mohammad kamalizadeh

Globalization as common discourse in the international level, has affected the local and foreign policies of plenty of countries. Also, in Iran globalization has been effective on different identity factors of Islamic Republic of Iran. The question of this paper is that “which is the effect of globalization on revolutionary identity in Iran” and the research hypothesis is that the Iranian society in consideration of various indicators such as independence (sovereignty) and anti-arrogance and support of liberation movements, has a revolutionary and developmental approach, and yet upon increasing cultural transactions and exchanges to the other countries is willing for interaction to globalization. The findings of research indicates that the students of both groups, despite of binding to the revolutionary identity indicators, are willing for interaction to globalization for benefitting from cyberspace and Media to present their revolutionary values, so that 63% of Humanities students obtaining the grade over 48 in binominal test, and 47% of Technical and Engineering students obtaining the grade over 48 in binominal test, assume the revolutionary identity as a part of their political identity. This research has been applied according to two documentary and survey methods.

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various forms of political systems, has its roots in ancient and gradual transformations in the West (Europe). These developments can be depicted as a paradigmatic narrative of the dialectic of needs and responses. This narrative begins with ancient Greece and its devotion to rationality and freedom, and continues along different paths, on the one hand, with modern evangelical traditions and the exploration of Roman legal structures, and on the other hand, by passing through historical, social, political, and economic contexts, the great Western powers (England, France, Germany, and the United States) have pursued different paths towards the emergence of the modern state. In retracing these various paths, we have utilized Kuhn's paradigmatic approach.

Culture in the discourse of leadership and its role in the realization of the new Islamic civilization is one of the important issues that need a lot of research. Because culture is very important in the view of the Supreme Leader and has a central position. Accordingly, the importance of the place of culture in the thought of his leadership has led him to develop a cultural engineering perspective. From this perspective, cultural engineering is an effort to strengthen the main components of the Islamic and national culture of the country and protect it against the influence and influence of destructive Western culture, in the light of proper arrangement and determining the correct position of all cultural dimensions and characteristics of society. These efforts require the proper design of cultural engineering. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the relationship between the concept of culture and modern Islamic civilization in the discourse of the leadership of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The methodology of the present research, which has a descriptive- analytical nature, has provided and collected the required data and information through the library method and by accessing sources such as books, articles and research reports. In the form of the theory of modern Islamic civilization, it is based on the hypothesis that according to the Supreme Leader, culture has provided the basis for the formation and expansion of modern Islamic civilization in society.The results of the research have shown that there is a close and significant relationship between modern Islamic culture and civilization. In such a way that culture is effective in the realization of modern Islamic civilization and according to the most important components of Islamic civilization, which is God-centered based on human dignity and cultural and spiritual values, this statement is confirmed.

The concept of Islamic society and its theoretical foundations in this article are important in at least from two dimensions: First, this concept is one of the ways to differentiate it from other societies (such as liberal society, communist society, or even non-Islamic religious communities). Secondly, in the five stages of attaining Islamic civilization (Islamic Revolution, Islamic system, Islamic State, Islamic society and Islamic civilization) depicted by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Islamic society as the fourth stage of civilization is very important. The main question of the present study is what are the most important fundamental factors influencing Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's view of Islamic society and How does this affect it? In order to understand this particular notion and to discover the position of Islamic society in Khamenei's intellectual system, it is necessary to understand the a priori foundations of Islamic society in his views. The hypothesis of this paper is that Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's a priori thoughts foundations have a decisive impact on his perception and attitude towards Islamic society. The findings of this study – have gained by descriptive-analytical methods- show that the four fundamental concepts of "Tawhid (monotheism)", "Velayat (guardianship)", "Islamic ontology" and "Islamic anthropology" have a particular effect on the formation of the position of Islamic society in Ayatollah Khamenei's attitude.

From a philosophical and theoretical point of view, two intellectual approaches can be identified and analyzed in Qeysar Aminpour poetry; Early Poetry and Late Poetry.The aim of this research is to show the fulfillment of formation of these two types in relation to contextual developments and to explain the differences between the two from the perspective of intellectual and spiritual evolution of the poet.In earlier poetry, the poet is influenced by intellectual, political, and environmental conditions, and the focus of poetry production and the poet's mind is mainly religious and revolutionary ideas and beliefs that produce poems with specific themes.In Aminpour's recent poetry, lived experience takes the place of the mind and poems are produced with the focus and content of human situations in life.The theoretical basis of this research is the concept of lived experience in Wilhelm Deltay's theory of humanities, which has been used by literary scholars to study the poems of many poets.The findings of this study show that Qeysar Aminpour is a poet influenced by the social, intellectual and political developments of his society and larger common human world, and goes through the evolutionary process in poetry and achieves a new language and world of poetry dimensions.

Globalization and its impact on political identity in the Islamic Republic of Iran." A Globalization, as a phenomenon resulting from the globalization of modernity, has affected various aspects of the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including national identity. The main question of this research that this research seeks is what effect has globalization had on the national identity of Iranians. The research hypothesis is that Iranian society has been affected by the globalization process for various reasons, including the use of mass media and the Internet and cultural interactions with other countries. Research Method In this research, it has been done in two methods documentary and survey. Findings indicate that students, while correlating and interested in the elements of their national and geographical identity, such as history, culture, Persian language and Iranian customs and traditions, interacting with globalization and using its desirable and valuable elements strengthen national identity. The overall result of the research shows that with the two-sentence test, the Department of Humanities with 86% above 48 and the Department of Engineering with 88% of students in the era of globalization make national and geographical identity part of their political identity.

Globalization as a phenomenon resulted from the universality of modernity has influenced various dimensions of the Islamic Republic of Iran's identity in the economic, political, cultural and social spheres. One of the identity dimensions of the Islamic Republic of Iran affected by globalization is the political identity with national, revolutionary, Islamic and modern dimensions. The main question of the research is that why globalization has had the greatest impact on modern identity in Iran given the increasing spread of globalization in contemporary period. Our hypothesis is that the Iranian society has evolved into modern identity and values such as democracy, freedom of expression, and civil society for a variety of reasons, including demographic change and the emergence of the middle class, and new demands since the mid-1990s, as well as Iranian society approach towards it as part of its political identity. The overall result of the Research which is carried out via documentary and surveying method and focusing on case study (students of the Departments of Humanities and Technical & Engineering of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch) indicates that most of these student’s view modern identity as part of their political identity.

The book Economy Politics and the Philosophy of Government written by Simonde De Sismondi is published in a book entitled "New Principles of Political Economy: of Wealth in Its Relation to Population". He is considered one of the first critics of the classical school of political economy. Many experts hold that he failed to express complete views on generalizing and creating economic and social security due to the weakness of economic information, his studies and knowledge of economic issues are little, and his theories mostly arise from emotional aspects. Thus, publishing such a book can be of historical value only for familiarity with how economic scientific literature has entered Iran and knowing our economic knowledge level at that time.

In this article, Imam Khomeini’s political theory is investigated with the Lakatos methodology. His methodology confirms the distinction between a hard core or the original skeleton of investments and experimental propositions confirms as a protective belt for the research program. Regarding this, the claim from this article is that if we understand the system of religious knowledge of Imam Khomeini (R.A.) under the pattern of Lakatos, then the position of political wisdom in this system will be placed at the hard core or the original skeleton. The reason is that “There is a strong ratio of Imam Khomeini (R.A.), among the strains of religious knowledge in the practical system is established”.

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as an influential concept and phenomenon, needs to be investigated historically to make clear the formation process of its constituent concepts and elements. The concepts and elements have been formed before revolution and as a result of revolution on one hand, and the intellectual attempts of compilers regarding conventionalizing issue. The great characters of revolution not only did not have any perception and special thought of law in their minds, but also they did not think well about the process of law formulation. So while formulating the constitution, they are faced with various difficulties for formulating the key clauses such as sovereignty problems and peolple’s rights and principal freedoms. So for understanding the philosophy and the process of constitution phenomenon in Islamic Republic of Iran, the historical concepts and its formation process and also conventionalizing process of laws should be considered. This goal is achieved considering the mentalities and intentions of formulators of Islamic Republic of Iran’s law while responding the era’s problems.

In his book “The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”, Fareed Zakaria believes that in order to maintain the ideal of freedom and advance it in the future, we must move towards less democracy and more liberalism. He emphasizes that the critique of "a lot of democracy" does not mean trying to restore the old order, but, while preserving the tradition of democracy in our countries, we should seek the revival of liberal democracy, as it is suitable for the 21st century. The most important point of this book can be emphasized on reliable historical data and the basis of analyzes on concrete contexts, and its main weaknesses are the author's involvement in trapping a kind of time-consuming mistake to prove his hypothesis. Zakaria's views on this book-and of course, his other works-although not entirely acceptable-and subject to numerous criticisms-a succinct and relatively consistent report of the emergence and expansion of liberal democracy by looking at its future status.

In this article we seek to attribute that to evaluate the effectiveness of government and political system, With reference to structural-functional systems theory to the theoretical framework. The main question in this article, is seeking for reliable indicators for the effectiveness of government from the perspective of political science. To answer this question, efficient capacities in the form of six capacities there for any government, will be discussed. Six potential monopoly of the legitimate use of force, extraction, shaping national identity, regulatory identity, maintaining internal and redistributive cohesion, in this article has been studied as indexes of government effectiveness. In this paper, our perception of efficiency can be considered as duties or common authorities in addition to great symmetry with economic understanding and management of this concept, linked with the key concept of "power" in political science. In this concept of efficiency, has been considered to the actual position of governments in countries and communities today, with an emphasis on the duties, powers and abilities as well as their expectations. This notion of efficiency, the closest and most functional conception of the concept of efficiency in political science which can be a reliable basis and theoretical framework for research on the effectiveness of the government.

Bureaucracy¡ is a set of institutions that determine the quality of government performance in the context of the social goals. In this respect¡ the bureaucracy has taken a series of important institutions of a society. This system and its institutions in the form of formal and informal rules¡ to create opportunities and limitations that will determine the country''s development process. Institutionalism as an analytical model has several advantages that can be effective in identifying the components of an efficient bureaucracy. Institutionalist approach¡ Firstly¡ provides clear criteria for evaluation and pathology Iranian bureaucracy. And secondly helps us to measure the performance of the bureaucracy and government institutions. In this paper¡ we discuss the main institutional frameworks of bureaucracy¡ and will show that this approach¡ which offers a set of indicators to measure and analyze the quality of its damage bureaucracy and how it affects other areas.

This article, in Islamic diplomacy as reflected in holy verses and traditions as well as that of the Prophet (pbuh) comes, originality is not at war, nor at peace, because both phenomena are rooted in human nature and human are societies and they are considered as unavoidable events. But given the ultimate cause of Islam, which is the happiness of all human societies in a world of peace and justice. The key principle of Islamic diplomacy has been escalated upon peace and war or violence is inevitable occasions arisen from the necessity and are considered as exceptions to the core peace making/pacifism diplomacy. Historical documents and certificates to acknowledge many of the orientalists and Muslim writers, have substantiated the replacement of peace full diplomacy instead of war since the advent of the Islamic State. They eventually decided to apply vote of ratification and implementation of foreign policy and pursue their goals by adopting peaceful and humane practices.
Having a brief glance at the principles, objectives and methods of Islamic diplomacy, the peaceful Islamic diplomacy doctrine can be specified on all three levels. A unique doctrine not only applicable to Islamic states, but for all communities and it could bring about significant gains in order to achieve a world free of violence. Methods of this research, will be library study and analysis of data which are analytical and will be carried out through a historical approach by citing Quranic verses and Islamic traditions.

In this essay, we try to explain the distributional function of rentier state and it’s consequences in the present world or, in the other words, globalization waves expansion and transformation in all of the international and internal aspects. We will consider that the crisis in the distributional function of rentier state is, in fact, the crisis in social context of establishing state and, in the other words, the crisis in legitimizing- foundations for this political systems of these countries. In general, those of the rentier states can continue to live and resist to collapse if they can establish suitable institutions for getting taxes from society, transforming economical structures and accounting to social demands and therefore promoting procedural legitimacy in parallel with the revolutions. In fact, the rentier government resulting from these revolutions cannot preserve their previous function and we can’t be labeled as rentier states.

Nima’s especial understanding of poetry and the poets’ status has a normative signification that results in depicting a kind of utopian vision in his poems. Stressing “imagination” in poetry, Nima like European symbolists, makes closeness and sameness between poetry and truth, and then between the position of poet as poet and seer or clairvoyant. Such a closeness resulting in rejection of the present disorder, and offering an ideal world, is in line with the concept of ideology in political thought. In this way, Nima’s specific understanding of poetry gives way to a utopian thought that is known as the most obvious manifestation of social thought in his poetry.

The “City of God” as the most prominent work of St. Augustine can be considered a good link between the Christian and Greek philosophical tradition.  He argues that the purpose of human Justice, surrendering to order, can be considered relatively a type of human justice.  St. Augustine, like many of the philosophers before him, stress that the ultimate goal of Peace for the human being is the universe, and hence, all the creatures’ natural instinct is to preserve the essence of life and interest in continuing to seek peace. Thus, the aim of every society is peace, and peace in society consists of people agreeing to have a relationship with each other, in regularity.

In this article, after reviewing the difference between fundamentalist and anti-fundamentalist philosophy, the features of the rationality will be explained from the perspective of five anti-fundamentalist philosophers (Habermas, Richard Rorty, MacIntyre, Michel Foucault and Hayek). The common point stated by all these philosophers is that they all criticize metaphysics and doubt about the basis of fundamentalist narrative on the world that rely on two predicates: first, the world has rational constitution and it is possible to reduce it to precise mathematical relations and second, that basis of the world is reflected totally in the mind of human beings.