مجله پژوهشهای جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و دوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

For geometric morphometric comparison of chub, Squalius turcicus,, in Ghezel-Ozan, Kasma, Palangabrud, Talvar, Tonekabon, Chalakrud, Divandareh, Zalkie, Zarinrud, Sefiedrud and Shafarud and Noor rivers of south-western Caspian Sea basin, 243 specimens were captured by a seine nets. After anesthetizing in 1% clove oil solution and fixing in 10% neutralzed formalin, specimens were transferred to the Isfahan University of Technology Ichthyology Museum (IUT-IM) for further studies. To study the variation of body shape based on geometric morphometric methods, 13 landmarks were defined on the two-dimensional images taken from the left side of samples using the TpsDig2 software. After Procrustes analysis (GPA), digitized data were analyzed using multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correlation analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis, also, network deformation changing configuration patterns of population compared to form of the consensus by visualization. Results showed significant differences between the populations studied. The major differences in body shape of the studied populations were related to the head and body depth, and position of the pectoral, anal and dorsal fins. The observed changes are due to adaptation to the habitat, which has been influenced by different habitat conditions and has shown different body shapes.

The current study was designed to evaluate the potential of chemopreventive activity of Carum carvi L. essential oil against the liver injuries induced by iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats. In this study, twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was received only DMSO soluble; non-treated group was received iron nanoparticles (Fe2O3), pretreatment group was received iron nanoparticles (Fe2O3) plus caraway essential oil in two different doses 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w (E.O100 and E.O200). 72 hours after injection, the liver and blood tissues of rats were separated. Liver injuries were determined by biochemical parameters such as glutation (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and also antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Histopathology analysis also assessed the different degrees of liver damage. The injection of iron oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced FRAP and GSH levels, but considerably increased LP level. In contrast, pretreatment rats with caraway essential oil improved the levels of GSH and LP significantly to normal levels. Pathological consequences also represented a decrease in the liver necrosis. The caraway essential oil protected the liver against oxidative damages induced by iron nanoparticles, and the liverprotection effect associated with the antioxidant activities of the essential oil.

Knowledge of the normal anatomy of various animal species is mandatory for the detection of abnormalities and diseases. Traditionally, the anatomy information obtained by autopsy, but now these information can be largely provided by new, fast, accurate and non-invasive techniques in live animals. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two common examples of these techniques. In this study, normal bone structure of the anterior and posterior limbs of Caspian Pond Turtle was assedssed by CT scan imaging. Five adult sepcimens of Caspian Pond Turtle were included in this study and their anatomy were assessed using a 16-slice CT scans. Turtles were anesthetized by Ketamine 10% at a dose of 25 mg/kg and diazepam at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Turtles were positioned and cross sectional images provided. The anatomical structure of the anterior and posterior limb of the Caspian Pond Turtle, including shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hand, pelvic, femure, legs and fingers is explained.

Diabetes mellitus in many countries among adults aged 20–70 is the main cause of blindness, amputation and chronic renal failure. Increasing blood glucose and entering glucose into the polyol pathway, is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes complications. Since the key enzyme in this pathway is aldose reductase, the use of plant or chemical compounds that reduce the activity of this enzyme can be used as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of chronic complications of diabetes. In this study, the effect of Gundela tournefortii crude extract and its different fractions in Lorestan province and also several anti-diabetes drugs on inhibition of Aldose reductase enzyme were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of crude extract and various fractions were determined. In the next step, the cow lenses were extracted, the aldose reductase enzyme was isolated by Hayman-Kinoshita method and the inhibitory effect of the compounds on the activity of the enzyme was determined. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest amount of phenol and flavonoid compounds and the highest capacity for the DPPH radical scavenging. Also, this fraction has the highest inhibitory effect on aldose reductase enzyme activity with IC50 = 0.019 mg/ml. This fraction had uncompetitive inhibition with D-glyceraldehyde, but it showed competitive inhibition to NADPH. Anti-diabetic drugs have been shown do not significantly affect the inhibition of the enzyme and are likely to affect other mechanisms of diabetes.

In this study eight microsatellite DNA loci were used to examine the population genetic structure of Acanthopagrus curvieri, .170 individuals from four sites in Persian Gulf an on Site in Oman Sea were analyzed. The results Showed that number of Na and Ne in locus were very low. But observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and gene diversity of were median. The results of analysis of molecular variance pairwise RST values indicate that, hat 87.54% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 13.46% occurred among populations. The Boushhr and Genaveh and Dayer populations were not significantly different from each other, but significant different from the other population, and khormosa and genaveh samples were also not significantly different from each other, but significantly different from all other samples. The samples were collected form Bandrabbas site was significant different from all other samples in Persian Gulf. The gene flow were estimated (Nm) indicted that existence of high gene flow among populations from 0.994 to 11.114. Neighbour-joining analysis clustered the bandarabas samples far from the others while population collections from Persian Gulf were clustered in one clade. In summery bandarabas population were distinct population from Persian Gulf population.

In this study, to determine the appropriate genetic co (variance) structure across ages of milk production and fat milk in the Iranian Holstein cows during five lactation using 53138 records originated from 1510 sires and 4835 dams. This data were collected by Iranian Animal Breeding Center from 436 herds. This cattle were born in two years: 2005 and 2006 in country varies provinces. The milk production records in the first to fifth lactation respectively were 50578, 35970, 24337, 15445 and 8012. The fat milk records were 19463, 17935, 14451, 10729 and 6322 respectively. To determine the best model for genetic analysis, univariate, bivariate and multivariate models was used. The fixed effect including birth year, birth month, calving year, age, number of milking, state and herd-calving year-season and animal effects as the only random effect was considered. The result of multivariate models was examined by BIC method. A model that attributes the milk production and fat milk in to 3 different groups including 1sth lactation, 2nd lactation, 3rd, 4th and 5th lactation was the best model for the genetic analysis of both traits in Iranian Holstein cows. With this model, heritability for milk production in five lactation, respectively, 0.21, 0.15, 0.12, 0.11 and 0.11 and for fat milk respectively, 0.15, 0.12, 0.11, 0.09 and 0.09 were evaluated.

In this research, the content of glycerol were investigated in two amphypod species of Gammarus pseudosyriacus and Gammarus bakhteyaricus from Khersonak and kalicheh during different seasons for one-year. The species were collected seasonally from the beginning of autumn 2015 to summer 2016 from the sampeling stations. The samples were dried, extracted and then injected into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of trehalose and glycerol content. The glycerol contents showed significant difference (P<0.05) among different seasons. In spring and autumn while had significant difference in other seasons. In summer these components were in lower amount. The reason could be attributed to various environment parameters. Such as gradual fluccuations in water/air temperature. Another reason may be assocated with rate of glycerol consumption in these two examined amphypods. In winter, the storaged glycerol was used for prevention from freezing while in the autumn. The glycerol was consumed follow by lowest amounts n cold/winter season. This study showed that the amphypods are suitable organisms for monitoring of aquatic environments by measuring of biochemical components, especially glycerol.

Nowadays, the use of natural immunostimulants has been increased for the enhancing immune response in fish to cope with diseases. Probiotics are known as the microbes that are beneficial to the host and are used as an alternative to chemicals and antibiotics in fish farming. The effects of Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on total immunoglobulin, total protein, albumin and globulin were studied for 42 days in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with an average weight of 30 ± 10 g. Fish were divided into 4 groups with two replicates after two weeks of adaptation. The first group was fed on diet supplemented with Pediococcus asidilactici bacteria at concentration of 107 CFU/g, the second group received Saccharomyces cerevisiae at concentration of 107 CFU/g, the third group fed on diet supplemented with combination of Pediococcus asidilactici and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration of 107 CFU/g, and the fourth group was considered as a control group. The results of this study showed that the use of supplements increased the total immunoglobulin parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin in the mucus of common carp, but these changes were not statistically significant compared to the control group, according to Duncan test (P≥0/05