source in the province into this area, while this area's concentration of urban pollutants could also be caused by its proximity to Nirogah e Hararati. An examination of the number of polluted days with reported sand and dust storms shows that PM10 was recorded 75% of the time, while PM2.5 was recorded 31% of the studied period. The highest number of polluted days occurred in summer, followed by spring. By taking the easterly wind direction in summer and the westerly wind direction during the other three seasons in Qom City into consideration, it can be concluded that the pollution in Qom during summer is primarily caused by sand and dust emitted from the southeastern dust source.

The necessity of reduction in the emission of polluting gases and to preserve water resources are of the issues that highlight the importance of providing an approach for replacing fossil fuel power plants by renewable power plants. In this study, the capacity of the water and wastewater plants of the MARKAZI Province in constructing solar power plants was examined and analyzed in terms of contributing to the energy crisis of this province. In this regard, first, information on electricity consumption, area, geographical coordinates and characteristics of the area around all construction sites owned by the water and wastewater company was collected; then, by applying some environmental constraints, a total of 62 suitable construction sites with a total nominal power of 80 MW were determined. The power plants corresponding to these construction sites were designed using the PVsyst software, and the total annual production capacity and carbon emission reduction were obtained by this software. Next, three scenarios of the current situation, constructing 50 percent and constructing 100 percent of the existing capacity in the Water and Wastewater Company by the year 2030 were considered. Since the Shazand Thermal Power Plant is the main electricity producer in the province, the results were examined in each scenario from the perspective of environmental indicators such as corresponding fuel consumption and the amount of reduction in carbon dioxide emissions in this power plant. The results indicated the positive effect of implementing the second and third scenarios in reducing the fuel consumption of the Shazand Thermal Power Plant by 31 and 63 percent, respectively, compared to the current situation scenario. In addition, in terms of reduction in carbon emissions, the results indicated the carbon dioxide emissions reduced by 17 and 36 percent, respectively, in the second and third scenarios compared to the current situation.

In hermeneutics, which has undergone various phases, some thinkers like Schleiermacher view the interpreter's mission as an awareness of the author's individuality, while others, such as Gadamer (the leader of phenomenological hermeneutics), pursue true understanding within the interpretive horizon of the interpreter using a dialectical method. Principle 73 of the Iranian Constitution specifies the competent authority for interpreting ordinary laws, which is a legislative body (similar to Schleiermacher's hermeneutics), and also grants judges the authority to interpret in order to discern rights. Therefore, considering the legislator's provision for interpretation by judges, can one, when interpreting within the Iranian legal system, transcend the superficial layer of the law and reach the text beyond it according to Gadamer's hermeneutics This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and scrutinizing the existing legal logic based on Islamic Sharia, reveals that when interpreting laws derived from Sharia (including civil law and Islamic penal law), it is necessary for the interpreter to seek support from religious sources in their interpretive theory and cannot solely act according to their own mental horizon (regardless of the legislator's intent) while considering factors such as justice and fairness, as pursued in Gadamer's phenomenological hermeneutics.

Imamia jurisprudence, which is the source of inspiration for Iranian law, determines the rulings on various issues that humans face. The development of societies and progress in various areas of life have led to the emergence of new issues. What is expected of jurisprudence and law is to provide answers to the questions and demands of individuals regarding new issues, as far as they are related to their subject, in a manner appropriate to the conditions of time and place. Among the new issues that it has no precedent in the past centuries is artificial intelligence. The main question of the present study is whether, according to Imamia jurisprudence, it is possible to consider artificial intelligence as an independent personality and not just look at it as an object After studying jurisprudence and Iranian law, the authors concluded with a descriptive-analytical method that since the concept of a legal person has been accepted in jurisprudence for some topics and subjects, therefore, based on the conduct of the wise and the generality of the evidence, it is possible to attribute personality to artificial intelligence that is an emerging topic, and consider it a legal person. Also, in Iranian law and with regard to the e-commerce statute, personality recognition is possible for artificial intelligence. With personality recognition, artificial intelligence gains the capacity required to become an owner and take responsibility.

Investigating the problems and challenges faced by novice teachers in their field of work provides the necessary grounds for better understanding and taking necessary measures to solve them. The main goal of this research was to analyze the challenges of new teachers in the field of elementary education. The study was practical in purpose and qualitative in method, employing a phenomenological approach based on the analysis of lived experiences of 32 novice elementary teachers in Kashan.  Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and their experiences were collected and examined. Data collection was conducted via semi-structured in-depth interviews, which continued until reaching data saturation. Colaizzi's method was also used to analyze and organize the data. The findings showed that the most important problems faced by novice teachers could be classified in two overarching themes: Extracurricular  (structural or external) and Intracurricular (implementation) challenges. Subthemes of extracurricular challenges include weaknesses in Farhangian University’s curricula and educational programs, economic, administrative, and operational issues, deficiencies in elementary school textbooks, and interference by families. Subthemes of Intracurricular challenges encompass teaching and instructional issues, communication skill problems, and psychological issues of novice teachers. Developing and implementing a set of strategies to address these challenges can enhance the performance of elementary novice teachers.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the experiences of primary school teachers about the strengths and weaknesses of the descriptive evaluation and corrective solutions in this field.

The dominant method in this study was a qualitative approach based on phenomenological type. The study population consisted of primary teachers Aran Bidgol city that through purposive sampling, thirty of them were selected. Using semi-structured in depth interviews, intended data were collected. The obtained data and information were analyzed based on the seven-step method of Collaizi.Data were analyzed using coding techniques and three criteria of validity and acceptability, reliability and scalability approval was obtained.

The results showed that from viewpoints of elementary teachers, descriptive evaluation despite having the positive functions was faced with a series of fundamental and operational problems.

This research based upon theoretical and research foundations and the views of teachers, offers a series of suggestions in order to better function of descriptive evaluation and attainment of its intended objectives and raising effectiveness of educational system.

This study investigates the relationship between two key economic indicators: income and wealth. Despite apparent similarities in the behavior of these two variables, numerous instances highlight their differences and lack of complete correlation. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the dependency structure between individuals’ income and wealth using advanced statistical tools. To model the dependency between income and wealth, the copula function—an innovative tool in probability theory—has been employed. In this regard, various copula functions are examined, and the Clayton copula family along with the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula family are identified as the most suitable choices for the studied data. Additionally, the study introduces a new bivariate index based on the Total Time on Test (TTT) transform in the bivariate case, utilizing copula functions. This index is applied to real-world data on the income and wealth of Iranian households, and the results demonstrate a significant relationship between the two variables at the societal level. Therefore, it can be concluded that using this index in economic data reveals that the proposed bivariate TTT index can effectively represent the dependency structure between income and wealth. Furthermore, the use of Clayton and FGM copulas also shows a good fit with the empirical data.

Introduction:

The interpretation of legal texts is a structured and regulated process essential for maintaining consistency with the legislator's intended purpose and preventing subjective interpretations. This process employs specific tools that serve as guiding principles for interpreters, ensuring that the application of the law aligns with its original objectives. Many of these interpretative tools are rooted in conventional understanding—trusted by rational individuals in communication and not opposed by foundational legal principles—and are shared between the disciplines of Uṣūl al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and contemporary legal scholarship. Over time, additional tools have evolved within legal practice, such as the principle of interpreting laws in harmony with their underlying spirit.
     Linguistic principles are particularly critical in the interpretation of legal texts, as they aid in discerning the intent of the legislator. Central to these principles is the "Isalat al-Zohur" [Principle of Apparent Meaning], which posits that when a word or phrase holds multiple potential meanings, it should be interpreted according to the meaning favored among rational individuals. In jurisprudential terms, texts with such characteristics are referred to as "Zahir" [Prima Facie], while the preferred interpretation is termed "Zohur" [Apparent].
     This study focuses on situations where the legislative language is ambiguous or vague, and the apparent meaning does not sufficiently indicate the intended purpose. It explores the extent to which interpreters can consider superior interpretative elements—such as the spirit of the law, legislative intent, and rationality—to deviate from the prima facie meaning. The analysis extends to both civil and criminal law, examining whether distinctions exist between the two in terms of permissible interpretative strategies.

Research Question:

The primary questions this study seeks to address are:     In the context of legal interpretation where multiple meanings are possible, can interpreters legitimately consider the spirit of the law, legislative intent, and rationality as tools to deviate from the prima facie meaning of the legislator's words
     If affirmative, does the permissible extent of such deviation differ between civil and criminal law
     Specifically, within criminal law, what are the limitations imposed by interpretative principles on relying upon legislative intent to move beyond the prima facie meaning of the legislator’s language

Research Hypothesis:

The study hypothesizes that:     Superior interpretative elements can and should be employed to move beyond the prima facie meaning of legislative texts when ambiguity or vagueness is present.
     The extent to which interpreters may rely on these elements varies between civil and criminal law due to the differing underlying principles and objectives of these legal domains.
     In civil law, there is greater flexibility to consider legislative intent and the spirit of the law to achieve equitable outcomes.
     In contrast, criminal law, governed by the principle of legality and the need for legal certainty, imposes stricter limitations on deviating from the text's prima facie meaning, thereby restricting the use of superior interpretative elements.

Methodology & Framework, if Applicable:

This research adopts a doctrinal methodology complemented by a comparative approach. It involves a thorough analysis of legal texts, jurisprudential principles, and scholarly interpretations within both Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary legal systems. The study examines primary sources, including legislative texts, judicial decisions, and authoritative legal commentaries, to understand the application of the Principle of Apparent Meaning and its exceptions.
     The theoretical framework is built upon legal hermeneutics and the philosophy of law, focusing on the balance between textualism and purposivism in legal interpretation. By comparing civil and criminal law, the research highlights how different legal fields prioritize various interpretative tools based on their unique objectives and the values they seek to protect.

Results & Discussion:

The study reveals that the interpretative possibilities for the meaning of a legal or jurisprudential text can be categorized into three distinct types: "Nass" (explicit), "Ijmal" (ambiguity), and "Zohur" (apparent meaning). When the text is explicit [Nass], its meaning is clear, leaving no room for alternative interpretations. In cases of ambiguity [Ijmal], multiple meanings exist without any taking precedence, requiring the interpreter to resolve the uncertainty. The primary focus of this study, however, is on texts where one meaning is favored over others [Zohur], and how to achieve a stable and definitive interpretation of this apparent meaning.
     Despite the legislator's efforts to draft clear and unambiguous laws, ambiguities inevitably arise due to the complexities of language and the evolving nature of societal contexts. These ambiguities necessitate that interpreters play an active role in resolving them. The study emphasizes that interpreters should not rely on personal or unstable prima facie interpretations but should instead seek out the stable apparent meaning that aligns with the legislator's true intent. This approach ensures that interpretations remain consistent with the purpose and spirit of the law.
     The spirit of the law, legislative intent, rationality, and established interpretative principles emerge as crucial tools in guiding interpreters toward stable apparent meanings. By considering these superior interpretative elements, interpreters can move beyond the prima facie meaning when it contradicts the legislator's true objectives. This process allows for a more nuanced understanding of the law that aligns with its intended purpose rather than a superficial reading of its text.
     In civil law, the flexibility to consider these interpretative tools is more pronounced. Interpreters are encouraged to conduct narrow interpretations that ensure alignment with the legislative purpose. By doing so, they can reach conclusions that reflect the legislator's true intent, promoting justice and equity within the legal system. The use of superior interpretative elements in civil law supports the dynamic application of legal principles to complex and evolving societal situations.
     Conversely, in criminal law, the study highlights a stricter approach due to the principles of legality and legal certainty. Expanding the scope of criminal liability based on personal or unstable prima facie interpretations is categorically forbidden. This prohibition is grounded in the need to protect individual rights and prevent unjust punishment for behaviors not explicitly prohibited by law. The principle of narrow interpretation in criminal law mandates that when there is a conflict between the spirit of the law and established interpretative principles, the latter must take precedence to uphold the rule of law and protect against arbitrary interpretations.
     An important exception in criminal law is identified in the context of leniency and moderation provisions. The principle of "interpretation in favor of the accused" allows interpreters to expand the scope of certain criminal provisions to benefit the defendant. By keeping in mind, the purpose behind leniency and mitigating provisions, interpreters can support the legislator's goal of providing relief, thereby enhancing the fairness and humanity of the criminal justice system.
     The study also underscores the need for civil and criminal laws to incorporate guidelines for structured interpretation based on legal logic. Such guidelines would address the critical need for consistent judicial interpretation of ambiguous statutory language. By establishing clear interpretative frameworks, the legal system can reduce judicial disparity and promote uniformity in rulings across courts.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study affirm that superior interpretative elements—such as the spirit of the law, legislative intent, rationality, and established principles—are essential in achieving stable and definitive interpretations of legal texts when ambiguities arise. In civil law, these tools provide interpreters with the flexibility to align their interpretations closely with the legislator's true intent, fostering equitable outcomes and reflecting the dynamic nature of societal needs.
     In criminal law, however, the application of these interpretative elements is more constrained to uphold the principles of legality and legal certainty. Except in cases involving leniency and moderation provisions, interpreters must adhere strictly to the established interpretative principles, avoiding any expansion of criminal liability beyond what is explicitly stated in the law. This approach safeguards individual rights and maintains the integrity of the legal system.
     The study concludes that incorporating structured interpretative guidelines into civil and criminal laws is imperative. Such guidelines would enhance consistency in judicial interpretations, reduce disparities across courts, and ensure that the application of the law remains faithful to its intended purpose. By embracing a methodological approach to legal interpretation, the legal system can better navigate the complexities of ambiguous language and evolving societal contexts.

This paper presents a bivariate distribution that improves the Marshall-Olkin exponential shock model. The new construction method enhances the model’s capacity to include a common joint shock across components, making it especially suitable for reliability and credit risk assessments. The model features a single component and supports negative dependence structures. We investigate the key dependence properties and conduct a stress-strength analysis. After evaluating the performance of the parameter estimator,  chemical engineering data is analyzed.

Valve replacement is an optional treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and is associated with a better prognosis and improved quality of life. However, surgical valve replacement may result in severe complications, especially in the elderly. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for treating symptomatic aortic stenosis has expanded exponentially, becoming a therapeutic option for intermediate- and high-risk patients. To thoroughly examine and monitor its practices and improve outcomes, our TAVI center in Isfahan established a detailed registry as the primary center for the TAVI procedure. This prospective study was conducted among all patients who underwent the TAVR procedure from September 2022 to December 2023 in Isfahan. Baseline characteristics (demographic, clinical, and procedural), 30-day outcomes, and one-year mortality data were collected. A total of 50 patients underwent the TAVI procedure in Isfahan during our registry. Of these, 56% were male, and the mean age was 77.8 ± 6.7 years. The mean calculated STS score was 5.6. Cardiac death occurred in 4 patients (8%), one (2%) experienced a major vascular complication, 5 (10%) required new pacemaker implantation, and acute kidney injury was observed in 14%. Fever/sepsis occurred in 16%, cardiac tamponade in 6%, one patient (2%) had moderate AI, two patients experienced coronary obstructions, and one suffered a major cerebrovascular accident. Additionally, 4 patients (8%) developed atrial fibrillation, 1 (2%) had ventricular tachycardia, and 6 (12%) experienced AV block. We have shown good both 30-days outcome and one year mortality in our registry that could be a proper option in treating severe AS with comorbidities instead of surgical aortic valve replacement.

Lung cancer (LC) is a common life-threatening malignancy in humans. Cisplatin has been widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer. miR-383 is dysregulated in multiple cancers, and participates in tumorigenic processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of miR-383 and cisplatin in LC.

A549 cells were treated with cisplatin and miR-383 separately or in combination. Cell viability, apoptosis induction, stemness features, migratory capacity, and autophagy were measured by various methods. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, stemness, and migration.

The results demonstrated that miR-383 transfection in A549 cells increased their chemosensitivity to cisplatin, enhancing cisplatin-induced apoptosis (from 11.28% to 37.86%). This effect was mediated by regulating key genes such as Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 (P<0.0001). Moreover, the combination of miR-383 and cisplatin synergistically reduced cell migration and colony formation. It also downregulated metastatic and stemness-related genes, including MMP-2 and CD44, respectively (P<0.0001).

The findings indicate that the combination treatment of miR-383 and cisplatin suppressed cell proliferation, migration and colony formation while enhancing the sensitivity of A549 cells to chemotherapy compared to monotherapy. These results suggest that miR-383 combination therapy warrants further investigation as a potential strategy for LC treatment.

Given the expansion of numerous applications of artificial intelligence in the daily activities of human societies and the ethical obstacles that may arise in this direction, the need for a detailed and comprehensive examination of these issues is felt more than ever. Therefore, this study was developed with the aim of examining the challenges of ethical use of artificial intelligence technology.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. Library methods, searching through electronic sources, and field study were used to collect data. In the field method, a questionnaire was used. The research community is experts and specialists in the field of artificial intelligence, 15 of whom were selected through purposive sampling (snowball sampling). By reviewing the literature, 6 obstacles related to the ethical use of artificial intelligence were identified; the DEMATEL method and Excel and MATLAB software were used to analyze the data and evaluate the cause-and-effect relationships between the obstacles.

The results show that among the 6 identified barriers (lack of accountability, lack of transparency, lack of legal regulations, possibility of bias and discrimination, violation of data privacy, and violation of social justice and livelihood of individuals), the barrier of lack of transparency, followed by the lack of legal regulations, are considered to be the most important and influential barriers to the ethical use of AI. Also, the barriers of data privacy violation and violation of social justice and livelihood of individuals were identified as the most influential barriers among the aforementioned barriers.

The findings of this study indicate the importance and causal relationships governing the existing barriers to the ethical use of AI and can help experts and managers in this field in designing AI systems and making decisions in order to comply with ethical principles.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as a serious global issue and is presently ranked second in the classification of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, with fast incidence and high mortality patterns. As the key "gene expression regulators", miRNAs critically contribute to tumor progression and development. For example, miR-21 (an oncomiR) and miR-143 (a tumor suppressor) are dysregulated through colorectal tumorigenesis. Accordingly, this study assesses the concomitant therapeutic impacts of "miR-21 suppression" (anti-miR-21) and "miR-143 restoration" (miR-143) on CRC cell proliferation and migration.

SW-480 cell lines (with overexpressed "miR-21" and downregulated "miR-143") were transfected via "anti-miR-21" and "miR-143" mimics, either independently or in combination. Next, cell viability assessment was performed through MTT assay. Then, apoptosis induction was examined with "Annexin V-FITC Kit", and via Propidium Iodide (PI) assay and DAPI staining. In the next step, "cell cycle condition" and "autophagy induction" were studied through flow cytometry. "Wound-healing assay" and "clonogenic assay" were employed to investigate the migration and proliferation of tumor cells. Ultimately, qRT-PCR was utilized to quantify the intensity of the effects of "anti-miR-21" and "miR-143" on gene expression profiles.

Downregulation of "miR-21" expression and overexpression of "miR-143" were found to synergistically reduce the viability (while elevating apoptosis) of SW-480 cells by modulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression profiles. Combined therapy increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 phase and reduced cell proliferation by modulating expression levels of PTEN and AKT-1. Additionally, miR-21 suppression and miR-143 restoration concomitantly reduced cell migration by modulating the expression of MMP-9.

Considering anti-cancer effects on cell growth, survival, and migration, it can be concluded that the concomitant suppression of "anti-miR-21" and "miR-143 restoration" might be introduced as a promising method for the therapy of CRC.

Telehealth can be a valuable tool for improving access to healthcare, especially during a pandemic. However, certain barriers have limited its widespread adoption. Therefore, this study aims to prioritize the barriers to telehealth services and identify the relationships between them.

This study is applied in terms of its objective and employs a qualitative-analytical approach for data analysis. First, key barriers were identified through a systematic review of scientific resources and expert opinions. The validity of the barriers was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). After validating the barriers, causal relationships between them were extracted and prioritized using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The research population included university professors, physicians, hospital managers, and health and medical experts, of whom 22 participants were selected through purposive (snowball) sampling. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire.

A review of the literature identified 16 initial barriers related to telehealth. Experts validated and finalized 14 of these barriers. The finalized barriers were classified into a six-level model. The findings indicate that the lack of an appropriate institutional framework to support telehealth and insufficient financial resources are the most fundamental and influential barriers. Addressing these barriers could help mitigate other challenges, such as technological issues and resistance to change. Additionally, barriers such as inconsistencies in insurance reimbursement and increased workload were identified as dependent barriers with less impact.

Based on the study results, it is recommended that policymakers, including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, health insurance organizations, and other relevant institutions, take steps to establish robust legal and institutional frameworks and ensure sufficient financial resources. Furthermore, providing specialized training, developing operational guidelines, and simplifying regulations are key strategies for enhancing the acceptance and efficiency of telehealth services.

This paper explores an extension of the bivariate Schur-constant model, introducing an additional parameter to its associated Archimedean copula for greater flexibility. We analyze the dependence properties of the proposed model and illustrate our findings with several examples. Furthermore, provide a likelihood ratio test to compare the performance of the extended Archimedean copula with that of the traditional Archimedean subfamily. Two real-data analysis are also included.

The use of tail risk measures has been noticed in recent decades, especially in the financial and banking industry. The most common ones are value at risk and expected shortfall. The tail Gini risk measure, a composite risk measure, was introduced recently. The primary purpose of this article is to find the relationship between the concepts of economic risks, especially the expected shortfall and the tail Gini risk measure, with the concepts of inequality indices in the economy and reliability. Examining the relationship between these concepts allows the researcher to use the concepts of one to investigate other concepts. As you will see below, the existing mathematical relationships between the tail risk measures and the mentioned indices have been obtained, and these relationships have been calculated for some distributions. Finally, real data from the Iranian Stock Exchange was used to familiarize the concept of this tail risk measure.

In this article, the generalized  total  time on test transform and some related transforms for weighted variables are stated. Their characteristics and relationship with each other have been considered and also these transforms have been investigated in the weighted mode from the point of view of stochastic orders. Also, by presenting graphs of generalized total time on test transform   for some common weight functions, its behavior with respect to the weighted function is studied. Then the relationship of this transform with its initial state is expressed. In the following, the topic under discussion is explained with some practical examples. Then providing a comprehensive exploration of the applications of the studied transforms within the domains of insurance and reliability. By delving into these practical contexts, we gain valuable insights into how these mathematical tools can be effectively utilized to address complex challenges in risk assessment, decision-making, and resource allocation. Additionally, the examination of the NBU class of distributions offers a deeper understanding of their behavior, shedding light on their relevance and applicability in various statistical analyses.    Finally, the article concludes with a detailed discussion of a specific real dataset, offering a concrete demonstration of how the topic under study can be applied in practice.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. In recent years, there has been growing interest among researchers in exploring alternative therapeutic methods, including stem cell therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (AD-MSCs-CM) on apoptosis induction and migration inhibition of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Here, malignant breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) were cultured separately in DMEM F12/FBS15% culture media in standard conditions. Subsequently, the conditioned media derived from AD-MSCs was exposed to the MDA-MB-231 cells. After 24 and 48 hours of exposure, the expression levels of CASP3, KRAS, and MMP9, were assessed using a qRT-PCR assay. Additionally, the proliferation and migration abilities of the cancer cells were evaluated using MTT and wound healing assays, respectively. Also, the protein expression of Caspase-3, K-RAS, and MMP-9 was examined using the western blot assay. Notably, the expression level of MMP9 and KRAS genes significantly decreased following AD-MSCs-CM treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, the expression level of CASP3 gene remarkably increased in the treated groups. Besides, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with AD-MSCs-CM was strongly reduced by MTT and wound healing assays. Furthermore, the AD-MSCs-CM demonstrated an increase in the activation of Caspase-3 and a decrease in the protein expressions of K-RAS and MMP-9. The findings of this study suggest that the AD-MSCs-CM have the potential to influence apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of breast cancer cells. Thus, it could be considered a promising therapeutic strategy for suppressing breast cancer. However, further testing and research are required to validate these findings and explore the full potential of this approach.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Patients with RA experience a lower quality of life due to joint damage and associated limitations in social activities and physical functions. These patients often have poor sleep quality, which may affect other aspects, including pain perception. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and pain perception in these patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on RA patients attending Imam Hussain Hospital, Shahroud, Iran. 137 RA patients were selected and asked to respond to relevant questions (Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire, reliability 0.83, and McGill Pain Questionnaire, reliability 0.83 to 0.87). Descriptive and inferential statistics employed for data analysis. The normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

The data indicated a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and disease duration (P < 0.001), as well as between pain perception and disease duration (P > 0.02). However, no significant correlation was observed between pain perception and age or gender or between sleep quality and gender or age. The results of the Chi-square Test revealed a statistically significant correlation between sleep quality and pain perception in RA patients (P< 0.001).

The results of the present study indicated a significant relationship between sleep quality and pain perception in patients with RA. These patients experience poorer sleep quality and greater pain perception with an increase in the duration of their disease.