sara karimzadeh

Tea (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the Theaceae family and is an evergreen shrub indigenous to China and India. The plant leaves contain different kinds of important flavonoids and, hence, indicate many biological activities. To study the effects of UV-B radiation on the flavonoid content of tea plants, a greenhouse experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. In this regard, first, tea seedlings were purchased from the Fashalem Research Institute and then kept in greenhouse conditions. Then the UV treatment at 5 levels was performed, and the plants were harvested to determine the total flavonoids content using spectrophotometry and certain flavonoid levels by the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method in all the treated groups. The results showed that flavonoids levels decreased at the beginning of UV treatment and then increased at 12 KJ/m2S of UV treatment. On the other hand, the relative chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were reduced in the UV-treated tea plants at doses higher than 9 KJ/m2S. It was concluded that although cultivation of tea plants in habitats with high UV index tends to result in a considerable reduction in photosynthetic parameters and plant yield, it can cause an elevation in the flavonoids content and pharmacological potential of the tea plant.

Iran, as a country that heavily depends on conventional fossil fuels, is obliged to change it in favor of renewable resources. Renewable technology acceptance has not received sufficient heed from Iranian household consumers. This research seeks to address the question of what factors determine households’ incline towards solar panel technology for domestic usage in the Iranian context. To achieve the goal of the study a qualitative survey designed and an integrated theoretical model based on the modified framework of the Technology Acceptance Model, Social Acceptance theory and Diffusion of Innovation theory was developed. Data collected from 462 inhabitants of Mazandaran in 2019, who had not installed solar panels at research time. The internal reliabilities of the final measurement were all above 0.68 and validity coefficients for the constructs of the study were all above 0.56. Based on standardized regression weights the strongest total effect on the main dependent variable of intention acceptance (36%) is related to the perceived easiness of use and overall, the model explains 19% of the variances of the dependent variable.

A quick look at the form of housing in the country and other countries reveals this effect well. Today, architects and housing engineers make every effort to harmonize housing with the climate of the region to create a calm environment with bio-comfort for residents. In modern architecture, due to the increase in the price of energy carriers and the very high cost of cooling and heating buildings, many efforts are made to adapt and adapt housing to climatic conditions. In cold and tropical regions, this phenomenon has a strong effect on the household budget. Despite government efforts to help people cover some of the costs by reducing electricity tariffs and energy carriers, the burden remains on households. Therefore, the best thing to do is to try to adapt the houses to the climatic conditions of the region. Saqez city is one of the cities in the cold region of Iran that special attention should be paid to the compatibility of buildings with the climatic conditions of the region. In this research, the most compatible architectural model with the climatic conditions of the region will be identified and introduced using conventional scientific indicators in Iran and the world, and at the same time the degree of compliance of old and new architecture in Saqez with the compatible model will be examined and evaluated.

Various explanations are offered about the consumption of goods and services. This study has investigated the sociological explanation of consumption with a new reflexive perspective and has focused on its moral dimension in the citizens’ everyday actions. There are two main goals in this study; the first one is identifying the role of morality in the everyday consumption patterns and the second one is the investigating of the governmental-citizenship interactions on the morality of consumption. By adopting deep semi-structured interview among Urmia citizens, data were collected from 20 informants and by using coding process the authors found that not only there is a lack of attention to morality in consumption choices among the participants but also there is a kind of protesting behavioral pattern regarding structural and governmental policies that is named “reflexive consumption”. Reflexive consumption indicates that current consumption pattern among citizens is a reaction to government’s poor performance in environmental issues and lack of environmental friendly policies in macro level decision making. Reflexive consumption here is a kind of passive political consumption. In a paradigmatic model, casual conditions, predisposing factors and selective strategy that lead to core category are classified.

Overweightness and obesity is significantly increasing in developing countries including Iran. Childhood obesity can affect self-efficacy in various aspects of life including academic achievements and quality of life. The present study was conducted to compare peer interaction self-efficacy of school-aged obese, overweight, and normal children in Shiraz city.
An analytical cross-sectional comparative study was carried out. The sample size consisted of 72 primary school girls and boys (8-12 y) in Shiraz city. The sample was categorized into three groups (normal, overweight, and obese) based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were collected using "Children self-efficacy for peer interaction scale" (Wheeler & Ladd) and analyzed in SPSS running ANOVA with the significance level set at
The results showed that there was a meaningful difference between the three groups studied in self-efficacy (P Based on the findings, obesity and lack of self-efficacy are related to each other. The results were congruent with some previous studies. It is suggested that more research be conducted with regard to the general mental health level, IQ, and EQ.

The ecological modernization theory is one of the most prevalent and pioneering theories in the field of environmental sociology. The main idea of the theory is that in the late era of modernization, industrialization, technical development, economic growth and capitalism are not only compatible with ecology, but are also the man stimulus for environmental reforms. The aim of the present study is the epistemological critique of this theory from different aspects. With this in mind and using the general standards of criticism in the field of social epistemology (including the internal and external cohesion of the theory) and the specific standards of criticism (including administrability, dogma, and theoretical alienation), the ecological modernization theory has been reviewed. The main research question of the current study is that considering the social contexts of the formation of ecological modernization theory, what strengths and weaknesses can be considered? The results of the investigation show that in the ecological modernization theory, the maintenance of the ecosystem has mainly been assigned to technical development, and the social and political aspects of environmental preservation have been neglected. Through reviewing and criticizing the various aspects of the ecological modernization theory, it can be said that considering that the main focus of the theory is on the changing economy-ecology relations in industrial countries, it cannot properly claim environmental reform in other regions of the world

A review of recent research studies on gender differences in environmental issues found that women report stronger care about environment than men. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify subjective orientations of women towards environmental issues and their related actions. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and data analyzing, the authors found that although women express strong concerns, but because of some structural and cultural factors, these concerns don’t have any effective role in their everyday behaviors. The output of this contradiction between subjective orientations and actual behavior leads to creation of “tragedy of environmental culture”.

Present study examines the relationship between social capital and environmental concerns. In relation to social capital, different ideas and results have discussed. Some results indicate positive impact of social capital on environmental issues . In contrast, some researches focused on the inadequacy of social capital in improving the environmental sensitivity.
Theoretical part of this research, discussed about the arguments of opponents and proponents. In the empirical part of the research, hypotheses, by using cross-country experimental data, were analyzed. Methodologically, this study is comparative cross-country and the unit of analysis is country.
In this paper, the comparative-quantitative analysis method is used for data analyzed. Regression analysis shows that 22% of the variation in social capital is explainable by environmental concerns. Thus, it can be predicted that social capital has a moderate correlation with environmental concern.

In recent years environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society and the environment has become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. So the role of gender in environmental orientation is emphasized. Among various theories of the environmental sociology eco-feminism theory argues that there is a difference in environmental attitudes ​​and behavior in favor of women.
Goal: This study will investigate whether a potential difference of environmental attitudes between men and women could be explained by eco-feminism theory?
In this research¡ environmental attitude has been evaluated based on the Dunlap and Van-Liere (1978) scale. Methodologically survey method was applied with cluster sampling method to choose the samples. The main tool for collecting data was questionnaire.
Overall, the results showed that surveyed samples received a high score in environmental attitudes and gender has not a significant influence on people’s environmental attitudes. Hence eco-feminism theory that focuses on the further supporting of women towards environmental issues was not confirmed experimentally. This could be due to the absence of differences in the socialization of men and women in Iran.

Agricultural meteorology studies the effects of climatic factors on the living organisms (plants and animals) and interaction of climate and soil for maximum utilization of the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine Agroclimatic areas based on climatic indices including estimation of water, heat and effective precipitation requirements for wheat dry planting during the growth period. The data including average daily temperature, mean of maximum and minimum temperatures, monthly and annual precipitation, mean of monthly relative humidity, Evapotranspiration, transpiration, were collected from 10 synoptic meteorological stations in the province. Using FAO – Penman – Monteith was used to estimate the required water, temperature and density for wheaف dry planting. Descriptive calculation of data shows that the least water requirement is for Abatv Zarina station (352. 2) and the highest one is for Marivan and Sanandaj stations i. e. 388. 5 and 383. 3 mm, respectively. And the highest amount of Evapotranspiration and transpiration is for Sanandaj station (2. 47 mm per day) and Marivan (2. 52 mm per day) and and its lowest amount is for Zarina Abatv (2. 36 mm per day) and Bane (2. 43 mm per day). Marivan and Qorveh stations with 764. 9 mm and 314 mm, respectively, have the highest and lowest effective precipitation. Using GIS zoning maps, the data was located as the spot at each station of the province and by interpolation method, the maps related to the under study data were prepared. The results show that, about 25 percent of the area of Kurdistan, including the Northwest and West regions of the province due to its favorable climatic conditions is suitable for wheat dryland, and an area of about 47 percent including the east areas have a moderate condition and 28 percent of the province area i. e. Qorveh and Bijar cities have not suitable conditions for wheat rainfed.

Sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. There are many examples of residential buildings in Iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets the needs of the climate of each region. In Iran, due to having four different climate, hot and humid, hot and dry, mild, wet and cold, Different architectures (especially in aboriginal housing design) created in harmony with the climate that in such spaces, employing native materials that are least harmful to environment and to reduce energy consumption by using local materials, lead to enhancing environmental sustainability and sustainable buildings. Thereby in this research, try to consider Iran s native architecture in hot and dry and mild and wet climate due to environmental sustainability and saving energy consumption and briefly evaluated disadvantages of new architecture in these two climates in cases such as use of materials inconsistent with local conditions, improper building design, lack of energy saving and environmental degradation.Finally,we  draw to conclusion and provide guidelines on energy efficiency in buildings paying attention to the new technology.

The impact of second home tourism is divided into three categories: economic, social and environmental. The main focus of this paper is the social impact of second home tourism. The study analyzes social capital by comparing two rural areas. To collect the data, a research are made questionnaire with Chronbach Alpha reliability of 0.78 was used. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample which consistied of 228 people settling in Siyavaraz (with second homes) and Lirehsar (without second homes) for at least 15 years. The results showed that social capital in one village was not significantly different from the one in the other village. However, details showed that the level of formal social participation, social trust and institutional trust was higher in Lirehsar (without second homes) than in Siyavaraz (with second homes). On the other hand, level of literacy and rate of income were higher in Siyavarz than in Liresar. The study suggests further research in this area as second homes with positive economic effects and negative social effects seem contradictory.

This paper investigates the relationship between environmental attitudes and environmental behavior (namely, household energy consumption) in Urumia. In this study, attitudes of individuals at two levels of general environmental attitude and specific environmental attitude (energy consumption) have been studied. According to the research hypotheses, there is a positive and significant correlation between general environmental attitudes and specific environmental attitudes. General environmental attitudes were evaluated based on NEP and, methodologically, a survey method was applied with cluster sampling to choose the samples. The overall results showed that subjects for both attitudes received a high score, and there is a significant and positive relationship between general environmental attitudes and significant environmental behavior (energy consumption). The possible reasons for this result are discussed later in the paper and several suggestions are put forward for further studies.