construct validity

The Persian version of Extended Version of the Knowledge of Parenting Strategies Scale is a tool with appropriate reliability and validity that has been translated and validated in 2022.

The present study was performed on a sample of 330 parents (207 mothers and 123 fathers) with the aim of determining the structural validity of this scale. Also, in order to determine the responsiveness of Persian version of KOPSS scores to positive parenting program, a purposive sampling was performed from 15 parents (9 mothers and 6 fathers) in an elementary school. In the form of pre-test and post-test design, a group of these parents was first pre-tested and then the training course was held in the form of five two-hours online sessions. Three weeks after the end of the course, the post-test was performed.

The correlation coefficient between the pre-test and post-test scores of the participants was r = 0.892 (P<0.001). After removing two items, the standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Persian version of KOPSS was calculated to be 0.717. In confirmatory factor analysis, another 11 items were deleted due to poor factor loading. In the final model of KOPSS-20, the indexes of fit were all acceptable. Univariate analysis of covariance revealed that KOPSS-20 is able to respond to the Positive parenting program and the effect size of this difference is at a high level.

The present study showed that KOPSS-20 is a tool with the adequate structural validity and is sensitive and responsive to the effects of intervention and parenting education.

The present study aims to examine the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the scale of Psychological Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence (EAPA-P) among Iranian women. The research method was descriptive correlation and the participants consisted of 342 injured women who were selected by available sampling. Participants completed Psychological Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence (EAPA-P) and Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2). The results of reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscale of direct strategies of EAPA-P were reported and indirect strategies were 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. According to the validity index, the correlation of spousal abuse factors (EAPA-P) with the psychological and physical violence sub-category of (CTS-2) was positive and significant (P<0.01).  Also, the correlation of factors of (EAPA-P) with negative negotiation subscale has been obtained (P<0.05). Results of Goodness-0f-fit index 0/90, Comparative Fit Index 0/95 and Root Mean Squara Error of Approximation 0/067 which Showed that the two-factor model of the two forms fit with the data. In general, it can be stated that (EAPA-P) has the necessary properties of validity and reliability and can be employed in family research studies and consultation.

Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object actively or passively. The aim of present study was development and validation of Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI). This instrument have developed based on Millon personality theory.

The sample include 99 participants that they randomly selected from 284 athletes which they selected in snowball sampling method, and they completed Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI) twice in two week. Data were analyzed in SPSS, AMOS and Smart-PLS environments.

The results of this study illustrate, the inventory has good internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha for subscale as sadistic aggression style (external-active, ά=0.62), passive aggression style (external-passive, ά=0.84), masochistic aggression style (internal-active, ά=0.84), somatic aggression style (internal-passive, ά=0.82), and total score (ά=0.72); and good test-retest reliability in the SASI's subscales in a 2-week period (0.70-0.81). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported four factors model of SASI; and finally the results indicate that the SASI has acceptable convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability.

According to the present findings, The SASI has acceptable validity and reliability. Implications for research and clinical applications of the SASI in an Iranian athletic population is discussed.

The purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girls aged 15-18 years in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 340 secondary school girls who were selected through convenience (accessible) sampling. Researcher made High-Risk Behaviors Scale (HRBS), Iranian Adolescent's Risk Scale (IARS- Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2011) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- Goldberg, 1970) were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that internal consistency, test-retest reliability and questions and subscales coordination were appropriate. Evidence of divergent and convergent validity with Iranian adolescents' risk behaviors and mental health showed that high risk behaviors scale had divergent and convergent validity. Factor analysis confirmed construct validity of the scale. Providing percent norms and standard can help to determine normative judgment. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the high-risk behaviors scale for Adolescent girls has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. Instruments for diagnosing ADHD in childhood are well validated and reliable, but diagnosis of ADHD in adults remains problematic. Attempts have been made to develop criteria specific for adult ADHD, resulting in the development of self-report and observer-rated questionnaires. To date, the Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) are the international standard for questionnaire assessment of ADHD.

The current study evaluates a Persian version of the CAARS self-report (CAARS-S-SV). Method of study is analytic-descriptive, from type of studies correlation-psychometric. In order to study the psychometric properties of the questionnaire in normal population, 1021 subject were recruited to fill out the CAARS-S-SV. To determine internal consistency and test consistency, Cronbach's alpha and the correlation between test-retest and test were used. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the Farsi factor structure and confirm the structure of the original American version. Also, in order to determinate the Criterion validity or diagnostic validity, the sample consisted of 74 adult with ADHD and 75 controls. A case-control study was carried out (adult ADHD vs. non-ADHD). The diagnosis of ADHD was evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). 

Factor analysis was done with a Principle axis factoring analysis followed by an Oblimin rotation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy tests was .912 (remarkable) and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was 3 (435) = 2011.36, P < .0001, indicating the appropriateness of the factor analysis. This three-factor model accounted for 68% of the explained variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the three factors was 0.802, 0.758 and 0.869 respectively. The Persion version of the CAARS–S: SV is a valid and reliable scale to discriminate between ADHD adults and controls. A confirmative analysis that was based on the 30 items of the original American model showed a high model-fit. Also, the results confirm the internal consistency and stability of the test.

The confirmative factor analysis results in such a high model-fit that use of the American version is justified with respect to international multicenter studies, for which this instrument will be highly valuable.

Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object actively or passively. The aim of present study was development and validation of Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI). This instrument have developed based on Millon personality theory. The sample include 99 participants that they randomly selected from 284 athletes which they selected in snowball sampling method, and they completed Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI) twice in two week. Data were analyzed in SPSS, AMOS and SmartPLS environments. The results of this study illustrate, the inventory has good internal consistency according to CRONBACH'S alpha for subscale as sadistic aggression style (externalactive, ά=0.62), passive aggression style (external-passive, ά=0.84), masochistic aggression style (internal-active, ά=0.84), somatic aggression style (internal-passive, ά=0.82), and total score (ά=0.72); and good test-retest reliability in the SASI'S subscales in a 2- week period (0.70-0.81). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported four factors model of SASI; and finally the results indicate that the SASI has acceptable convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. According to the present findings, The SASI has acceptable validity and reliability. Implications for research and clinical applications of the SASI in an Iranian athletic population is discussed