mohammad maleki

In general, the efficiency of water conveyance channels is often below the acceptable level, one of the reasons being the lack of appropriate optimization methods in channel design. The objective of channel cross-section optimization is to design a channel in the most hydraulically favorable condition while ensuring economic feasibility. Additionally, minimizing the risk of overflow is essential in channel design. In the present study, the goal is to minimize the total costs of excavation and lining, along with minimizing the probability of flow overflow in a trapezoidal channel under varying discharge rates. Furthermore, the effect of discharge variation on channel dimension optimization is investigated. The freeboard and flow discharge are considered as design variables. Due to the constraint of satisfying Manning’s equation, the problem formulation leads to a nonlinear optimization, which is solved using Wolfram Mathematica software. The results indicate that as the discharge increases, the optimal depth and bottom width also increase, leading to higher construction costs. However, with increasing discharge, the channel’s freeboard decreases.

Al-Aḥādīth al-Shāriḥah or Clarifying Hadiths constitute one of the primary sources employed by Shi’a scholars for interpreting Qur’anic terminology. The Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) placed significant emphasis on clarifying Qur’anic terms through diverse methods. This study examines the extent to which Shi’a exegetes have relied on exegetical narrations by analyzing their various forms and categorizing them within a descriptive-analytical framework, with a particular focus on the first ten parts of the Holy Qur’an. The central question of this research revolves around the nature of these hadiths within the Shi’a tradition and the level of confidence exegetes place in them for interpreting the Qur’an. To address this, key Shi’a exegetical and hadith sources have been analyzed. The findings of this study reveal two primary conclusions: First, these narrations exhibit remarkable diversity, highlighting their great significance to both the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and Shi’a exegetical scholarship. Second, they can be classified into approximately twenty distinct categories, the most prominent of which include: specifying the referents of words (the most common type), explaining them by describing their attributes, providing synonyms as done in lexicons, citing other Qur’anic verses, elucidating the reasons behind their names, differentiating between similar words, clarifying them through external realities, corroborating them with other hadiths, interpreting them as religious concepts, mentioning their antonyms, and highlighting their branches and various connotations, among others.

Since detecting waves, either surface or internal waves, is of extreme importance for researchers, they tried to identify them using physical simulation in laboratory experiments, field measurements or numerical simulations. Using Wavelet Transform instead of Fourier Transform is desirable to overcome the stationary limitation for the signal in Fourier transform or selecting objective size for short term Fourier Transform; hence, the Wavelet transform is plausible to work with nonstationary signals. Detection of internal waves are important for military concerns (e.g. sound propagation), for biological problems (e.g. oxygen penetration and available nutrients in the water column) and also for ocean dynamic issues (e.g. mixing and baroclinic velocities). In this study, having laboratory data of internal waves, the Wavelet Transform is used to detect the internal waves. The signal processing techniques have been used to fulfill this goal. It is expected to see the deficiency of Fourier Transform in detecting the nonstationary characteristics of the internal waves while the Wavelet Transform is able to do it. The results confirmed this expectation. Having no obligation to set a specific size for the window, as it is mandatory in short term Fourier Transform, is an important advantage of using Wavelet Transform to detect the internal waves.

Bali Efendi (d. 960 AH) was a mystic in the Islamic West and a commentator on Ibn ʿArabī’s mystical teachings. His distinct perspectives, evident in his Sharḥ al-fuṣūṣ, are less explored compared to other commentators. This research seeks to illuminate Bali’s views on a central theme within theoretical mysticism. Using a descriptive-analytic approach and focusing on his Sharḥ al-fuṣūṣ, the study examines the doctrine of the "five presences" (al-ḥaḍarāt al-khams). The findings reveal that while Bali adapts ideas from previous commentators, he does not merely replicate them; instead, he critically engages with the views of al-Qayṣarī and other commentators on Ibn ʿArabī’s works. Bali's interpretation of Ibn ʿArabī’s passages incorporates literary nuances, contextual speech, other works by Ibn ʿArabī, and evidence from Sunni doctrinal consensus. Unlike al-Qayṣarī, Bali does not present his view of the five presences as a separate, organized introduction but integrates it within his commentary on Ibn ʿArabī’s texts. While Bali briefly addresses "aḥadiyya" (Uniqueness) and discusses "wāḥidiyya" (Oneness) more extensively, these concepts are not explicitly listed among the five presences. Most of Bali’s discussion focuses on the doctrine of the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil), with more limited attention to the other presences.
.

In this paper using the upper bound limit analysis method, the stability of soil slope, uniformly surcharged at the crest is investigated. According to the soil behavior at the failure state, a continuous failure criterion nonlinear function of confining stress, and soil initial density is considered. The stress field along the slip surface is entered into the limit analysis formulation according to the Airy stress function. The ultimate uniformly distributed load is obtained by optimizing the virtual work equation. The effects of different parameters such as slope angle, soil unit weight, and initial density are investigated. Considering the nonlinear effects of confining stresses leads to a reduction in the ultimate load. This reduction is more obvious in slopes with lower angles. According to the proposed formulation, with increasing soil density, the ultimate load of the slope stability is increased. The results for different slope angles are compared with those obtained from the limit equilibrium-based methods. The ultimate loads of the proposed method are in some cases lower and in some cases more than the results of different methods based on limit equilibrium.

Antioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are volatile and sensitive to heat and are not favorable for food stability, on the other hand, their use threatens human health. For this reason, today scientists and researchers are trying to find natural compounds with antioxidant properties to replace natural antioxidants with synthetic antiox-idants or to reduce their consumption. The results of the studies showed that plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and other antioxidant compounds, which are the most important natural antioxi-dants. Nowadays, a wide group of plants and their extracts are considered as natural sources with antioxidant properties. The studies of carried out in Iran shows that edible and medicinal plants and their derivatives (essential oils, plant extracts) are widely used to prevent oxidative spoilage of food due to their strong and diverse antioxidant compounds. Among these, we can mention olive leaves, saffron petals, oregano, Froriepia subpinnata, Malva Syl-vestris, Ferulago angulate, basil, hortensisj Sature, Salvia officinalis, turmeric, fennel, nettle, and black raspberry. Also, Dorema Aucheri, thyme, cinnamon and pomegranate peel have medicinal and therapeutic properties. Heizah grass plant is recommended as a health-giving and stabilizing combination of oils due to its easy access and cost-effectiveness in Iran.

Suhrawardi and John Hick, as Islamic and Western philosophers respectively, have discussed the problem of evil with specific theories and foundations; "The theory of the nothingness of evil, the necessary additional state of evil with regard to the superior good, the natural world, and the human free will" can be considered as one of Suhrawardi's solutions to the problem of evil. John Hick, with the theodicy "Education of the Soul", free will and relativity of evil, tries to provide an appropriate answer to this problem and prove the noncontradiction between evil and God's attributes. Each has offered solutions to the problem of evil in the world. The research method in this study is the descriptive-analytical librarian method. The method for data-processing is librarian and surveying the two thinkers views. Explanation and comparative study of their intellectual foundations and their approaches to the problem, the problem of research and comparison and evaluation of their specific solutions, while maintaining the main theorems, made it clear that no contradictions and inconsistencies may be found between their essential views.

In this study, the effect of Tragopogon collinus extract on the viability of probiotic bacteria, physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yogurt was investigated. For this purpose, Tragopogon collinus plant extract was extracted using ultrasound method and the amounts of phenolic compounds and chemical compounds of the extract were measured. The results showed that the amount of total phenolic compounds in Tragopogon collinus plant extract was equal to 890.04±2.18 mg gallic acid per gram and most of the extract compounds included n-Hexadecanoic acid (24.25), 4-vinyl guaiacol (19.78). ), Β -Caryophyllene (15.55) and Heneicosane (9.45). In order to investigate the effect of Tragopogon collinus extract on the properties of probiotic yogurt during the 15-day storage period, 3 treatments including control, extract with a concentration of 750 ppm, extract with a concentration of 1000 ppm and physicochemical properties including pH, acidity, synergy, viscosity, viability probiotic bacteria and sensory properties (color, odor, taste and general acceptance) were examined. The results showed that the addition of Tragopogon collinus extract to yogurt affects the physicochemical properties. Samples with extract had lower pH and synergy and higher acidity and viscosity compared to the control sample (P <0.05). Also, in these samples, the process of reducing the survival of probiotic bacteria during the storage period was slower than the control treatment, and despite the effect of the extract on the physicochemical properties of yogurt, yogurt containing the extract was acceptable in terms of sensory properties. In general, Tragopogon collinus extract can be used to enhance the quality and organoleptic properties of beneficial dairy products.

One of the most common and practical psychological interventions in the field of managing emotional states is mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based intervention on anger rumination, competitive anxiety, emotion dysregulation and sports performance in bodybuilding sportsman. The study was semi-experimental research that implemented in the form of a multiple baseline single-case design. The statistical population included all the athletes who went to the bodybuilding sport clubs in the city of Selseleh in Lorestan province in 2021. Among them 10 sportsmen who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling method. The subjects participated individually in a 8 sessions of mindfulness and acceptance-based program. Data were interpreted using the visual inspection, reliable change index (RCI), non-overlapping data indices (PND, PAND, PEM), recovery rate index, and Cohen's D effect size. The results showed that mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based intervention has led to a reduction in anger rumination, competitive anxiety, emotional dysregulation and an increase in sports performance in athletes. Findings of the present study show that mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based interventions could be effective in improving the cognitive-emotional functions and sports performance of athletes, and its application along with physical exercises can improve their sports performance.

A look at the formal and substantive structure of all governments in general and governments as executive powers in all countries, shows that since the formation of the classical structure of the state-nations until now, except for the two pyramidal political structures at the top of which there is one person as a king, leader or president. The government is for life and another structure that is divided collectively and the distribution of power between various groups and public legal entities, such as the president, prime minister, or the cabinet, we do not know any other form of governance. Until two decades ago, the exercise of the sovereign power of the governments within the specific, limited and walled borders of specific countries with a specific population, which are continuously monitored and controlled by national code, eye color, fingerprints, mobile phones and microchips in bank cards. The classic structure of the state-nations was the answer. But the debate is about where the fate and future of the governments will go in today's shrinking world and the global electronic village? Is it possible to limit a nation within the geographical boundaries to choose a single system and specific people who will be governed by the law and the guarantee of the legal implementations that they wrote themselves and that they can cancel, amend, cancel.People within the borders only have the right to stay and choose one among them or go and endure another law and other compulsion in another place and other people! So what is the assignment? What kind of legal compulsion will the future governments force the nations? Now that the combination of the general desires and wills of the nations and the form of fulfilling the needs have changed, what form and structure will the future governments take?

In this study, the critical state shear strength of a type of sand with different silt percentages in saturated and unsaturated states has been investigated. For this purpose, a number of undrained consolidated (CU) and drained consolidated (CD) triaxial tests were performed on saturated and unsaturated samples, respectively. The samples were sheared under confining pressures of 50, 100 and 150 kPa and suction levels of 50, 100, 150 and 250 kPa for unsaturated samples. In the saturated state, the results showed that if samples are remolded with the same eeq, for the different percentages of fines the critical state lines are converged. In the unsaturated state and net stress state, the critical state line is not only dependent on suction, but also changes with changes in the percentage of fines. However, in the effective stress state, by applying the appropriate effective stress relations and the concept of equivalent intergranular skeleton void ratio, these lines can be converged independently of suction and fine content and reach a single critical state line in the stresses space.

We consider a type of Volterra integro-differential equations of the parabolic type that arise naturally in the study of heat flow in materials with memory. We present a simple and accurate numerical method for problems with a weakly singular kernel subject to an initial condition and given boundary conditions. In this method, both the space and time discretizations are based on the Muntz-Legendre collocation method that converts the problem to a system of algebraic equations. For numerical stability purposes, the Muntz-Legendre polynomials and their partial derivatives are stated in terms of Jacobi polynomials. Moreover, to deal with the weakly singular integral term of the problem, two efficient schemes based on the integration by parts and nonclassical Gaussian quadrature are derived. Comparisons between the two proposed schemes and other methods in the literature are made to demonstrate the efficiency, convergence and superiority of our method in the space and time directions.

Microencapsulation is a common method to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria against environmental stresses. In this research, by using double emulsion with Persian gum, emulsion stability, physicochemical properties, microcoating efficiency and microcoating viability were investigated during storage and in a simulated gastrointestinal conditions of the digestive system. Encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in double emulsion (W/O/W) with Persian gum improved the survival under storage conditions at 4 °C for 28 days, and only 0.58 log decreased and free bacteria after passage 7 days reached zero. The microcoating efficiency was 88% and the emulsion stability was between 85% and 95.43%. The optical microscope image showed a distinct double emulsion. In the simulating conditions of the stomach, the number of bacteria decreased by 1.97 log for the micro-coated treatment and by 3.9 log for the treatment containing free bacteria, and in the simulating conditions of the intestine, it decreased by 0.45 log for the micro-coated treatment and for the treatment containing free bacteria. 1.3 decreased. The particle size was (525 nm), zeta potential (-44.68 mv) and dispersion index (0.33). The results showed that the use of Persian gum double emulsion improves the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus against storage conditions and the simulated environment of the digestive system.

In soccer, task constraints manipulation plays an important role in the development of motor skills because it leads to the exaggeration of the functional relationship between information and movement and can assist the performer in acquiring important and purposeful affordances (Chow, 2010). Such manipulations are performed by conditioned game activities (Small Sided Games (SSG) and practice of special competition situations, etc.) which, compared to other exercises, are closer to the process of acquiring skills and performance and lead to better develop of generalized motor program in order to cope with different conditions of skill performance (Williams & Hodges 2005; Ford 2010). In this way, the player is actively involved in exploring the perceptual variables in the real match, his/her decision-making behaviors would be purposeful, and by searching for available information, his/her actions would be modified to accomplish the objectives of the task (such as two touches game, ball maintenance,…). Playing soccer are performed in an open environment, so coach must strengthen the diversity of players’ performance by manipulating the task constraints. “Conditional play” activities in football training play an important role in developing skills and improving motor performance. According to the constraint-led approach, the ecological dynamics of the game must be maintained in the training and execution of sports practices. To achieve this, the selection and modification of the task constraints is a determining factor for the quality and efficiency of the coach’s intervention (Newell 1986). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulating task constraints (free play, two touches and three-passes) in SSG on changes in the attacking behavior of adolescent players in soccer schools. According to Almeida et al.2012’s protocol, 8 soccer players were asked to play with each other. Evaluating the simple and combined indices showed that changing the play constraints had a meaningful effect on individual and team indices. Clemente and Mendes (2011), also, through manipulating the instructional constraints in 1×1 attacking conditions and its effect on performance index found that meaningful results among different conditions. It means that the coaches’ commands are one of the important constraints to guide the players’ performance during training .10 Soccer players U-13 (age: 11.8±2.3; experience: 5.1±1.8 years) participated in this study. They had at least 4 years of participation in soccer school and national tournaments. In order to maintain the environmental (external) validity of the research, the criterion for matching the subjects was their experience of participating in national tournaments. The players selected based on the opinion of the club coach had the necessary abilities, individual skills and physical fitness for that level of competition. They were divided into two balanced groups of 5 players (4 players with one goalkeeper) (Dellal et al.2011، Almeida et.al.2012، Lemoine et al.2005) and their arrangement was maintained throughout the test sessions. During three sessions at one-week intervals, teams (4×4 with one goalkeeper) competed in three different conditions during 8-minute halves with 3 minutes of rest. After completing summer soccer school, the subjects participated in a protocol consisting of three separate test sessions one week apart. In each session, the teams performed the SSG under three different conditions in periods of 8 minutes with 3 minutes of rest: 1) “Free play” in which players played without special rules and restrictions; 2) “Two-touches” in which players were allowed to touch the ball for a maximum of two times per individual possession of the ball; and 3) “Three-passes” where the player, in each attack attempt, should had at least three consecutive passes to each other (Almeida et al. 2012). To evaluate the offensive behavior of the two teams, their simple and combined performance indices were evaluated by the Offensive Performance Evaluation Scale. To examine the intra-rater validity, 20% of the total data were observed and notated at one-week intervals. In total, both teams made 242 offensive attempts in three conditions of the game: 103 times in the free, 92 times in the two-touches and 47 times in the three-passes conditions. In group sports, the coach’s ability to manipulate environmental constraints can create an effective learning environment by providing new challenges to players and forcing them to search for movement possibilities, problem solving, and error detection (Davids et al. 2005). The results of the current study also showed that different conditions of play in small sided games (free, two-touches and three-passes games) have a significant effect on the offensive performance of adolescent soccer players. The results showed that the change of constraints had a significant effect on simple and combined attack indices. In the case of a two-touches, the “collective participation rate” was higher than the other two conditions. The index of “individual intervention on the ball” in three-passes condition was bigger than the other two conditions.The current study was conducted in conditions close to the real soccer match. Such conditions provide an opportunity for players to learn through guided search. Researchers believe that this type of conditioned activity (SSG or conditional games) forces players to actively seek solutions to the movement coordination pattern (Gentile 1972) imposed by constraints during training, and actively participate in the learning process. The analysis of the final stage of the offensive attempt showed that there is no significant difference between the three conditions of the game for the offensive attempt result. Despite the fact that the difference between the three conditions of the game in the number of shots and the effectiveness of the shots (the ratio of the number of shots to the number of goals) was not significant, this ratio in two-touches was higher than free and three-passes games. Manipulating the constraints of the task and the rules of its execution bring the players closer to the goals desired by the coach. This type of training method can create the conditions close to the real match for open skills while training technical and tactical skills, improve the ability to distinguish between related and unrelated environmental features, and lead to more effective learning and performance change. It is suggested that in future studies, the effect of manipulating various environmental and information constraints on learning soccer skills be investigated

In this research work, for the first time, gold and silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using exopolysaccharide extracted from the culture medium of porphyridium purpureum microalgae and then their antibacterial activity was evaluated. In this method, in addition to reducing the metal ions of gold and silver, exopolysaccharide also play a role in stabilizing the nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous solution. UV-Vis spectroscopy method was used to confirm the formation of synthesized nanoparticles. Also, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the size and morphology of the gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using microalgae exopolysaccharide. Finally, the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles synthesized using exopolysaccharide derived from microalgae was evaluated on two types of gram-positive bacteria (E. Faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). For this purpose, disk diffusion test was used, as a result of which it was found that these stabilized nanoparticles have significant antibacterial activity. Exopolysaccharide-stabilized silver nanoparticles also show better antibacterial activity than exopolysaccharide-stabilized gold nanoparticles.

Beach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of barriers to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation and the football delegations, the managers of the clubs and the coaches of the national beach soccer teams, was equal to 50 in total and in the qualitative part, 18 experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical sample was equal to the community. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 items which was designed based on a comprehensive study of sources and opinions of the qualitative research sample and using the Delphi method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88). Barriers were inserted in the form of structural self-interaction and a qualitative sample was provided as a questionnaire. ISM technique was used to level the obstacles and determine the priority of the action. Based on the findings, the obstacles were classified into seven levels. Obstacles to the lack of a development plan and the lack of attention of federation officials and football delegations to the development of beach soccer were at the basic level of the model. In general, it can be said that more attention of the officials of the Football Federation and the delegations on the design and implementation of the strategic plan will facilitate the removal of many intermediate and top obstacles of the model.

Every philosophy, or more precisely every philosophical system, has a system on which the basic principles of that philosophy are based. Meanwhile, the Philosophy of Illumination is not out of this rule. This philosophy is based on principles, the most important of which is the element of "intellect and intuition". This article intends, after defining philosophy and philosopher, knowing the two is not unrelated to knowing the intellect and intuition, examine the intellect and intuition, according to the content of the article, separately, according to the illumination data in the Philosophy of Illumination, and then explain the position of these two elements that make up the Philosophy of Illumination, based on the works of Master of Illumination’ (shaykh al-ishraq), and then draw the main position of these two elements in philosophy, then I explain how the interaction between intellect and intuition in structuring the Philosophy of Illumination, and briefly examines it according to the capacity of the article.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the library software of Pars Azarakhsh, Simorgh and Saman in terms of information retrieval features in the web environment. The present study is applied type. The statistical population consists Pars Azarakhsh, Simorgh and Saman library software. To measure, review, identify and evaluate the dimensions of the research, the status of library software in 5 indicators was reviewed and analyzed. The data of this research were collected by observing the software website and using the opinions of the software experts and were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings showed that in the field of search capabilities in various fields, Pars Azarakhsh with 98.85% points and Saman and Simorgh with 96.55% points obtained the highest and lowest scores. In the section of various search formulations, Simorgh and Pars Azarakhsh with 100% points and Saman software with 83.34% points obtained the highest and lowest scores. In other types of software searches, Pars Azarakhsh with 78.43% points and Saman software with 76.97% points had the highest and lowest points. The results also showed that the studied softwars, in terms of retrieval and information retrieval features in the web environment, had good improvements over their previous versions and were able to meet more than 80% of the criteria studied in this study.

Roman domination of many of the Parthian lands near the Euphrates and the annexation of Armenia reinforced the idea of Mesopotamian domination for the growing Roman power. Parthian internal strife at the beginning of Orodes II and the Roman conquest of Pontus and Armenia, as a result of Iran's neutrality during the reign of Phraates III, reinforced the idea of attacking Parthian territory in Mesopotamia for Roman generals. But the defeat of Rome in the Battle of Carrhae as a result of the proximity of Iran and Armenia upset the Roman equation for domination of the Orient. This study seeks to prove the claim that the Parthians in the Second Orodes period, after ending internal strife and strengthening internal forces to counter Roman power, the most important issue they faced was to re-infiltrate Armenia. Because they were aware of the role of Armenia in thwarting the Roman conspiracy, and for the first time in their first war with Rome, they at the same time invaded Armenia to challenge Roman hegemony and power in the northern Mesopotamia and Syria.

In this paper, a photonic crystal structure composed of the silicon rods is proposed for an all-optical 4*2 encoder. Four input ports are connected to two outputs port via the cross-connections. Different radii of rods as defects are placed in the cross-connection region for coupling the optical waves from the input waveguides to the desired outputs. The total size of the device is about 133 μm2. Plane-wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are used to calculate the band diagram and simulation of the optical wave propagation inside the structure, respectively. The maximum rise time of the device for all possible states is just about 205 fs which is less than one in the previous works. No need to a bias port and using the same power at input ports are other advantages of this work. The normalized output power margins for logic 0 and 1 are calculated by 2% and 34%, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate the presented structure is capable of using in optical integrated circuits.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation with structural equations approach and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes all students of football schools in Tehran province. Cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. The measurement tools of the present study include demographic characteristics of the participants in the study, Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry (1988) Perceived Service Quality Assessment Questionnaire, Groth (2005) Customer Behavior Questionnaire and Perceived Risk Questionnaire Carroll, Connaught, Spengler & Byon (2014). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to show the normality of data distribution and bootstrap methods and structural equations using PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the quality of perceived services and citizenship behavior (β = 0.852); (T = 15.549) at the level of significance (P <0.01); Indirect effect of perceived service quality and citizenship behavior through perceived risk (β = -0.027); T-statistic (T = 1.774) is at the level of significance (P <0.076). Considering that perceived risk is one of the determining elements in the acceptance and intention of students to use football schools and their citizenship behavior is one of the factors reducing this risk, it is suggested. Football school principals to increase the quality of perceived services and student citizenship behavior among their staff, coaches and customers so that they can identify different dimensions of perceived risk among their school students for better productivity. And make the necessary plans to advance marketing goals.

In this study, different concentrations of aqueous extract of Chubak root (at levels of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) with different concentrations of rosemary essential oil nanoemulsion (zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) was used to optimize the production of biodegradable gelatin-based film. Test responses were statistically significant for all fitted regression models at 99% confidence level. To optimize film production, maximum transparency, contact angle, tensile strength, Elongation at Brake to the point of rupture and minimum solubility, swelling and vapor permeability were evaluating. After fitting the models, the results showed that the effect of aqueous extract of Chubak root and rosemary essential oil nanoemulsion on all responses was significant (P <0.05). Increasing the aqueous extract of Chubak root and nanoemulsion of rosemary essential oil increased the thickness, contact angle and Elongation at Brake to the point of rupture and decreased moisture content, vapor permeability, transparency, solubility, tensile strength and swelling. Based on the results of model prediction and comparison with experimental values, aqueous extract of Chubak root at a concentration of 2% and nanoemulsion of rosemary essential oil with a concentration of 0.77% were obtained as optimal values.

In this study, the changes in the color and some properties of carrot slices were investigated during hot air drying. The carrot slices first underwent an optimized osmotic pretreatment. The sucrose concentration of 60% and the dehydration time of 60 min were found to be as the optimum conditions of the osmotic dehydration. In hot air drying, temperature (60, 70 and 80°C) was taken into account as the independent variable and moisture content, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, total phenolic content, texture and sensory evaluation were considered as the dependent variables. The results revealed that the lowest reduction in total phenolic content was associated with 70°C and the effect of temperature on all of the responses was significant. With increasing temperature, shrinkage, rehydration ratio and texture increased but the moisture content decreased to (11 gr / gr). At the end, the optimum conditions were selected based on the maximum rehydration rate, phenolic compounds, total acceptance and minimum moisture content, shrinkage and stiffness of the texture were determined and the optimum temperature was 70 ° C.

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to evaluate the tactical knowledge and behavior in soccer schools. But, efficiency or inefficiency of the verbal/nonverbal protocols remain to be addressed. To address this question, current study aimed to evaluate the relationship of verbal tactical knowledge with tactical behavior and technical skills with taking level of experience into account. 36 soccer players (18 experienced with Mage=15.33±0.48; 18 unexperienced with Mage=15.5±0.51) performed the battery of soccer skills. First, they completed tactical skills inventory for sport, then tactical behaviors during 3×3 with a goalkeeper small sided games in a 30×40 meters’ pitch were videotaped, and finally, evaluated through game performance assessment by two expert raters. Results showed significant differences in pass, dribble as well as decision making, skill execution and support indices of tactical behavior (p=0.00), but, no significant difference were observed in offensive and defensive tactical knowledge (p=0.23,0.56, respectively) between two groups. For all players, tactical knowledge with tactical behavior and technical skills had no significant relationship (p>0.05), but, for the experienced players attacking tactical knowledge and support index significantly were related (p=0.01). These findings confirm inefficiency of verbal methods to evaluate the tactical knowledge in soccer schools and introduce the level of experience as an important factor to make relationship between tactical knowledge and behavior.

Today, one of the important approaches to control and manage this phenomenon is the approach of good urban governance. Good urban governance can be defined as the way and process of managing urban affairs or the constructive participation of the public governmental private and civil society sectors in order to achieve sustainable urban development, create a healthy city and improve the quality of life. In the present study, the informal settlement areas of Ilam city have been studied with the approach of good urban governance. The research method is descriptive-analytical. For statistical calculations and analysis of research data, statistical software SPSS, Excel and statistical techniques including t-test, F-test and ANOVA method were used. Research information has been collected in two ways: library and survey (using a questionnaire). The statistical population of the study includes six thousand households living in the informal settlement of Ilam and the sample size is 397 heads of households who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, which was calculated to be 0.86. the evaluation of variable have been done through Likert scale.The results of studies based on the indicators of good urban governance, participation, accountability, legality, justice, transparency, responsibility, effectiveness and efficiency show that the rate of benefiting from good urban governance in Ilam is at a low level. Accordingly, the more good urban governance and its indicators implemented and administrated, the more the expansion of informal settlement controlled.