فهرست مطالب zahra rahimi khalifehkandi

Despite fundamental advancements in the understanding of health and the new strategy of the World Health Organization in enhancing the health of the individual, organization, and society, health education and promotion is a relatively new major in Iranian medical and health science. However, it has not yet been introduced as a specialist major at various levels. This research aims to investigate the challenges of educational quality and the position of health promotion and education.

The current study employs a qualitative research with a structured content analysis approach. In this research, 24 health education and health promotion specialists, and graduates were chosen using a purposive sampling method From September2022 to May 2023. Using semi-structured interviews, different people’s perspectives on the challenges of health education promotion were investigated, and After 22 interviews, no new code was extracted, but two more interviews were recorded to make sure, and sampling continued until data saturation (24 interviews). The collected data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman approach.

The challenges of the major of health education promotion from the perspective of the research participants include two main components: 1) scientific capacities (with sub-components of improving the curriculum and empowerment of professors and students) and 2) structural capacities (with sub-components of creating a position for the major of health education and promotion and determining the organizational level of employment).

According to the findings, the quality of health education and health promotion may be enhanced by upgrading the curriculum, elevating professors, and providing a space for the major. In this respect, introducing the major at various levels of society can be useful in attracting motivated and talented people to study at higher levels and training scientifically and ethically outstanding professors in this major. As a result, to adapt to the aims of health education promotion and to apply it and the way professors teach, it is suggested to implement a broad curriculum reform and hold meetings with policymakers to expose the area to decision-making levels.

Shoulder disorders are one of the most common problems in orthopedic patients. With the development of shoulder disease treatment methods and the invitation of new therapies, the need for a standard tool to assess shoulder function increases. One of these tools is a questionnaire that should have acceptable reliability and validity. Constant Score (CS) is one of the first shoulder scoring systems that has been used as the most common scoring system to assess shoulder disorders. This questionnaire was redeveloped in 2008 with a change in terms and methodology and is currently in use in many countries. Due to the lack of a Persian version, this questionnaire is used in inaccurate translation without any specific and standard instructions in Iran right now. As a result, this study provides a complete and standard translation of this questionnaire.

Daily spiritual experiences and spiritual care competence have positive health effects on patients and form an integral part of the nursing profession. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between daily spiritual experiences and the dimensions of spiritual care competence in nursing students.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 401 nursing students in their last year of the program. The participants were selected from nursing schools in Tehran Province, Iran, in the academic year 2019–2020. The required data were extracted using a demographic information questionnaire, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES), and the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software at the significance level of 0.05.

The mean (SD) of daily spiritual experiences and total spiritual care competence was 67.15 (16.33) and 101.77 (16.26), respectively. The personal support and patient counseling dimensions had the highest mean (SD) [22.10) 4.80)]. Among all these dimensions of spiritual care competence, only professionalization and improvement of the quality of spiritual care were predictors of the students’ daily spiritual experiences (p </em>< 0.05).

The professionalization dimension of spiritual care competence was identified as a predictor of daily spiritual experience in nursing students. Therefore, the researchers recommend the highlighting of this dimension in nursing programs to promote the students’ spiritual care competence.

Sexual child abuse is a form of anti-social behavior with the children that cause potential harm to the health, development and dignity of the child. Knowledge of children about these issues can help to protect themselves against sexual abuse. This study aimed to review systematically available documents about the importance of knowledge on self-protection of sexual abuse in children.

In this systematic review, “sexual abuse”, “self-protection” and “knowledge” were searched in Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, PubMed, and Science Direct as the search words, and after considering the inclusion criteria and excluding irrelevant articles, the relevant articles were included for data extraction. In the included studies, children were educated about sexual abuse, and questionnaires were designed to compare the impact of education and the level of knowledge in children before and after education.

Overall, 19 articles with overall 6582 children were found that were published from 1987-2020. The main awareness of children was from parents, educators and then the media. Age of the child, education level of family, good relationship between family members, adequate education by school teachers in the form of educational programs and even media play an important role in increasing knowledge of children about sexual abuse. Education to children, on average, led to 77.43% more awareness and as a results self-protection against sexual abuse and rape.

Insufficient education or lack of knowledge about sexual abuse is a critical issue in children. Therefore, it is necessary to design educational programs to increase their knowledge about sexual abuse and strategies for self-protection in this age group.

Psychologists consider the acceptance of spirituality as a cultural reality and by acknowledging the positive effects of spirituality on mental health, the World Health Organization also considers the spiritual dimension as the physical, social and emotional dimensions of human existence. Spirituality is a genuine and inner experience that It lies in the nature of every human being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spiritual experiences of students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

The present study was descriptive-analytical. The sample size of 500 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020 was estimated. For sampling, a list of students was prepared from the faculty education and the sample was selected by regular random sampling method through random number generation software. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with demographic questions and spiritual experiences. The collected data were analyzed after completion with SPSS 20 software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The mean score of the meaning-finding component in life was obtained at 57.98. There was a significant relationship between spiritual experiences and gender, age and educational level of students, while no significant relationship was found between spiritual experiences and marital status and residence.

In order to ensure the spiritual health of students, it is necessary to plan properly to create a meaningful atmosphere in universities for different age and gender groups.

  The changing nature of work in today's world has caused a large number of people to be engaged in sedentary jobs. In such cases, lack of physical activity can lead to non-communicable diseases and increase morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to provide a step-by-step descriptive design, implementation, and evaluation of a physical activity promotion program in the workplace using an intervention mapping approach.

Methods and Materials:

 In this study, evidence-based and theory-based intervention design, guided by the steps of an intervention mapping approach, to promote physical activity in the workplace is described.

Physical activity intervention was performed based on workplace as well as individual and interpersonal, environmental, and organizational goals. Interventions include using the Ministry's gym for all employees, consulting with sports experts and instructors, increasing the Ministry's sport administration programs, holding a cultural festival for the participation and cooperation of all managers, employees and their families, photography, and painting competitions, and helping physical activity assistants for follow-up and feedback. Communication channels included posters, pamphlets, labels, motion graphics, stands, booklets, and movies.

Intervention mapping ensures transparency of all components of the intervention and provides a systematic, theory-based, and evidence-based approach to interventions development in the sedentary behavior changes among employees.

Many accidents in industries occur due to unsafe practices and unsafe conditions. Occupational accidents endanger the health of workers and impose excessive costs on the employers. This study was designed and conducted to evaluate and implement a behavior‑based safety approach in an industrial workplace based on the theory of planned behavior.

The present study was a quasi‑experimental study performed on 90 supervisors of an industrial workplace. Behavior‑based safety interventions were performed based on the components of the theory of planned behavior using nine strategies of health education and health promotion, including skills training, participation, and social support. The data collection tool consisted of a researcher‑made questionnaire that was answered by the supervisors before and 6 months after the intervention. The collected data were evaluated using SPSS 22 software. The significance level was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the constructs of subjective norms, attitude, and perceived control of behavior predict the safe behavior of supervisors. After behavior‑based safety interventions, significant changes were observed in subjective norms, intention, attitude, and perceived control of behavior (P < 0.001) compared to before the intervention.

The results of this study showed the improvement of safe behavior of supervisors in the workplace due to behavioral‑based safety interventions using the theory of planned behavior. Accordingly, this theory can be used as a suitable theoretical framework for designing and implementing interventions to promote safe behaviors of employees in the workplace.

Happiness is one of the main components of mental health that plays an important role in promoting people’s health. This study aimed to investigate the status of happiness in students of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with students’ attitudes toward the field of education and the future of career in 2017.

This cross‑sectional study was performed on 500 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic information, Oxford Happiness Inventory; A questionnaire was used to measure students’ attitudes about their career future, which was completed by students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and descriptive and analytical statistics were used.

Findings showed that 72% of students had a good level of happiness. There is also a significant relationship between happiness and attitude toward the field of study. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between the career future and the amount of happiness. There was a significant relationship between gender and happiness

The study findings show that, by planning correctly in determining the fields of education and ensuring the future of the job, happiness can be improved among students. Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities take the students with the correct needs assessment in the field of business education in the field of study.

The present study was examined the age-friendly city of Tehran based on who indicators from the elders perspective

The participants of this cross-sectional study included 418 elderly people in Tehran who were chosen based on Stratified Random Sampling in 2018. The data collection tool was the World Health Organization (WHO)’s questionnaire of age-friendly city indicators include of Social Participation, Civic-Participation and Employment, Respect and Social Inclusion, and the Communication and Information index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 on the collected data, assuming a significance level of <0.05.

The mean age of the elderly was 66.86 years with a standard deviation of 6.31 years. The results of comparing the means of the age-friendly city indicators revealed the Social Participation index mean of 35.0, the Civic Participation and Employment index mean of 18.9, Respect and Social Inclusion mean of 18.2, and the Communication and Information mean of 24.5.

According to the results, the mean of the indicators examined was lower than the mean. Therefore, in the current situation, Tehran metropolitan is only able to fulfill the basic needs of the elderly and is far from being the ideal situation and is not able to achieve active aging for its people.

 Many occupations require prolonged standing during exercise, which is one of the most important causes of musculoskeletal disorders, causing pain and discomfort in the back, lower limbs, and especially the soles of the feet, resulting in improper distribution of pressure in the soles of the feet. Epidemiological studies also show a strong association between prolonged standing and pressure on the lower back and lower limbs. One of the ergonomic solutions to reduce the problems caused by long-standing activities is to correct the surface under the fee. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of ergonomic flooring and conventional flooring on the distribution of foot pressure in healthy individuals; based on that, the effect of using ergonomic flooring in comparison with conventional flooring, more appropriate distribution, and reduction of pressure in the sole can be determined.

 This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 16 students with a mean age of 27.87±7.31 and a body mass index of 24.15±4.31. According to previous comparative studies and data analysis obtained from pilot samples, by considering the 95% confidence interval, the samples were determined by the convenience sampling method. Each participant was measured at eight anatomical points for one hour at two different surfaces of ergonomic and ordinary floor. Foot pressure distribution using a pedar-x device while the volunteers were barefoot. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon using SPSS software.

 This study showed that the ergonomic flooring significantly reduced the mean pressure on the plantar pressure (p≤0.001). Also, there is a significant difference in the mean pressure of left and right legs in different anatomical points when using ordinary surfaces and flooring (p≤0.001).

 There is a difference between the distribution of plantar pressure in ergonomic flooring and conventional flooring. Ergonomic flooring has better distribution than the ground and reduces the pressure on the sole during static activities.

The Age Friendly City has been proposed by the World Health Organization to achieve Active Aging. The aim of this study was to evaluation of transportation infrastructure and urban space of Tehran city based on the indicators of Age Friendly City.

The present cross-sectional study examined the views of 418 elderly residents of Tehran on the indicators of the World Health Organizationchr('39')s Age-Friendly City in terms of Outdoor Spaces and Buildings, Housing, Transportation and Community Support and Health Services in 1398. Data were collected using Age-Friendly City questionnaire of the WHO.

Findings showed that the outdoor spaces and buildings indicator mean= 39.70 (the item of access to mosques and religious places has the highest mean (3.84), the housing indicator) mean= 7.80 (the item of proportion of the elderly house with its needs has the highest mean (3.15), the transportation indicator (mean =34.80) the item of existence of bus route to key destinations in the city and public centers with the highest mean (3.42) and the health services indicator (mean= 22.80) the item of access to elderly health insurance services has the highest mean (2.70).

Considering the situation of the health services indicator compared to other indicators it can be said that the city of Tehran has not had favorable conditions in this indicator. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the upward trend of the countrychr('39')s elderly population, health policy makers and urban planners should consider improving the quality of health services indicators for the elderly in Tehran as a priority.

CONTEXT:

Quality of life is significant in all stages of life, including within pregnancy. The hormonal, emotional, psychological, and physical factors specific to pregnancy can affect and threaten the quality of life of pregnant mothers.

This study sought to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors among pregnant women
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 pregnant women who were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy without any risk of high-risk pregnancy covered by a community health center in Yazd, Iran, between 2018 and 2019.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

The required data were collected using demographic questionnaire and HRQoL (SF-12v2) questionnaire
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and ANOVA statistical tests (P < 0.05).

Physical dimension of quality of life of pregnant women had the mean and standard deviation of 43.7 ± 7.3 and that psychological dimension had the mean and standard deviation of 31.5 ± 11.8. Physical dimension of quality of life was significantly correlated with maternal age, gestational age, body mass index before 12 weeks of pregnancy, mother's education and job as well as spouse's level of education (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the psychological dimension of quality of life was significantly correlated with gestational age, mother's education and occupation as well as spouse's level of education (P < 0.05).

According to the findings, attention to physical and psychological aspects of quality of life of pregnant women and demographic factors affecting it is essential for improving maternal and child health during and after pregnancy.

Lifestyle is one of the factors influencing health. The lifestyle of pregnant women undergoes many changes during pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic determinants affecting the lifestyle of pregnant women.

This was a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 300 pregnant women in Yazd who were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools include demographic information questionnaire and HPLPII profile. Data were entered into SPSS 18. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. Significant level was <0.05.

The mean score of health promoting behaviors of pregnant women was 154.9 ± 2.2. The highest mean score belonged to the spiritual growth dimension (30 ± 3.6) and the lowest mean belonged to the physical activity dimension (17.8 ± 10.2). According to the results, there was a significant relationship between age, education and employment of pregnant women and education of spouse with health promoting behaviors (P <0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, demographic, social and economic variables have an effect on the lifestyle of pregnant women and attention to it should be considered as a priority in planning related to providing health services and macro-national policies to improve maternal and children health should be considered

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is an acute febrile disease. It is one of the most common diseases among humans and animals.

Due to the presence of the disease in Iran, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of farmers about Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF).

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 300 farmers in north and south villages of Khorramabad city selected using stratified sampling. The instrument used in the study was a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in contact with the livestock. After completing the questionnaire, the data were analyzed by SPSS using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient).

The mean age of the participants was 38.94 ± 14.28 years. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants regarding CCHF were 18.46 ± 5.05, 40.7 ± 2.18, and 6.42 ± 3.40, respectively. There was a significant relationship between knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P < 0.001), and practice (P < 0.001) scores and the education level and marital status (P < 0.001). The results showed a significant inverse correlation between age and attitude (P < 0.001. r = -0.33), knowledge (P < 0.001. r = -0.42), and practice (P < 0.001. r = -0.39). There was a significant positive relationship between practice and knowledge (P = 0.001. r = -0.39) and attitude (P < 0.001. r = -0.39).

Due to the insufficient performance of farmers concerning disease prevention and health protection behaviors. implementation of an educational program to increase the level of knowledge could promote their prevention behavior CrimeanCongo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Population aging and urbanization are two global trends that together form one of the challenges of the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to the concept of age friendly city and its indicators.The findings of the study were classified into three areas of the history of the age friendly city, the definition of the age friendly city, the age friendly city indicators and Programs, and the content of each of the Indicators.The findings of this study can be considered as the basis for designing elderly friendly cities in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote active aging. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to the appropriateness of the criteria with the cultural and social conditions in Iran.

Nowadays, recycling has attracted interest as an effective method in waste management. Teaching recycling to students is of great importance due to the important role this group plays in the participation of parents. This research dealt the effects of recycling educator students on operation of parents in the separation of waste.
In this quasi-experimental study, a school as the experimental group and a school as the controls group were randomly selected. The parents of students selected, 100 Person (50 in the experimental group and 50 than the control group) participated in the study. After the needs assessment by researcher, a questionnaire was developed that included question on demographic, awareness, attitude, performance, and participation of the parents. One session of discussion with these parents was held to attract their cooperation with the students and also Educational program for students in the field of waste separation was performed. Then The effect of education on parents, one month and three months after intervention in both groups were assessed by questionnaire and data analyzed in spss16 with using descriptive and analytical statistics.
The results showed that, after the educational intervention, Separation of recyclable waste from non-recyclable, with 58%, was the highest scores. Also, after the intervention in the experimental group mean on awareness, attitude, performance, and participation of the parent’s changes were significant (P Findings of this research showed the positive effects of the students on their parents’ participation in recycling at source.

Due to physiological and anatomical changes elders are more susceptible and exposed to numerous dangers including elder abuse. Elder abuse is a complex issue; so that it is mentioned as one of the indirect predictors of death which it is hard to assess. The objective of this study was to make researchers become familiar with the concepts, types and indexes of elder abuse. To reach a uniform concept towards this issue will help to make more cohesive actions to track and reduce cases of elder abuse.
Different definitions of elder abuse and a variety of elder abuse, indicators and behaviors associated with each type of harassment was offered. The first and most important step in dealing with a phenomenon is to become familiar with the concepts and terminology position.
Based on the findings of this study, uniform concepts in the field of elder abuse and its different variety will help policy makers and planners have access to the uniform concept in this field. In addition, it is used in setting policy and related policies for the elderly to pay special attention to elder abuse as a specialized subject.