جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زنان ورزشکار » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

A health-oriented life is related to individual capitals in the direction of peace and comfort of people's lives; psychological capital as an individual capital can make an important contribution to the expansion of this type of life. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between psychological capital and health-oriented life. Health-oriented life has been investigated with emphasis on Veber and Cockerham’s theory based on opportunity and choice and psychological capital variable with emphasis on Luthans theory. Quantitative approach based on a descriptive and correlational survey strategy, using a standard questionnaire tool and researcher-made data based on a Likert scale. The statistical population was female athletes of fitness clubs between the ages of 20 and 45 years old in different areas of Mashhad city. Total Cronbach's alpha (0.839) and convergent validity (0.601) were obtained. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Descriptive results indicate that the average status of psychological capital variable (5.161) and health-oriented life (5.104) along with the components have been achieved in the medium to high range. The results of the hypotheses indicate that the components of psychological capital with the dependent variable have been obtained at a significance level of 0.05 based on the correlation coefficient (0.513) with moderate intensity. Based on the values of the beta coefficient, respectively, the components of order of meaningfulness of life (0.920), resilience (0.465), positive thinking (0.173) have had a significant relationship with the dependent variable. The independent variable and its components have explained about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable of health-oriented life. With culture building and education in the field of psychological capital and healthy life among women in relation to their being athletes, the areas of hope, positive thinking, resilience and meaningfulness of life as well as healthy life can be made possible.

Intense interval training (HIT) is an effective approach to improve performance in the short term, the effect of this method of training on physiological functional adaptations in elite athletes is still unclear, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of HIT on some functional and physiological variables.

For this purpose, 14 volunteer players of the Iranian women's national basketball team (with an average age of 23.0 ± 3.24 years, weight 63.6 ± 8.50 kg, and body mass index = 21.8 ± 3.15 kg/m2) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Before and after the exercises, the subjects performed 1 incremental test with breath gas analysis to determine some physiological variables and a Wingate test to determine maximum power (PPO) and average power (MPO). Both groups followed the same basketball training program for four weeks while the experimental group performed the anaerobic sprint protocol (RAST) as a HIT protocol twice a week along with the basketball training program.

The results of the ANCOVA test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in VO2max (p=0.001), vLT (p=0.011), VO2max (p=0.001) and maximum oxygen pulse (p=0.001). Implementation of HIT also caused a significant increase in maximum power (p = 0.03) and average power (p = 0.02).

The present findings showed that the intense interval training program with short rest periods can increase aerobic and anaerobic performance in the short term.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the externalenvironmental factors affecting the development of Guilan women's championship sport. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women active in the field of championship sport (athletes, coaches, referees and experts) who were selected through purposive sampling (n= 351). The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management experts, its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (0.83) and its composite reliability. Data analysis and model fit were performed using structural equation modeling in SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that external environment factors had a positive and significant effect on the development of women's championship sport and explained 81% of this variable. In addition, socio-cultural factors had the most impact on the development of Guilan women's championship sport, and the space, facilities, achievement and ultimately competitiveness of athletes were the most important and priority in development. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the authorities in the field of sport should pay particular attention to the socio-cultural factors of women's championship in order to develop and develop women's championship sport.

This study aimed to compare the postural control between female athletes with and without ACL reconstruction during a single-leg landing maneuver. In this cross-sectional study, twenty female athletes (10 healthy (without history of knee injuries or surgery): age=20.89±0.21 years, height=164.81±0.69 cm, weight=62.80±0.92 kg, and 10 ACLR: age=21.57±0.41 years, height=165.48±0.37 cm, weight=61.56±0.76 kg) performed a single-leg landing on a 30-centimeter platform on the center of the force plate (40×60 Bertec) and held their balance for 20 seconds. The data analysis was performed by SPSS version 25. Independent t-tests were used to examine possible between-group differences at the significance level of 95% (P ≤ 0.05).The results of the study showed that the mean of postural control index (Confidence Ellipse Area) in the control group was higher than in the ACLR group. In other words, the mean of postural control index was 68.47 cm2 in the healthy group and 60.08 cm2 in the ACLR group. Although the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament restores its mechanical role, it is not very successful in restoring sensory function; And this factor may lead to poor postural control, lack of sense of joint position, and finally secondary injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A growing body of evidence suggests that carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) can enhance endurance performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CMR on time to exhaustion and muscle electromyographic activity of female athletes during one bout of sub-maximal cycling task.

Ten active females visited the laboratory on 3 different occasions. In the first visit, peak power output was measured and within the second and third visit, each subject completed one bout of cycling task at 65% of peak power output until exhaustion under either CMR or placebo condition. Blood lactate and glucose were measured before and immediately after the termination of the task. During the task, heart rate, RPE, and electrical activity of the right Vastus lateralis (VL) and Rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded within the specified time.

The results showed a significant improvement in time to exhaustion under CMR compared to the placebo condition (p=0.007). The electrical activity of the VL muscle was significantly higher under CMR compared to the placebo condition (p=0.0001). On the other hand, no significant difference was seen in the electrical activity of the Rectus Femoris muscle, blood glucose, lactate, RPE, and heart rate between the two conditions (p˃0.05).

In conclusion, these results indicated that CMR could be seen as a strategy to boost endurance performance in female athletes. Besides, it seems that such an effect is mediated by CNS-related mechanisms rather than those related to carbohydrate metabolic pathways.

One of the stimulants of the immune system is stress and physical activity can cause changes in this system as a stimulate factor. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the response of an exhausting activity session to the concentrations of immunoglobulin-A (s-IgA) and total protein in the female players of the basketball team and inactive female. Two groups of 20-30 years old female were selected. The first group consists of 15 women of basketball players which have been active for about 4 years in the basketball team and the second group consisted of 15 people of inactive women of this city which had not regular exercises. In equal conditions, examinees performed Broth exhaustive exercise protocol and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after Broth test. Within-group data and between-group data were analyzed with the paired t-test and ANCOVA test, respectively. The results showed that in within-group comparison one session of exhausting activity significantly increased the concentration of s-IgA and total protein in both basketball players (p=0.001) and inactive women (p=0.002), There was also a significant increase in s-IgA and salivary total protein between two groups (p=0.002) (p=0.003). However, the ratio of immunoglobulin A to total salivary protein did not change significantly in these two groups. (p> 0.05).The results of the study indicate that the performance of one session exhaustive activity at the present conditions does not lead into disorder in the mucous immunity system of basketball players and inactive women.

Fatigue is a common phenomenon during sports activities affecting athletic performance. Core muscle actions can affect performance of the whole body and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscle fatigue on female athletes’ agility. 30 healthy female students, active in sports teams, accomplished Illinois, 505 and T agility tests on two sessions. The first was held before and the second after the fatigue protocol. Within group comparisons were determined with paired t test. The results showed that core muscles fatigue can lead to significant reduction in agility tests scores (p < 0/05). Further, Cohen’s effect size value of T (d=0/673), 505 (d=1/925) and Illinois (d=1/873) agility tests suggested a moderate, and high to very high practical significance. According to the results, it is recommended to perform functional exercises simulated to sport activities; including agility and core stability exercises to prevent fatigue and injury.

The aim of this study was to evaluate of the short-term effects of garlic supplementation on salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (Prox) enzymes, blood pressure and heart rate during and after a cycle ergometer endurance exercise in trained female.

A total of 10 volunteer female athletes (age: 22.12 yrs, body fat: 23.64%, VO2max: 39.27 ml/kg/min) randomly divided in garlic supplementation (daily 1200 mg) and placebo (daily 1200 mg starch) groups with counter-balance design. Subjects after 3 days of supplementation were performed a cycle ergometer endurance exercise for 30 minutes. The variables were assessed before and after the supplementation, during and after of exercise.

Heart rate at 5 and 10 minutes of physical activity was significantly lower after garlic supplementation in comparison with placebo. Also at 10 minutes of recovery, heart rate was lower than in other conditions in the placebo group. Systolic blood pressure was lower in those who had consumed garlic at the end of the activity. Prox enzyme activity in terms of both garlic supplements and placebo was higher than before of activity, and at 30 minutes of recovery was higher in terms of garlic consumption than placebo. SOD increased immediately and 30 minutes after exercise in-comparison with baseline and before the exercise. Also, this enzyme showed a significant difference with placebo immediately, 30 and 60 minutes after exercise (p<0.05).

It is concluded that garlic supplementation may reduce the heart rate and blood pressure during and after exercise activity and increase some antioxidant enzymes activity.

Aging in women and the incidence of amenorrhea can lead to eating disorders, obesity and dissatisfaction of their body shape. A total of 434 (108 athletes; BMI: 28.27±2.41, and 326 non-athletes; BMI: 35.11±4.13) Iranian women between 35-50 years old, participated in this study. The data were collected via a package that was consisted of questionnaires involving demographic, athletic history, menstrual pattern, eating attitude test-26, (The EAT-26 questionnaire) and female body image scale. The body mass index (BMI) was measured to compare actual, perceived and ideal body sizes Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation. The finding showed that there was no significant difference between eating disorder and secondary amenorrhea between athlete and non-athlete groups; but there was significant difference between body dissatisfaction, social pressure to change weight and actual BMI between two groups (P<0.05). The most rate of body dissatisfaction and social pressure to change weight observed in non athletes women (P<0.05). In general, it seems that exercise can reduce eating disorders and body dissatisfaction or fitness contribute to increased performance.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the existing problems in female championship sports in Guilan province.
It was an application research which uses descriptive-survey as its methodology. The statistical population included all active female athletes- at national, international, super league levels- in Guilan province as well as female coaches, sport experts, board deputies and referees. Statistical sample were 300 people who were chosen by self oriented way. A researcher made questionnaire which was approved by university professors and experts and was tested by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (α =0.91) was the data gathering tool. Descriptive and deductive statistical methods (Friedman, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and independent variable) were also used for data analysis.
The results indicate that influential factors in female championship sports fall into social, economical, managerial, technical and personal categories. Prioritizing the factors, it was found out that social and economical factors have the most and personal factor has the least influence. A significant difference also exists among respondents with different educational level and age groups in prioritizing the factors.
Female athletes have the potential to highest achievements in championship sports, but only if there would be administrative support to overcome the obstacles especially social and economic ones. Improvement in media coverage, attracting sponsors, decreasing athlete's economical problems, increased budget, change in social attitude and increased social support of championship sports as well as setting an example for young female athletes can solve the issues of this sector of sports in Guilan province.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. This study investigated the effects of core stability training on trunk kinematics including trunk flexion and lateral flexion in female athletes with neuromuscular deficit of trunk control to prevent ACL injury. Twenty-two female athletes were randomly assigned into a training group (n = 11), performing the functional stabilization training during 6 weeks, and a control group (n = 11,) without any physical training. The kinematic assessment of the trunk with motion analysis system was performed during a single-leg drop landing before and after training. After 6 weeks, the TG significantly increased the value for trunk flexion (from 20. 08 to 27.67), but there wasn’t any significant reduction in trunk lateral flexion (p=0.314). Core stability training program used in the current study successfully increased trunk flexion in training group. It can be stated that probability with increasing core stability, muscles recruitment strategy may have improved. We concluded that, 6-week training in female athletes with deficit in trunk neuromuscular control can result in reduction of modifiable risk factors of ACL injury including biomechanical and neuromuscular factors.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on serum prostaglandin E2 in female athletes after a single bout of exhaustive exercsie. 22 female athletes (mean age 21.17±0.78 yr, body mass 21.24±2.32, VO2max 40.55±4.97) participated in study and divided into supplementation and placebo groups. Supplementation subjects daily received an omega-3 capsule containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and placebo subjects daily received a placebo capsule for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the supplementation, before and after the exhaustive eercise. The prostaglandin E2 was measured by Eliza method. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance at P<0.05. Results showed that prostaglandin E2 increased after the exhaustive exercsie (P<0.05). Omega-3 significantly decreased exercise-induced prostaglandin E2. The results of the present study suggested that consuming omega-3 can reduce inflammatory response to exhaustive exercise.

Anatomical alignment of the lower extremity has been proposed as a risk factor for lower extremity injuries. Although, functional performance tests are dynamic tests are dynamic measures used to assess lower body function, there are limited researches on the functional performance deficits in patients with excessive pronated foot. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare functional performance deficits in female athletes with excessive pronated foot. 20 subjects with excessive pronated foot participated in this study. Inclusion criteria consisted of no injury of lower extremities within three mounts prior to the study, no history of neuromusculoskeletal diseases, and no prior surgery. Each subject completed a demographic questionnaire, and then the measurement protocol began, with the participant’s neutral foot serving as the control. Figure 8 hop and side hop tests were used to assess the functional performance deficits in both limbs. The total time of protocol was recorded with a handheld stopwatch to the nearest 0.01 second. Navicular drop was then measured using a modified Brody technique. ANOVA test was used to compare functional performance deficits in excessive pronated and neutral feet of dominant vs. non-dominant legs (p≤0.05). The results of functional performance tests indicated that the mean of total time of functional performance was lower in the neutral foot than excessive pronated foot and a significant difference was observed in functional performance deficits between neutral and excessive pronated foot (p≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between dominant and non-dominant legs as well as in interaction between the neutral–excessive pronated feet and dominant – non-dominant legs (p≤0.05). These findings indicated the effect of excessive pronated foot on functional performance of foot.

The aim of the present study was to investigate three important mal-alignments (pronation, tibial torsion and Q angle) as risk factors in ACL tear in professional female athletes. Twenty ACL – injured females (age 24.90? 5.75 years, height 167.05? 6.58 cm, mass 60.88? 5.58 and athletic experiences 7.70? 4.41 years) and 20 uninjured females (age 24.80? 5.59 years, height 166.15? 6.39 cm, mass 60.20? 6.08 and athletic experience 7.00? 3.69 years who were the injured female's counterparts based on their age, sport field and injured limb) participated in this study. Navicular drop, tibial torsion and Q angle were measured in both limbs. Mechanism of injury was non-contact in about 90% of cases. In 17 cases (58%), a medial meniscus injury was reported. The findings showed a significant difference in pronation and tibial torsion between groups (P<0.05). These was no significant difference in Q angle between groups (P<0.05). Also there was no significant difference in lower extremity alignment between injured and uninjured limbs of ACL-injured group. Therefore, it is suggested that the biomechanical risk factors are identified and athletes with hyper-pronation and internal tibial torsion are screened as they may be predisposed to ACL injury. It is also necessary for coaches to apply corrective and prevention programs.