r. rajabi

Kamal, is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed by the national rainfed bread wheat breeding program for the cold and temperate dryland areas of Iran. New cultivar created by crossing between Sbn//Trm/k253 and 88Zhong218//Ctk/Vee/3/Kvz/Gv//Prl in Maragheh Research Station. Kamal was selected from segregating population from F2-F7 in Maragheh (2002-2008) based on agronomic characteristics. Based on results, Kamal grain yield means in preliminary and advanced regional yield trail was 2234 and 1719 kgha-1, respectively. Results of elite trail in cold and moderate research stations (2012-2015) showed that the grain yield mean of Kamal was 2120 and means of Azar2 and Ohadi cultivars were 2066 and 2083 kgha-1, respectively. Kamal cultivar in East Azerbaijan province was compared with conventional control cultivars in the farmer fields for 3 years and the results showed that the average grain yield of Kamal and checks were 2604 and 2230 kgha-1 respectively. Kamal is a winter type variety with time to heading of 143 days, 67 cm plant height, 40, gr. 1000 kernel weight, 11.4% protein content, 20 ml Zeleni numer, 41 degree of hardness, 27% wet gluten and 15 unit of gluten index. Results revealed that Kamal cultivar is tolerant to cold and drought stresses, with suitable earliness, and good bread quality but susceptible to yellow rust and leaf rust, this xultivar way and released in 2019 under the name of Kamal for cold and moderate cold dry areas of Iran.

Scoliosis is one of the secondary complications in amputation veterans, which requires periodic evaluations. The gold standard for evaluating the spine is radiography, which has caused many concerns due to the high doses of X-ray radiation. For this reason, therapists are finding for an alternative method for this tool. Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool with different methods for this purpose. The current research aimed to determine the best method for measuring the curvature of the spine of scoliosis patients by ultrasound.
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A systematic search was performed from 2000 to 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to find articles that examined the reliability and validity of ultrasound to assess the curvature of the spine in people with scoliosis. COSMIN checklist scale was used to survey the quality of researches.

18 articles were reviewed. In most studies, correct methodological quality was not reported to evaluate internal consistency, measurement error, construct validity, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity, responsiveness, and interpretability. Finally, four methods of measuring spinous process angle, spinous process-transverse process angle, transverse process-upper articular process angle, and lamina center method were found for ultrasound.

Ultrasound by measuring the center of the lamina is a simple and very reliable method to evaluate the curvatures of the spine of people with scoliosis and can be a suitable alternative to the gold standard of radiography.

Drought-tolerance and grain yield stability are among the most important aspects in adaptation and successful performance of rainfed winter bread wheat cultivars. The main objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effectiveness of drought tolerance indices for selection of drought-tolerant winter bread wheat genotypes, and (ii) to identify high-yielding genotypes with yield stability in variable environments. In this experiment, 24 winter bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 12 yield trials under two moisture-regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation) in two dryland research stations differing in winter temperature (temperate and cold agro-climatic conditions) during three cropping cycles (2018-2021). Yield-based drought tolerance indices including; stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and yield stability index (YSI) were used to estimate drought tolerance levels of winter bread wheat genotypes across locations and cropping cycles. GGE-biplot technique was used for grain yield stability analysis. Combined-analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of cropping season, location, moisture-regime, genotype, and their interactions effects on grain yield were significant (P<0.01). The combined and yearly PCA-based biplots and correlation matrix analyses revealed that STI, GMP and MP were consistently correlated (P<0.01) with grain yield in either rainfed and irrigated environments, indicating the effectiveness of these indices for selection of high-yielding genotypes in both conditions. Based on these indices, G13 (Chenab/GB-SARA-27 IRW2009-10-023-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-6MA), G14 (Chenab/GB-SARA-27 IRW2009-10-023-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-7MA), G11 (Dharwar Dry/Nesser//SARA-BW-F6-06-85-86-2-5 IRW2009-10-056-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-6MA) and G22 (Unknown-2) were the most drought-tolerant genotypes. GGE-biplot analysis identified G11, G13 and G14 as high yielding genotypes with yield stability across environments. In conclusion, the genotypic variation for drought tolerance and grain yield stability found in this study should be further explored in the national rainfed winter bread wheat breeding programs in Iran.

Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the common anomalies in children in recent years. In addition to corrective exercise, corrective games are one of the correctional methods which have been used to prevent and correct functional anomalies among children. Unlike corrective exercise, in corrective games method, correctional goals apply with prevention and correction purpose in the game shape and format The present study aimed to compare the effect and sustainability of a course corrective games with selected corrective exercise on 10-12 aged boys with thoracic hyperkyphosis.Ninety boys with age average (11.20±0.80 years), height average (140.78±5.91 cm), and weight average (39.69±4.75 kg) were randomly divided into corrective games, selected corrective exercise and control group. Subject in experimental groups performed their related corrective games and corrective exercises for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. Each session lasted for 30-60 minutes. During this time the control group did their normal daily activity. The kyphosis angle required to enter to the study was considered greater than 40 degrees. This angle was measured by a flexible ruler. Data were recorded at the beginning of the study as a pre-test, at the end of the 8 weeks’ exercises as a post-test and 8 weeks after the completion of the study as a second post-test level.The finding of the repeated measure ANOVA test indicated a significant difference in kyphosis angle at the pre-test level (45.62±2.40) versus the post-test level (42.46±2.24), and in follow-up level (42.42±2.09) in the corrective games group, and the pre-test level (45.81±2.59) versus the post-test level (42.26±2.36) and in the follow-up level (42.52±2.27) in the selected corrective exercise group (P≤0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the kyphosis angel in the control group, at the pre-test level (44.93±1.59) versus the post-test level (45.26±1.79) and in the follow-up level (45.26±1.84) (P>0.05). The obtained effect size was 0.85 in the corrective games group, 0.81 in the selected corrective exercise group, and 0.08 in the control group, which shows the high effectiveness of present study protocols in experimental groups. Also, the results of the ANCOVA test indicated a significant difference in thoracic kyphosis angle between 3 groups in the study at the post-test and the follow-up levels (P≤0.05). Therefore, in order to clarify this difference, the Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. The finding of this test indicated a non-significant difference in thoracic kyphosis angle between corrective games and selected corrective exercise groups in the post-test and follow-up levels (P>0.05). The observed difference was related to the corrective games and selected corrective exercise kyphosis angle difference with control groups at mentioned levels (P≤0.05).The corrective games and the selected corrective exercise have a positive and similar effect with exercise effects sustainability on thoracic kyphosis reduction. Therefore, performing 8 weeks’ corrective games besides selected corrective exercise has a considerable and sustainable effect on thoracic hyperkyphosis angle in 10-12 aged boys and using corrective games as an autonomous method recommended to thoracic hyperkyphosis correction in 10-12 years old boys.

Motor failure and musculoskeletal deformities, particularly among the students, can be considered as one of the most important issues in the health system nationally. Therefore, examining the relationship between physical condition and motor disabilities can play an important role in preventing and managing the postural and motor control problems.

The present study was descriptive, relational, and predictive. Three hundred and forty students aged 7.51±0.96 years, weight 26.7±6.64 kg, height 125.98±9.10 cm, body mass 16.37±2.92 index) were selected based on the principle of availability. To assess the balance, (both static and dynamic) two tests were performed: standing and walking on wood. Posture condition components including forward head posture, round shoulder, uneven shoulder, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, uneven pelvis, and knee and sole condition were also assessed. Since the normality of the data was not confirmed, Spearman test was used to analyse the data.

Descriptive results showed the prevalence of postural abnormalities in nonstructural scoliosis 55.6%, forward head 48.3%, left flat foot 71.2%, highest and hyperphysiosis 3% and knee brace 3.8% show the lowest value. The results showed the relationship between the variables as static balance with mean (5.7 ± 2.2) seconds with left shoulder prolapse with mean (.38 ±1.02) degree among 7-10 year old male students had a positive correlation (r=.155) and a negative correlation (r=.192) between the degree of sagging of the right shoulder (0.86 ± 1.5). There were not any other significant differences to report. Also dynamic balance with the average (5.45 ± 1.15) seconds and score (r=-.108) score with kyphosis angle value with average (30.34 ± 11.64) degrees and right shoulder sagging with average (0.86± 1.5) degree and score (r=.119) and cruciate knee with a mean (1.18 ± 2.11) cm had a negative correlation (r=.173) between 7-10 year old male students. There is a negative correlation between the overall balance (sum of static and dynamic balance) score and the mean points of right shoulder sagging (r=-.185) and there was a positive with the amount of left shoulder sagging (r=.146). There was not any other significant differences in other indexes

The results indicated a relationship between physical condition in different parts of the body with basic static and dynamic balance skills of 7 to 10 year old boys. It can be said that balance as one of the most important basic skills in children that depends on the strength and flexibility of the body muscles with changes in the correct direction of the spine, knees and shoulders, the ratio of strength and flexibility is disturbed and possibly the basic skill of balance changes. The research proposal to correctional and motor development specialists is to pay simultaneous attention to physical condition and basic skills in correctional programs and physical development. The results of the present study indicated the relationship between right and left shoulder sagging with static balance, knee deviation inward, kyphosis angle and right shoulder prolapse with dynamic balance and right and left shoulder prolapse with total balance in children 7 to 10-year-old boys. As a result, it can be inferred that balance as one of the most important basic skills in children, which depends on the strength and flexibility of the body muscles, is associated with changes in body orientation and body position and balance can affect each other. It is not yet possible to conclude about the origin of change and to specify which the cause of change and the main factors are, and therefore more research is needed in this regard.

In order to produce wheat lines with high tolerance to drought and cold stresses, Sadra variety was generated by a cross between Sardari (male) and promising line Azadi/Azar (female) in Maragheh research station. Results of studies in the cold and moderate cold research stations showed that the grain yield means of Sadra, Azar2 and Sardari cultivars were 2394, 2332 and 2214 kgha-1, respectively, so that grain yield of Sadra was 8% and 3% higher than Sardari and Azar2 check cultivars, respectively. Sadra has a good adaptability to different climatic conditions, so that the new cultivar possess a great potential to be more productive during years with higher precipitation. According to the results, the mean grain yield of Sadra, Azar 2 and Sardari cultivars under optimal rainfall conditions were 3330, 3045 and 2522 kgha-1, respectively. Sadra cultivar has good general adaptability and grain yield stability, winter growth habit, high tolerance to cold and drought stresses, date to heading of 137 days, plant height of 80 cm and 1000 kernel weight of 35 gr. One of the most important characteristics of Sadra is its bread-making quality, so that Sadra with Zeleni number of 33, protein content of 11.3%, hardness of 47, wet gluten content of 30, gluten index of 50 and SDS sedimentation volume of 55 has a great bread-making quality. Based on its high yield potential and other appropriate agronomic characteristics, Sadra cultivar was released for cultivation in the cold and moderate cold dryland conditions of Iran.

Release of new wheat cultivars with good characteristics such as high yield performance and resistance to diseases for specific regions under rainfed condition is an essential task for sustainability of wheat production. Saein was generated by crossing between: Azar2 and 87Zhong291 (with facultative growth type, high yield performance, good thousand kernel weight and resistance to diseases) in 1999-2000 in Maragheh Research Station. Grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 (as check cultivar) during 2006-2013 cropping seasons in Maragheh Research Station were 2601 and 2493 kgha-1 under rainfed condition and 3529 and 3223 kgha-1 with a supplementary irrigation at the sowing time, respectively. Results showed that Saein had also a specific adaptability in Ardabil regions and grain yield means of Saein (new cultivar), Ohadi and Azar2 (as check cultivars) in Ardabil were 1604, 1267 and 1355 kgha-1, respectively. Results of an on-farm study, in the farmer field in Ardabil province, showed that grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 during 2013-2014 cropping season were 2307 and 2275 kgha-1, respectively. The new cultivar is resistant to yellow rust, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust and also resistant to common bunt and dwarf bunt as well as resistant to cold damage, lodging and seed shuttering. New cultivar has winter growth type, white grain color, 76 cm plant height and 33 gr 1000 kernel weight. Based on its good characteristics, this line was released as a new wheat cultivar with the commercial name of Saein in 2015 and was recommended for cultivation in rainfed regions in Ardabil province, in the cold dryland areas in the north west of Iran and also in areas with the potential of supplementary irrigation.

In the current study, shear compaction processing was used for the recycling of aluminum machining chips and direct converting of them to bulk parts. In this processing, machining chips are first loaded in a cylindrical chamber, then a rotating tool with a defined rotational speed and aligned axis with the chamber is placed on the chips, in the following, the temperature inside the chamber increases due to the friction. Then, the process continues until all chips are transformed into a bulk part. After producing the samples, properties such as density, porosity, microstructure, hardness, and wear of the recycled parts were examined. The results showed that there is a possibility of transforming aluminum chips into a completely bulk part without porosity, with a density of about 2.67g/cm3 and hardness of more than half of the base metal via shear compaction process. The amount of heat during the process leads to the consolidation of the chips and nucleation of new grains with dynamic recrystallization. Finally, a review of the total results and properties of the recycled samples showed that they could be used as a industrial part directly or after a secondary process.

Functional dysfunction has been reported as one of the most important consequences of functional ankle instability injury. One of the newest tools used to rehabilitate musculoskeletal injuries is suspension training with TRX )Total Body Resistance Exercise(. However, so far, its effect on the various functional factors in athletes with functional ankle instability has not been determined.  Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of suspension training with TRX on the performance scores of athletes with functional ankle instability.

30 male athletes with functional ankle instability were selected and then randomly assigned into the control and training groups. The subjects were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects' performance was assessed by side hop test, figure 8 test, and three single-leg hop test. The training group performed 18 training sessions of 45 minutes during 6 weeks. During 6 weeks, control group were asked to not perform any special exercise. Then, the post-test was performed in both groups. In order to compare the scores of functional tests between two groups, paired t-test and covariance analysis were used. Significant level was considered as p≤0.05 in all statistical analyzes.

The results of statistical tests showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of each of the three side hop test (p=0.001) figure 8 test (p=0.001), and three single-leg hop tests (p=0.001) between the two groups in the post-test. Therefore, that subjects of the TRX training group had better performance in all three tests than those in the control group.

Since the results of this study showed that performing TRX suspension training can improve the performance of athletes in side-hop test, figure 8 test and triple hop test, therefore it recommended that all sport trainers use the exercises used in this study to improve the performance of athletes with functional ankle instability.

In this paper, modeling, analyzing and controlling nonlinear systems using Polytopic linear models is considered. First, the output tracking problem is investigated for the state of the system as compared to the affine input, and then the problem is solved for the non-affine state. In the state of determining the parameters of each region to increase the problem solving speed we determine the weighted function in a specific manner that prevents interference between the regions and by solving an linear inequality matrix of controller design , in contrast to the past, it is not necessary to solve a bilinear matrix inequality and only by solving a linear one, the controller will be designed. To stability and design of the controller, a method is used to ensure both the stability of the approximate model (polytopic) and the stability of the main model (nonlinear). Finally, the results are taken and the methods proposed are used to  design of an elastic missile  system.

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of egg yolk for coating and storing spermatozoa. Ejaculates were collected from four rams. In each session، second ejaculates (n=4) were collected in a tube containing 1 mL coating buffers which were prepared by 10، 15 or 20% egg yolk plus Tris-fructose. Samples were pooled، centrifuged and the supernatant removed in the laboratory. The pellets were diluted with Tris-fructose containing egg yolk which was equal to its concentration in coating. To perform four replicates for each sample، diluted sample was split into four parts then each part was split into two fractions. One of them (cold-shock) was suddenly put on ice water and the other was chilled at 0. 25°C/min until 5°C. Aliquots were kept at 5°C for 36 h and sperm motility، viability and functional membrane integrity were determined at 0، 12، 24 and 36 h. The results showed that functional membrane integrity was highest in 20% yolk egg under gradual cooling at 0، 24 and 36 h (85. 7، 75. 9 and 71. 7%،respectively; P<0. 05). In the presence of 20% egg yolk، sperm viability was highest under cold-shock (74. 8%) and gradual cooling (78. 5%) and sperm motility was lower in cold-shock than gradual cooling at all storage times (76. 9، 60. 7، 36. 2 and 27. 7% vs. 85. 4، 73. 1، 54. 6 and 40. 8%، respectively; P<0. 05). Therefore، 20% egg yolk can improve coated sperm longevity in normal gradual cooling; but it does not prevent the destructive effect of cold-shock from taking place.

Asthma is a common chronic illness in children that effects patients` and their families` quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered Empowerment Model on quality of life of school aged children with asthma.

This study was a quasi-experimental research on 172 children between 6 and12 years old، whom were referred to asthma clinic in Kerman Afzalipoor Hospital. For this purpose، in control and experimental group were selected based on convenience sampling. Data was gathered using «Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire» and was approved with content validity and reliability (α=0. 80). The model has four stages (increase knowledge، self-empowerment، self-steam and evaluation) and was used in discussions، demonstrations and cooperative leanings with experimental group. The participants completed questionnaire before and after intervention. For data analysis SPSS/16 was used.

Results showed that before intervention there was not any significant difference between two groups in quality of life scores. However، after intervention، quality of life scores in experimental and between two groups was different (p<0. 05).

Findings showed that the designed model has improved quality of life in children (symptoms، activity limitation، and emotional function). Hence، usage of this model is also suggested for other chronic illness.

This study was conducted with 18 advanced durum genotypes and two check cultivars, Zardak (durum check) and Sardari (Bread wheat check), under rainfed and supplemental irrigation in field and also under stress (polyethylene glycol) and non-stress (distilled water) conditions in laboratory in Sararood station during growing seasons 2004-5 and 2005-6. The genotypes were significantly varied based on analysis of variance and mean comparison for the studied agro-physiologic traits. In the both growing seasons, the genotypes No. 9, 15 and 19 had the highest grain yield under rain-fed condition. Tthe genotypes No. 13 and 16 for 2004-05 and the genotypes No. 8, 12 and 19 for 2005-06 had the highest grain yield performance under supplemental irrigation. The genotype No-16 with the highest yield across environments had the highest STI and TOL, whereas the genotype No. 8 with the lowest yield had the lowest TOL and relatively low STI. The results of path-coefficient analysis for grain yield under rain-fed condition showed that the traits of DHE, DM, FL, Ped.L/PLH, PLH, RWC, SL had positive direct effect on yield and the others traits had negative direct effect. The genotype No. 19 had the highest coleoptile and rootlet length and for these two traits genotypes No. 6 and 17 were in lowest. The genotype No. 19 had the highest PIS and PIN and genotype No. 3 had the lowest. The genotypes No. 3, 9, 11, 14 and 20 had the higher GSI under stress than non-stress conditions. The STI as a field criterion had significant positive correlation with the traits of Root.L. and Root. No., which indicating selection based on Root. L. and Root.No. in laboratory condition may be useful and recommended for screening in field condition.

Corporate Governance is a set of policies, methods and processes that are carried out for supplying the interests of the firm's stakeholders. The aim of Corporate Governance is increasing the certainty coefficient of the firm's activities and management policies in connection to shareholders and all of the stakeholders’ interest. Therefore, it can be expected that there might be a relationship between Corporate Governance and financial performance. This research is also seeking for an answer to this question that "Is there a relationship between the corporate governance with different indexes of financial performance in Iran? In this research 80 sample companies listed in Tehran Security Exchange is selected. In addition nineteen mechanisms of corporate governance which are classified into seven groups have been selected and analyzed using fourteen indexes of financial performance that are classified into six groups. The results indicate that from seven general groups of effective corporate governance mechanisms, five factors correlates with a number of financial performance indexes. Additionally based on our results, corporate governance system in Iran has more features with indigenous systems rather than endogenous systems.

Seventeen genotypes of bread wheat along with three check cultivars were evaluated for some important traits related to drought tolerance, including germination stress index (GSI), rootlet number and length, coleoptile length, proline content of flag leaf, cell membrane stability, relative water content (RWC), excised leaf water content, chlorophyll a and b content, stress tolerance indices (STI and TOL) and other morphological traits under field and laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted in RCBD with three replications in Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Station, Kermanshah, in 2003-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons. At the seedling stage, the genotypes Bow"S"/Gen//Shahi, Ghods *3/Kavvko //Ghods *3/Ka z/ Kavko, Gene Bank-914, 4848 Mashhad/Tui "S" IRW92 1D6 and Roshan/3/F12. 71/Coc//Gno79. performed better than the others. However, in field conditions based on relative water content, proline content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll content under stress condition, and stress tolerance index, four genotypes were selected. Simple correlation coefficients revealed that STI had high and positive significant relation with grain yield, different traits in germination stage, and germination stress index, while showed negative and significant relation with cell membrane damage. Based on the overall results, four superior genotypes were selected for further stage of selection. The genotype Ghods*3/Kavvko//Ghods*3/Kaz/Kavko had most of the traits effective on drought tolerance as well as higher yield in both years

In order to select adapted and high yield barley varieties, regional yield trials were carried out using a RCBD design with 24 barley genotypes in Maragheh, Ardebil, Zanjan and with 22 genotypes in all locations Maragheh, Ardebil, Kermanshah, Kordistan, Shirvan and Zanjan. These experiments were conducted with four replications in three years (2001-2004). Simple and combined analyses of variance in all locations were done separately. Fmax Hartely used to assess the homogeneity of the error variance at various, showed that the errors variance were homogeneous. Combined analyses were done once with 22 genotypes in all rejoins then with 24 genotypes in Maragheh, Ardebil, Zanjan stations. The results showed that there were significant differences (P1 %

The majority of Iran’s area is covered by arid and semiarid climates. In these areas، wind causes more erosion compared to water. Therefore، determination of wind characteristics especially its velocity is very important. One of the simplest methods that can supply researchers with the origin of wind erosion in the shortest time is synthesizing sand rose model and interpretation of aerial photographs or satellite images. The main purpose of this research was to find the relationship of soil drift potential. Sand rose is a diagram that shows not only the direction of wind transportation but also the wind erosion potential. Using a formula، soil ablation potentials were determined for drawing sand rose. A computer program was used to simplify and speed up the computations and increase the accuracy. Two stations in Sistan – Balochestan province، namely Zabaol and Zahak were selected. These two stations are located on flat lands and are naturally faced with higher wind erosions. The two stations are faced with the 120 days winds of Sistan and have very high drift potential. The results of this study show a south- southeast direction of drift potential، which exactly matches the direction of 120 days Sistan winds. Interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images confirmed the sand rose study results because most of sand dunes showed a south – southeast direction of wind. Considering the location of sand dunes result drift direction، and the distance that sand can be transported، the locations of sand ablation was identified to be waterways and pediments of Sistan and also agricultural lands around Zabaol and zahak.