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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

shiva golmohammadzadeh

  • Amiremad Kheirieh, Amirhessam Kheirieh, Zahra Mahdavi, Ali Mohammad Halvani, Amirmohammad Bagheri, Hooriyeh Nassirli, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh*, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei*
    Purpose

     Melasma is a persistent skin condition caused by excessive melanin production, particularly affecting women’s quality of life. It can result from various factors like sun exposure, genetics, hormones, medications, or inflammation. Effective melasma treatment requires products that can deeply penetrate the skin. The outermost skin layer, known as the stratum corneum (SC), plays a crucial role in delivering topical and transdermal drugs. Researchers have developed numerous strategies to enhance skin permeability and drug efficacy.

    Methods

     This review delves into energy-based techniques and nanocarrier systems for treating melasma, specifically focusing on improving drug delivery to the viable epidermis (EP) while overcoming the SC barrier.

    Results

     Physical methods offer benefits such as enhanced skin penetration but come with drawbacks like frequent visits, high costs, and the need for specialized equipment and skilled operators. Microneedle patches are gaining attention as a convenient physical treatment option for delivering multiple medications effectively, offering targeted delivery and minimal side effects. Nanocarrier systems like transferosomes demonstrate promise in enhancing skin penetration for treating melasma and skin hyperpigmentation. While they offer advantages such as high drug entrapment and improved bioavailability, challenges like stability issues and scalability hinder their widespread adoption.

    Conclusion

     Energy-based techniques enhance drug penetration but can lead to scarring and burns, while dissolvable micro-needles offer a convenient and effective alternative. Nano-drug carriers, like nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and transferosomes, show promise for improved skin drug delivery with their flexible structures and enhanced penetration capabilities, yet further clinical research is needed for definitive conclusions

    Keywords: Melasma, Hyperpigmentation, Energy-Based Methods, Nanocarriers
  • Sara Daneshmand, Mitra Niazi, Bahman Fazeli-Nasab *, Javad Asili, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, R. Z. Sayyed
    Hair loss and hirsutism have been major complaints due to increased concentrations of dihydrotestosterone. The plant Platycladus orientalis, with 5-alpha reductase inhibitor properties, has been used to treat these disorders. Its formulation with lipophilic carriers in SLN possesses high loading capacity and greater permeability to hair follicles. The present study aimed to determine the content of active ingredients in the extract of P. orientalis L. and to prepare and characterize the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of Platycladus orientalis L. extract as a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. The total methanolic extract was obtained following the maceration technique. This preparation was analyzed by HPLC using Quercetin and Cedrol as standard components. SLNs were prepared by high-shear homogenization and ultrasound. Four Glucire-GMS-Compritol-Precirol lipids and three poloxamer-tween80-Labrasol surfactants were further used in the formulations. Particle size, zeta potential, nanoparticle morphology, encapsulation percentage, crystal structure, physical stability, size, and zeta potential were studied 0, 3, and 6 months after preparation. Within 1-7 days after preparation, formulations containing GMS and compritol lipids became solid and jelly. Meanwhile, the formulations with Precirol as the lipid and Poloxamer as the surfactant with 0.3% extract exhibited desirable properties such as average particle size (192 nm), the encapsulation of the extract inside the nanoparticles was almost 71%, and good zeta potential. This formulation containing precirol as a lipid, poloxamer as a surfactant, and 0.3% plant extract exhibited greater 5-alpha reductase inhibitor activity, and it can be recommended to treat hair loss and hirsutism.
    Keywords: Cedrol, hair loss, hirsutism, HPLC, solid-lipid nanoparticles
  • Ali Moradi, Seyed Morteza Seifati, Majid Darroudi *, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahmood Dehghani Ashkezari
    This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and water solubility of Minoxidil (MXD) by producing its nanocrystal structure, which improves its vasodilator properties and promotes hair growth. In the current study, the hair growth-stimulating activity of the MXD nanoparticles (MXD-NPs) was compared with the hydroethanolic rosemary (RSY) extract on the C57BL/6 mice. The MXD-NPs were produced through a bead mill and ultrasonic process and characterized using various techniques. The cytotoxicity of MXD-NPs was studied on human dermal fibroblasts, and their hair growth-stimulating activity was analyzed in C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that MXD-NPs significantly increased the hair growth rate in mice compared to commercial MXD and hydroethanolic rosemary extract as they were delivered safely and specifically to the target pilosebaceous follicles. The follicular uptake of MXD-NPs was also increased compared to commercial MXD, leading to improved pilosebaceous follicle re-growth and hair growth in treated mice. Therefore, MXD-NPs have the potential to be a safe and efficient iso-formulation structure for hair growth promotion.
    Keywords: Minoxidil nanoparticles (MXD-NPs), Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), Cytotoxicity, C57BL, 6 mice, Hair growth stimulating activity
  • Mohadeseh Sadat Vaziri, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran, Homa Kabiri, Samira Nasirizadeh, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh*, Hossein Kamali
    Purpose

    The aim of this study was to characterize the undecylenoyl phenylalanine (Sepiwhite (SEPI))-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a new antimelanogenesis compound.

    Methods

    In this study, an optimized SEPI-NLC formulation was prepared and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, stability, and encapsulation efficiency. Then, in vitro drug loading capacity and the release profile of SEPI, and its cytotoxicity were investigated. The ex vivo skin permeation and the anti-tyrosinase activity of SEPI-NLCs were also evaluated.

    Results

    The optimized SEPI-NLC formulation showed the size of 180.1 ± 5.01 nm, a spherical morphology under TEM, entrapment efficiency of 90.81 ± 3.75%, and stability for 9 months at room temperature. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis exhibited an amorphous state of SEPI in NLCs. In addition, the release study demonstrated that SEPI-NLCs had a biphasic release outline with an initial burst release compared to SEPI-EMULSION. About 65% of SEPI was released from SEPI-NLC within 72 h, while in SEPI-EMULSION, this value was 23%. The ex vivo permeation profiles revealed that the higher SEPI accumulation in the skin following application of SEPI-NLC (up to 88.8%) compared to SEPI-EMULSION (65%) and SEPI-ETHANOL (74.8%) formulations (P < 0.01). An inhibition rate of 72% and 65% was obtained for mushroom and cellular tyrosinase activity of SEPI, respectively. Moreover, results of in vitro cytotoxicity assay confirmed SEPI-NLCs to be non-toxic and safe for topical use.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study demonstrate that NLC can efficiently deliver SEPI into the skin, which has a promise for topical treatment of hyperpigmentation.

    Keywords: Sepiwhite, Undecylenoylphenylalanine, Melanogenesis, Nanostructured lipid carriers, Permeation study, Brightener
  • معصومه وکیلی قرطاول، حسین آروئی*، شیوا گل محمدزاده، محبوبه ناصری

    مقدمه:

     قارچهای بیمارگرگیاهی با ایجاد فساد در محصولهای گیاهی و مسمومیت های غذایی تهدیدی جدی برای امنیت غذایی جهان محسوب می شوند. یکی از روش های شناسایی قارچها مطالعه میسیلیوم آنها با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) است. برای گرفتن تصاویر میکروسکوپی با وضوح بالا و حفظ ویژگی های سطحی نمونه های میسیلیوم قارچها، آماده سازی نمونه ها یعنی روش آبگیری و خشک کردن آن ها بسیار مهم است.

    مواد و روش ها

    تاثیر دو روش آبگیری و دو روش خشک کردن میسیلیوم دو قارچ Rhizoctonia solani و Rhizopus stolonifer برای مطالعه آنها با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی در این پژوهش، مقایسه شدند.

    یافته ها

    مشاهده های میکروسکوپی نشان دادند که در  R. stolonifer آبگیری با اتانول 100 درصد و خشک کردن و در R. solani در دمای اتاق و آبگیری با اتانول 50 درصد و روش انجماد نسبت به سایر روش ها تصویر صاف و با وضوح بالا تولید می کنند.

    نتیجه گیری

    آبگیری میسلیوم قارچها با اتانول 50 تا 100 درصد و خشک کردن در دمای اتاق یا منجمد کردن آن، روش های بهینه برای آمادهسازی آنها برای  مطالعه با SEM هستند و تصویر صاف و با وضوح بالا تولید میکنند و ویژگی های سطحی میسلیوم آنها حفظ شده و به خوبی قابل رویت است.

    کلید واژگان: اتانول، Rhizoctonia، Rhizopus
    Masoumeh Vakili-Ghartavol, Hossein Arouiee*, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahboobeh Naseri
    Introduction

    Plant-pathogenic fungi are considered a serious threat to world food security, causing spoilage in plant products and food poisoning. One of the ways to identify fungi is to examine their mycelium using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In order to take high-resolution microscopic images and obtain the surface properties of mushroom mycelium samples, it is very important to prepare the samples, i.e. the method of dehydrating and drying them.

    Materials and Methods

    In this research, the effect of two dehydration methods and two drying methods on the mycelia of two fungi, Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus stolonifer, were compared to study them with SEM.

    Results

    Microscopic observations showed that for R. stolonifer, dehydration with 100% ethanol and drying and for R. solani at room temperature and dehydration with 50% ethanol and the freezing method produce a smooth and high-resolution image compared to other methods.

    Conclusion

    Dehydration of fungal mycelium with 50% to 100% ethanol and drying at room temperature or freezing are the optimal methods to prepare them for examination with SEM and produce a smooth and high-resolution image, and the surface features of their mycelium are preserved and well-defined.

    Keywords: Ethanol, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus
  • Sara Daneshmand, Reavan Yazdian-Robati, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Jebraeel Movafagh, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei, Mehrdad Iranshahi, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh *, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
    Objective(s)
    In this work, we loaded Auraptene (AUR) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and performed an assessment on inhibitory activities of the obtained AUR-NLCs on melanogenesis. 
    Materials and Methods
    AUR-NLCs were prepared through a high shear homogenization and ultrasound method. 
    Results
    Entrapment efficiency and Particle size of the optimized formulation were 103.1±4.9 nm and 89.56±3.75. The TEM outcomes exhibited the spherical shape of our nanoparticles, while the DSC analysis revealed the lack of any drug-lipid incompatibility throughout the formulations. A prolonged drug-release was observed from AUR-NLCs when compared to the AUR-solution. According to results, this product can significantly attenuated the activity of cellular tyrosinase and ROS content with minimal cytotoxic effects in B16F10 cell line, which in contrast to AUR-solution. Moreover, the western blotting analysis was indicative of AUR-NLCs ability to inhibit melanogenesis through the suppression of MITF and act much more efficiently than AUR-solution.
    Conclusion
    AUR-NLCs can offer merits as a natural anti-tyrosinase agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentory disorders.
    Keywords: Anti-tyrosinase, Auraptene, Melanin, Melanogenesis, NLC
  • Fahimeh Hossein Pour Jajarm, Gholamhossein Moravvej*, Mehdi Modarres Awal, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh

    This study aimed to produce and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles containing the essential oil (SLN-EO) of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. The preparation was carried out using the high shear homogenization and ultrasound method. The biological activities of the prepared nanoformulation were evaluated against Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae under laboratory conditions. The particle size of SLN-EO was estimated to be under 150 nm (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.2) and zeta potential was negative. Morphology of nanoparticles was in globular form as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The loaded essential oil (EO) in SLN was calculated as 92% using the filtration-centrifugation method. The fumigant toxicity of EO as SLN formulation against E. kuehniella larvae was three times greater than that of pure EO. Similar results, but to a lesser extent, were obtained from comparing their contact toxicities. The fumigant durability of EO was enhanced by nanoformulation for up to two weeks. The nutritional indices of larvae, including relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), and feeding deterrence (FDI), were influenced considerably by SLN-EO compared to pure EO. The findings suggested the solid lipid nanoparticles as a suitable nanocarrier for EO in sustainable control management of Mediterranean flour moth.

    Keywords: nanoformulation, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Ephestia kuehniella, durability, nutritional indices
  • طاهره عربی*، رضا فرهوش، محبت محبی، شیوا گل محمدزاده
    سابقه و هدف
    در سال های اخیر استفاده از هیدروکلوئیدها در صنایع غذایی توسعه قابل توجهی نموده است. اگر چه میزان استفاده از آنها در سیستم های غذایی معمولا در غلظت های کمتر از یک در صد صورت می گیرد، اما حضور آنها می تواند تاثیر مهمی بر بافت، طعم، زمان ماندگاری و خصوصیات ارگانولپتیکی مواد غذایی داشته باشد. اهمیت و کاربرد هیدروکلوئیدها به خواص عملکردی آنها بستگی دارد، این خواص در مواد غذایی تحت تاثیر ساختمان مولکولی و غلظت هیدروکلوئید و همچنین واکنش هیدروکلوئید با سایر ترکیبات ماده غذایی (نمک ها، قندها، چربی ها و پروتئین)، pH و شرایط فراوری (مانند دما) می باشد. بررسی تاثیر عوامل موثر بر استخراج هیدروکلوئید برای یافتن شرایط بهینه استخراج از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. در این پژوهش نیز تاثیر تیمارهای فرایند استخراج آبی بر ویژگی های شیمیایی و خصوصیات رئولوژیکی صمغ دانه شنبلیله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
    مواد و روش ها
    در این مطالعه اثر نمک های کلرید سدیم و کلرید پتاسیم در سطوح 3 و 5 درصد و pH های 3 و 6، بر ترکیبات شیمیایی شامل پروتئین، چربی، خاکستر و رطوبت صمغ های بدست آمده از دانه شنبلیله بر اساس روش های استاندارد (AOAC 2005) اندازه گیری شد. قند کل با روش فنول-سولفوریک اسید با استفاده از D- گلوکز به عنوان استاندارد در 490 نانومتر تعیین شد. خصوصیات رئولوژیکی محلول های صمغ دانه شنبلیله توسط ویسکومتر چرخشی بروکفیلد برای غلظت های (%1-5/0) صمغ و دمای 25 درجه سانتی گراد اندازه گیری گردید. مقادیر شاخص رفتار جریان (n) و ضریب قوام (K) توسط مدل قانون توان برازش شد. میانگین ها به روش آزمون LSD در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد با کمک نرم افزار SPSS 16 مقایسه شدند.
    یافته ها
    متغیرهای استخراج دارای تاثیرات قابل توجهی بر پارامترهای رئولوژیکی، ترکیب شیمیایی و راندمان استخراج صمغ از دانه شنبلیله بودند. بخش اعظم صمغ های دانه شنبلیله، پلی ساکارید با حداکثر مقدار 63/0 ± 22/84% در نمونه تحت تیمار 3% کلرید پتاسیم و 3 pH بود. راندمان استخراج صمغ به طور موثری تحت تاثیر نوع و غلظت نمک بود اما تاثیر pH بر آن معنی دار نبود. در تمام نمونه ها با افزایش سرعت برشی، گرانروی ظاهری کاهش یافت، که نشان دهنده رفتار قوی رقیق شونده با برش با مقدار (n_p) کمتر از 41/0 بود.
    نتیجه گیری
    بالاترین راندمان استخراج صمغ از دانه شنبلیله 63/1 ± 5/17% بود که در غلظت 3% نمک کلرید پتاسیم و pH 3 بدست آمد. مدل قانون توان به خوبی رفتار غیر نیوتنی صمغ دانه شنبلیله را در pH های مختلف و حضور نمک ها با ضریب رگرسیون بیشتر از 95/0 توصیف می کند. برازش داده ها با این مدل نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت نمک ضریب قوام (Kp) و شاخص رفتار جریان (n_p) کاهش یافتند. درحالیکه با افزایش pH از 3 به 6 و نیز با افزایش غلظت صمغ از 5/0 به 1 درصد، ضریب قوام و شاخص رفتار جریان عکس یکدیگر تغییر کردند. در غلظت های یکسان، نمک کلرید پتاسیم دارای بیشترین و کلرید سدیم دارای کمترین اثر بر ویسکوزیته محلول صمغ بود.
    کلید واژگان: خصوصیات رئولوژیکی، کلرید سدیم و کلرید پتاسیم، pH، صمغ دانه شنبلیله
    Tahereh Arabi *, Reza Farhoosh, Mohebbat Mohebbi, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
    Background and objectives
    The use of hydrocolloids in food industries has dramatically increased in recent years. Although concentrations of less than 1% are usually used in food systems, their presence can have important effects on texture, taste, shelf-life, and organoleptic properties of foods. The importance and use of hydrocolloids depend on their functional properties, which are affected by molecular structure and concentration of hydrocolloids as well as their reaction with other food compounds (salt, sugar, fat, and protein), pH, and processing conditions (such as temperature). Studying factors affecting the extraction of hydrocolloids is particularly important for finding optimal extraction conditions. We studied the effect of treatments of aquatic extraction process on chemical and rheological properties of fenugreek seed gum.
    Materials and methods
    In this study effects of 3% and 5% sodium and potassium chloride salts and pH of 3 and 6 on chemical compositions Including were studied. Protein content, fat, ash and moisture were determined according to AOAC Standard methods (2005). Total sugar was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method by using D-glucose as standard at 490 nm. Rheological properties of fnugreek seed gum were carried out using a rotational viscometer Brookfield for gum concentrations (0.5-1%) at 25 °C. The flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (k) values were computed by fitting the power law model. means were compared using the LSD test (p <0.05) in SPSS v. 16.
    Results
    Extraction variables had significant effects on rheological parameters, chemical composition and extraction efficiency of green seed resin. A substantial part of fnugreek seed gums were composed of polysaccharide (84.22±0.63% maximum) in the sample treated with KCl 3%, and pH 3. The efficiency of gum extraction was significantly influenced by the type and concentration of salt. However, pH had no significant effect. The apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate in all samples, which indicated strong shear thinning behavior with np
    Conclusion
    The highest gum extraction yield of fenugreek seed was 17.5±1.63%, which was obtained with pH 3 and potassium chloride 3%. The power law model adequately describes the non-Newtonian behavior of green seed resin at various values of pH in the presence of salts with regression coefficient in excess of 95%. Fitness of data in the model showed that consistency coefficient (Kp) and flow behavior index (n_p) decrease with increasing concentration of salt, while consistency coefficient and flow behavior index behaved opposite each other with increasing pH from 3 to 6 and resin concentration from 0.5% to 1%. Potassium chloride had the highest effect on viscosity of resin solution and sodium chloride had the lowest effect, with the same concentrations.
    Keywords: Rheological properties, NaCl, KCl, pH, Fenugreek seed gum
  • محمود ابراهیمی، محمد کریمی، فرانک دهقانی، امیر بی ریایی، نفیسه فرهادیان*، شیوا گل محمدزاده
    زمینه و هدف
    روغن کنجد می تواند در زمینه درمان بیماری های قلبی-عروقی مانند آترواسکلروز از طریق کاهش سطح فیبرینوژن و فاکتور هفت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هدف از انجام مطالعه کنونی تهیه میکروامولسیون حاوی روغن کنجد به عنوان یک نانوحامل دارویی با قابلیت بهبود حلالیت آبی و اثر درمانی مطلوب تر در کاهش فاکتور هفت و فیبرینوژن در محیط حیوانی می باشد.
    روش بررسی
    این مطالعه تجربی از اردیبهشت 1394 تا دی 1395 در دانشکده مهندسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد جهت تهیه انواع میکروامولسیون ها و نیز دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد جهت بررسی عملکرد نمونه ها در محیط حیوانی انجام شده است. در راستای تهیه میکروامولسیون ها با روش تیتراسیون، تویین80 و اسپن80 به عنوان زوج سورفکتانتی و نسبت های سورفکتانتی 8:1، 9:1 و 10:1 جهت رسم نمودارهای شبه سه فازی تعیین شد. در مرحله تست حیوانی خرگوش های سفید نیوزلندی در سه گروه دریافت کننده رژیم پایه، رژیم پرکلسترول و رژیم پرکلسترول به همراه میکروامولسیون دسته بندی شدند.
    یافته ه
    ا میانگین اندازه ذرات نمونه ها در محدوده 0/1±16/64 تا nm 0/2±21/16 با توزیع ذرات یکنواخت، پتانسیل زتا در محدوده 10/7- تا 18/4- میلی ولت، شاخص شکست نور در حدود 1/39، ضریب هدایت الکتریکی در محدوده 311 تا 297 میکروزیمنس و pH تمامی نمونه ها معادل 6/42 تعیین شد. تمامی نمونه ها پایداری فیزیکی داشته و نمونه تهیه شده با نسبت سورفکتانتی 9:1 با توجه به درصد روغن بالاتر نسبت به سایر نمونه های پایدار در مدت زمان 6 ماه، جهت انجام تست حیوانی انتخاب شد. کاهش معنادار سطح فیبرینوژن و فاکتور هفت در سومین گروه خرگوش ها در مقایسه با دیگر گروه ها مشاهده شد.
    نتیجه گیری
    نتایج این مطالعه نشان دهنده عملکرد موثر نانوحامل های دارویی میکروامولسیونی در بهبود حلالیت آبی و اثرات درمانی ترکیبات آب گریز مانند روغن های گیاهی می باشد.
    کلید واژگان: مدل های حیوانی، آترواسکلروز، بیماری های قلبی-عروقی، پژوهش های تجربی، فاکتور هفت، فیبرینوژن، روغن کنجد، ماده فعال سطحی
    Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Mohammad Karimi, Faranak Dehghani, Amir Biriaei, Nafiseh Farhadian*, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
    Background
    Sesame oil can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, by reducing the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. The aim of this study is to prepare a microemulsion containing sesame oil as a drug nanocarrier for improving the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of this vegetable oil on the reduction of the fibrinogen and factor VII levels in animal model.
    Methods
    This experimental study was performed for microemulsion preparation and animal test at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Cardiovascular Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, respectively, from April 2015 to January 2017. To prepare the microemulsion samples, Tween 80 and span 80 were selected as surfactant couple and surfactant ratios of 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1 were determined for construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The Zealand white rabbits were categorized in three groups: receiver of base diet group, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus microemulsion.
    Results
    The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 16.64±0.1 to 21.16±0.2 nm with a uniform particle size distribution. Zeta potential was in the range of -10.7 to 18.4 mV, refraction index was approximately 1.39. Electrical conductivity coefficient was in the range of 297 to 311 μz and pH of all the samples were approximately 6.42 for all samples. All of the microemulsion samples were physically stable and the prepared sample with 9:1 surfactant ratio was selected to investigate the animal test due to the higher oil percentage in comparison with the other samples that be stable over 6 months. Significant decrease in the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII in the third group of rabbits was observed compared to the other groups.
    Conclusion
    The results of this study showed the effective performance of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the form of microemulsion to improve the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of hydrophobic compounds such as vegetable oils.
    Keywords: animal models, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, experimental studies, factor VII, fibrinogen, sesame oil, surface-active agents
  • امیر بی ریایی، فرانک دهقانی، نفیسه فرهادیان*، شیوا گل محمدزاده، محمود ابراهیمی، محمد کریمی، محمدرضا کاظمی
    سابقه و هدف
    روغن کنجد دارای اثر درمانی برسپسیس کاندیدیایی است اما به دلیل ماهی بوده و میزان جذب و اثرگذاری این ترکیبهادر کاهش آلودگی بدن به قارچ پس از مصرف خوراکی چندان مطلوب نیست. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، تهیه روغن کنجد و عسل به فرم میکروامولسیون است.
    مواد و روش ها
    تحقیق به روش تجربی انجام گرفت. تویین80 به عنوان سورفکتانت و عسل در نقش کوسورفکتانت نوین با نسبتهای سورفکتانتی 1:2 ، 1:4 و 1:5 برای رسم نمودارهای شبه سه فازی انتخاب شده و تهیه میکروامولسیون با روش تیتراسیون انجام گرفت. برای بررسی کارایی درونتن نمونه ها ، 12 راس موش مدل C/Balb ماده انتخاب و در دو گروه6 تایی کنترل و مصرفکننده دارو )فرم میکروامولسیون روغن کنجد- عسل( دسته بندی شدند.
    یافته ها
    تعیین خصوصیات فیزیکی- شیمیایی، میانگین اندازه ذرات نمونه ها در محدوده 09/24-62/16 نانومتر، شاخص توزیع اندازه ذرات در محدوده 33/0-28/0 ، پتانسیل زتا در محدوده 3/10 -5/16 ،شاخص شکست نور در حدود 39/1 و ضریب هدایت الکتریکی در محدوده 279-249 میکروزیمنس تعیین شد. این نتایج به علت نزدیکی شاخص شکست نور نمونه ها به شاخص شکست نور آب، باالبودن ضریب هدایت الکتریکی نمونه ها و ریزبودن اندازه ذرات همراه با توزیع یکنواخت آنها حاکی از غالب بودن فاز آبی و در نتیجه شکلگیری میکروامولسیون روغن در آب بوده است. در بررسی پایداری نمونه های تهیه شده با گذشت زمان، پس از گذشت دو2 ماه، ناپایداری در نمونه تهیه شده با نسبت سورفکتانتی 1:2 به صورت کدر شدن مشاهده شد. به دلیل پایداری باالتر و نیز درصد روغن باالتر در نسبت 1:4 این نمونه برای بررسی کارایی درونتن انتخاب شد.
    نتیجهگیری
    به نظر میرسد مصرف این امولسیون در میزان آلودگی به قارچ در کشت خون و افزایش ماکروفاژهای صفاقی در موشهای مصرفکننده موثر است.
    کلید واژگان: میکروامولسیون، سپسیس کاندیدیایی، سورفکتانت، روغن کنجد، عسل، ماکروفاژهای صفاقی
    Amir Biriaee, Faranak Dehghani Ms., Nafiseh Farhadian, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Mohammad Karimi, Mohammad Reza Kazemi
    Background
    Sesame oil has anti-candidiasis therapeutic effects. Due to hydrophobic property of oils, their solubility in aqueous media is low which causes their low absorption and impact on the reduction of microbe compactness in the body. The aim of the present study was preparation of a mixture containing sesame oil and honey based on microemulsion form.
    Materials and Methods
    An experimental study was conducted. Tween 80 as surfactant and honey as co-surfactant with various proportions of surfactant/co-surfactant as 4:1 ,2:1, and 5:1 were selected to plot pseudo ternary phase diagram. Microemulsion preparation was performed based on the titration method. An in vivo study was performed on 12 BALB/C mice which were divided into two groups. Each group had six mice as the control group and drug consumer group (microemulsion including honey and sesame oil).
    Results
    Physicochemical properties of the microemulsion samples showed that the mean particle size is in the range of 24.09-16.62 nm with a homogeny particle size distribution between 0.33-0.28. Zeta potential was in the range of 16.5-10.3- and refractive indices and conductivity coefficient were about 1.39 and 279-249 μS, respectively. These results confirm the formation of oil in water microemulsion due to calculated refractive indices near water value, higher value of conductivity coefficient, and small particle size. Stability test during time showed that samples with 2:1 surfactant to co-surfactant ratio were not stable after two months. Samples with 4:1 surfactant/co-surfactant ratio were selected for in vivo evaluation due to higher stability and oil content.
    Conclusion
    It seems that using emulsion is effective in contamination with fungi in blood culture and increased peritoneal macrophages in mice.
    Keywords: Microemulsion, Candidate sepsis, surfactant, sesame oil, honey, peritoneal macrophage
  • مریم امیرچقماقی، جواد سرآبادانی، مجید شجاعی، شیوا گل محمدزاده، ژیلا طاهرزاده، آلا قاضی
    مقدمه
    برای تسریع روند درمان و بهبودی بیمار و جهت پیشگیری از عواقب نامطلوب پزشکی، دندان پزشکان باید از خطاهای نسخه نویسی آگاه باشند. مطالعه ی حاضر، با هدف بررسی رفتار نسخه نویسی و اشکالات رایج نسخه نویسی در نسخ دندان پزشکان استان خراسان رضوی انجام گردید.
    مواد و روش ها
    در این مطالعه، تعداد 1108 نسخه مربوط به سازمان های بیمه ی تامین اجتماعی و خدمات درمانی که از بهمن ماه 1394 تا خردادماه 1395 توسط دندان پزشکان استان خراسان رضوی تجویز شده بودند، بررسی شد. برای جمع آوری داده ها، لیستی مشتمل بر شکل دارو، نام دارو، دوز دارو، فاصله ی دوزها، روش تجویز، وجود تداخل دارویی بین اقلام دارویی در یک نسخه و تعداد اقلام هر نسخه تهیه شد. همچنین ناخوانا بودن نسخه، فقدان مهر، تاریخ یا امضای پزشک در لیست اشتباهات مربوط به آن نسخه ثبت شد. جهت آنالیز آماری از آزمون های دقیق فیشر و کای اسکوئر استفاده گردید.
    یافته ها
    بیشترین خطاها در نسخ مورد بررسی، مربوط به شکل ناصحیح دارو (17/3 درصد)، روش تجویز دارو (10/9 درصد) و دوز ناصحیح داروها (10/4 درصد) بود. میانگین اقلام تجویزی در هر نسخه، 2/36 قلم بود که در این میان آنتی بیوتیک ها (50/7 درصد) و سپس داروهای ضد درد و ضد التهاب (33/5 درصد) بیشترین داروی تجویزی توسط دندان پزشکان بودند.
    نتیجه گیری
    مطالعه ی حاضر، بیانگر عملکرد مناسب دندان پزشکان استان خراسان رضوی در مورد تعداد اقلام دارویی در هر نسخه بود، اما مقادیر تجویز آنتی بیوتیک ها و داروهای ضد درد و ضد التهاب بسیار بالاتر از مقادیر تجویز شده در سایر مطالعات مشابه خارج کشور بود. با توجه به درصد بالای خطا در نسخ بررسی شده، پیشنهاد می شود در برنامه های درسی رشته ی دندان پزشکی و نیز در برنامه های مدون بازآموزی دندان پزشکان، بر اصول صحیح نسخه نویسی تاکید بیشتر گردد.
    کلید واژگان: خطا، رفتار نسخه نویسی، تجویز دارو، دندان پزشکی
    Maryam Amir Chaghmaghi, Javad Sarabadani, Majid Shojaei, Shiva Gol Mohammadzadeh, Zhila Taherzadeh, Ala Ghazi
    Introduction
    To expedite the process of treatment, recovery of patients and prevention of medical adverse effects, dentists should be aware of prescription errors. This study aimed to investigate prescription behavior of dentists and common prescription errors by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province.
    Materials and Methods
    In this study, 1108 prescriptions by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province from Fenruary 2016 to July 2016, from Social Security and Therapeutic Services insurance organizations were evaluated. To collect data, a list was prepared, consisting of drug forms, drug names, drug doses, intervals of administration, route of administration, drug interferences and the number of items in each prescription. Furthermore, the lack of date, dentist’s signature or seal, and illegibility of the prescription were recorded in the error list of the prescription. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests.
    Results
    Most errors were related to incorrect drug form (17.3%), incorrect route of administration (10.9%) and incorrect dose (10.4%). The mean number of medications prescribed per patient was 2.36. Antibiotics (50.7%) and antiinflammatory drugs (33.5%) were respectively the most commonly prescribed medications.
    Conclusion
    The results of the present study demonstrated that the performance of dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province was appropriate in terms of the number of drugs prescribed per patient; however, the number of prescribed antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was higher than the reports in other countries. Given the high percentage of errors in prescriptions, it is highly recommended that the prescription behavior be included in the curricula of dentistry and be emphasized in continuous education programs for dentists.
    Keywords: Dentistry, Drug prescription, Error, Prescription behavior
  • Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Faranak Dehghani, Nafiseh Farhadian, Mohammad Karimi, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh *
    Objective(s)
    Sesame oil is a lipophilic compound and has low aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. It is possible to enhance sesame oil solubility in aqueous media by applying the microemulsion system in the form of oil-in-water. In this study, the anti-cholesterol and anti-Apoptotic effects of a new combination of sesame oil and honey in a microemulsion form for cardiac muscle cells Apoptosis treatment were investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    Two different formulations were prepared. Tween 80 was used as the main surfactant in both formulations. In the first formulation, glycerin was applied as co-surfactant. Span 80 was applied as a mixed surfactant in the second formulation.
    Results
    Characterization results showed that the average size of droplets of microemulsion samples were in the range of 16.6±0.1-64.6±0.2 nm with a poly dispersity index (PDI) value of less than 0.5. No turbidity and phase sedimentation were observed in certain samples in a period of 6 months after the preparation, which confirmed the high stability of samples. The in-vivo results in Wistar male rats with heart failure showed that applying sesame oil and honey in the microemulsion form caused a significant reduction in the Apoptosis level. In addition, favorable therapeutic effects for microemulsion administration was observed in comparison to the Atorvastatin drug consumption. Furthermore, the protective effect of microemulsion dosage was more obvious with increasing the oil percentage and adding honey as a hydrophilic additive.
    Conclusion
    Results confirmed that the new formulation containing sesame oil and honey as natural components with nano particle size could be useful for cardiac muscle cells Apoptosis treatment.
    Keywords: Sesame oil, Microemulsion, Apoptosis, Cardiac muscle cells, In-vivo performance
  • Mahboobeh Nasseri, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh*, Hossein Arouiee, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Hossein Neamati
    Objective(s)
    The aim of the present study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO).
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, Z. multiflora essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ZE-SLNs) were prepared to improve its efficiency in controlling some fungal pathogens. SLNs containing Z. multiflora essential oil were prepared by high shear homogenization and ultra sound technique. ZEO-SLNs contained 0.03% ZEO in 5% of lipid phase (Glyceryl monostearate-GMS and Precirol® ATO 5).Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 (2.5% w/v) were used as surfactant in the aqueous phase. The antifungal efficacy of ZE-SLNs and ZEO was compared under in vitro conditions.
    Results
    The particle size of ZE-SLNs was around 255.5±3 nm with PDI of 0.369±0.05 and zeta potential was about -37.8±0.8 mV. Encapsulation efficacy of ZE-SLNs in crystalline form was 84±0.92%. The results showed that the ZEO and ZE-SLNs had 54 and 79% inhibition on the growth of fungal pathogens, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) under in vitro conditions for the ZEO on the fungal pathogens of Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer was 300, 200, 300, 200, 200 and 200 ppm, respectively, for ZE-SLNs, it was 200, 200, 200, 100, 50 and 50 ppm. The antifungal efficacy of ZE-SLNs was significantly more than ZEO.
    Conclusion
    Our results showed that the SLNs were suitable carriers for Z. multiflora essential oil in controlling the fungal pathogens and merits further investigation.
    Keywords: Essential oil, Minimum inhibitory, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Zataria multiflora
  • Pouran Layegh, Masoud Maleki, Seyed Reza Mousavi, Hadis Yousefzadeh, Akram Momenzadeh, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahdi Balali, Mood
    Background
    Despite almost the three decades passed since the chemical attacks of Iraqi’s army against the Iranian troops, some veterans are still suffering from long-term complications of sulfur mustard (SM) poisoning, including certain skin complaints specially dryness, burning, and pruritus. We thus aimed to evaluate the skin’s water and lipid content in patients with a disability of >25% due to complications of SM poisoning and compare them with a matched control group.
    Materials And Methods
    Sixty-nine male participants were included in this study; 43 SM-exposed patients, and 26 normal controls from their close relatives. The water and lipid content was measured in four different locations: Extensor and flexor sides of forearms and lateral and medial sides of legs by the Corneometer CM 820/Sebumeter SM 810. Collected data was analyzed and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
    Results
    The mean age of the patients and controls was 49.53 ± 11.34 (ranges: 40-71) and 29.08 ± 8.836 (ranges: 15-49 years), respectively. In the veterans group, the main cutaneous complaint was itching and skin dryness. Cherry angioma, dry skin, and pruritus were significantly more common in the SM-exposed cases than in the controls. (P = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.04, respectively). The moisture and lipid content of all areas were lower in the SM-exposed group, but it was only significant in skin sebum of lateral sides of legs (P = 0.02).
    Conclusion
    Exposure to SM could decrease the function of stratum corneum and lipid production as a barrier, even after several years of its exposure.
    Keywords: Epidermal hydration, skin lipid, sulfur mustard, xerosis
  • Bahman Khameneh, Vahid Halimi, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh*
    Objective(s)
    In the current study, sunscreen and moisturizing properties of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-safranal formulations were evaluated.
    Materials And Methods
    Series of SLN were prepared using glyceryl monostearate, Tween 80 and different amounts of safranal by high shear homogenization, and ultrasound and high-pressure homogenization (HPH) methods. SLN formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, morphology, thermal properties, and encapsulation efficacy. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the products was determined in vitro using transpore tape. The moisturizing activity of the products was also evaluated by corneometer.
    Results
    The SPF of SLN-safranal formulations was increased when the amount of safranal increased. Mean particle size for all formulas was approximately 106 nm by probe sonication and 233 nm using HPH method. The encapsulation efficiency of safranal was around 70% for all SLN-safranal formulations.
    Conclusion
    The results conclude that SLN-safranal formulations were found to be effective for topical delivery of safranal and succeeded in providing appropriate sunscreen properties.
    Keywords: Moisturizing activity Safranal Saffron Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Sunscreen
  • Pouran Layegh, Navid Mosallaei, Danial Bagheri, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
    Topical retinoids are considered as the first line therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris, but they are associated with cutaneous irritation. In this study, isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(IT-SLN) were prepared to treat the mild to moderate acne. Also using IT-SLN would minimize IT adverse effects in comparison to commercial product, Isotrex®. This study was conducted to prepare and characterize IT-SLN and assessing the efficiency of IT-SLN comparing to Isotrex® acne. IT-SLN was prepared using hot high pressure homogenization method. IT-SLN contained 0.05% IT in 5% of lipid phase (Glyceryl monostearate- GMS) and tween 80 (2.5 % w/v) was used as surfactant in the aqueous phase. IT-SLN was characterized by particle size analyzing, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Encapsulation efficacy was also obtained using spectrophotometry. The efficacy of IT-SLN was evaluated in a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study and compared with Isotrex®. Forty patients encountered in the study and divided in two groups. Treatment regimen was once-nightly topical administration accompanied with topical administration of clindamycin 2% solution twice a day for 8 weeks. The particle size of IT-SLN was around 60 nm with PDI of 0.4 and zeta potential was about -40 mV. Encapsulation efficacy of IT in SLN in crystalline form was 84±0.21%. IT-SLN produced significantly better treatment than Isotrex® in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions according to its recovery percent after 8 weeks. Also IT-SLN gained better global assessment scores. Our results showed that IT-SLN had higher efficacy than Isotrex® to clear non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions.
    Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), Isotretinoin, Acne, Clinical trial
  • Jebraeel Movaffagh, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Yousef Setayesh, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
    Background
    Sunscreen usage is a widely accepted method of primary prevention against deleterious effects of UV radiation. Also it has been known that moisturizers are useful for skin health care. Pharmacists are pivotal to advise sunscreens and moisturizers to consumers. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and behavior of pharmacists in regard to the application of these products in Mashad, Iran.
    Methods
    From May to July 2008, 76 pharmacists completed surveys by filling the questionnaire. In this descriptive study, 25 questions addressed to determine the demographic characteristics plus the knowledge of the pharmacists towards sunscreen and moisturizer application and their formulations. The factors influencing the knowledge were also evaluated.
    Results
    From the overall respondents women used sunscreens and moisturizers more often than men. The respondents generally performed very poorly on the knowledge test. Sex was not significantly associated with the knowledge. In almost all age groups the results showed that higher knowledge scores were associated with younger age. The results also indicated that the highest knowledge scores are in 6-10 year work history. The mean score of the knowledge in ingredients of the formulations received 8.38±6.49 out of 100 points. This study showed that higher knowledge scores in formulations were associated with having more knowledge.
    Conclusions
    A significant proportion of pharmacists do not have adequate knowledge concerning the sunscreens and moisturizers. These results indicate that more education in the case of cosmetics and toiletries field is necessary for pharmacists, specially the older ones.
  • Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Fatemeh Imani, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
    Objective(s)The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the nanoliposomes containing safranal as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer factor. Materials and MethodsThe experimental formulations included homosalate reference, nanoliposomes containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% safranal and empty liposomes. The liposomes were prepared using fusion method and homogenization. Homosalate reference was prepared according to FDA standard. Sun protection factors (SPF) of the formulations were determined by two in vitro methods; diluted solution transmittance method and transpore tape method. Studies of in vitro penetration of the formulations across mouse skin were carried out with diffusion cells. The percentage of safranal penetrated and retained in the skin was determined for the formulations up to 24 hr. The amount of the moisture contents of the skin before application and after 30-minute, 1, 3 and 5 hr post-application of the formulations were measured in human volunteers using Corneometer.ResultsThe results indicated that, the SPF of liposomes containing 8% safranal (Lip-Safranal 8%) was significantly higher than 8% homosalate reference. The proportion of Lip-Safranal 1% that penetrated the skin was low. There was no significant difference between the skin moisture contents after application of Lip-Safranal 1 and 4% and empty liposomes during the 7 hr post-application period. ConclusionThese results showed that in equal concentrations, Lip-Safranal could act as a better antisolar agent compared to homosalate and have no moisturizing effect in 1 and 4% concentrations.
  • Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of saffron as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer. The pollens of the saffron were dried and powdered in a grinder. The experimental formulations included a homosalate (8%) lotion reference, lotions with 2, 4 and 8% of grinded saffron, and the control lotion base without saffron. The lotions containing saffron were prepared like homosalate lotion reference according to FDA. The sun protection factors (SPFs) of the formulations were determined by an in vitro spectrophotometry method. The moisture contents of the skin before application and after 30 min and 3, 5 and 7 h post-application of the formulations were measured in human volunteers using Corneometer. The results indicated that, there was no significant difference between the SPF values of the 4% saffron lotion and the homosalate lotion reference. However, the SPF of 8% saffron lotion was significantly more than that of homosalate lotion reference. These results showed that in equal concentrations saffron lotion could act as a better antisolar agent compared to homosalate. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in skin moisture saffron lotions and the control lotion without saffron during the 7 h post-application period. Saffron can be used as a natural UV absorbing agent. The 4% saffron lotion showed an SPF value equivalent to the 8% homosalate lotion reference by an in vitro method. There were no significant differences of skin moisture contents after application of the saffron lotions and the control base lotion without saffron.
سامانه نویسندگان
  • دکتر شیوا گل محمدزاده
    دکتر شیوا گل محمدزاده
    استاد گروه داروسازی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
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