نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 83، تابستان 1399)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a set of particles with heterogeneous structures that have different functions due to various compounds including surface charge, size, lipid, and protein compounds. Several prospective epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum HDL concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, despite this relationship, clinical evidence has only challenged the usefulness of higher levels of HDL-C in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and have proven that the structure of HDL is altered and loosed function. Therefore, extensive research is needed to identify new agents and biomarkers to improve HDL function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Given that the most important function of HDL is to transfer excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and macrophage cells through a receptor called ABCA1 and direct it to the liver, plays an important role in protecting the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This molecule can provide a strong protective effect against oxidative damage caused by free radicals with intermittent inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids in the intima layer of arteries. There is an inverse relationship between the ability to efflux cholesterol and the prevalence of CVD.
The ability to remove cholesterol from macrophages by HDL, it is a crucial criterion for determining HDL performance, and it has a strong inverse relationship with carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery stenosis in angiography independent of HDL level.

The Premature Birth , and the consequences are include premature newborn and hospitalization in the NICU ward, it is associated with psychological damage to mother and family that can play an important role in promoting maternal health by performing low-cost, practical interventions to reduce psychological trauma. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the impact of physical-mental exercises on depression after premature birth.

In this clinical trial, 100 women with premature birth in 28-36 weeks, it was performed in public hospitals in Mashhad in 2019. Sampling was performed by random blocking method and the subjects were selected by available method and were divided into two control groups (n=50) and intervention (n=50). The intervention group performed stretching exercises as well as meditation by the researcher on the third day after delivery with a frequency of two sessions per week for up to 8 sessions, and the control group received the usual care. Beck's depression questionnaire was completed for both groups in the first 24 hours after delivery and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilkaxon.

The mean score of depression in the intervention and control groups at the end of the study was statistically significant (p≥0.001). The mean score of depression in the intervention group was significant at the beginning and the end of the study (P<0.001).

Stretching exercises with a focus on the body after delivery can reduce the rate of depression in mothers with premature birth.

Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant it is now used in diseases associated with oxidative stress. Given the importance of oxidative stress in the complications of diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on the status of oxidative stress and insulin resistance was performed in diabetic rats.

18 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6). The control group received the physiological serum, the diabetic group (STZ: 55 mg/kg) received sesame oil, and the supplement group, which was diabetic, received Q10 intraperitoneal (i.p) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 10 days. At the end of the tenth day, a venous blood sample was collected. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, vitamin D, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein thiol groups were measured using the corresponding colorimetric methods.

 The results showed that treatment of diabetic rats with CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) and MDA levels and significantly increased serum insulin and vitamin D levels compared to diabetic rats (P < 0.05).The Average weight, thiol groups, insulin resistance, and total antioxidant capacity in the treated diabetic ratios with CoQ10 supplementation varied compared with the diabetic control group but were not significant (p >0.05).

Consumption of CoQ10 supplementation can reduce the oxidative stress caused by diabetes through its antioxidant effects.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is associated with heart injury. It has been shown that exercise training and resveratrol can improve the cardiac structure and function of diabetic subjects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic training along with resveratrol on gene expression of AMPK and MAFbx on cardiac tissue of diabetic experimental model.

In this experimental study, 40 males Wistar rats were randomly were divided into 5 groups: control (CN), diabetes (DM), diabetes-Resveratrol (RDM), diabetes-aerobic exercise (TDM), diabetes-aerobic exercise-Resveratrol (RTDM).Training groups have performed a running program on the treadmill for 8 weeks. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 8 weeks for RDM and TRDM groups. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized. Changes in the expression of AMPK and MAFbx myocardial genes were quantified using real-time PCR methods.

The results of the present study showed a reduction in AMPK expression (P < 0.001) and an increase in MAFbx (P < 0.001) in cardiomyocytes in DM groups compared to CN group.
AMPK expression was significantly increased in TRDM group compared to DM (p=0.009), RDM (p=0.011) and TDM (p=0.043) groups. MAFbx expression of cardiomyocytes in RDM (p=0.012), TDM (p<0.001) and TRDM (p<0.001) groups had significantly reduction compared to DM group. Also, MAFbx expression was significantly reduction in TRDM groups compared to RDM (p=0.041) groups.

 Long-term aerobic exercise, with and without resveratrol consumption it may cause to reduce the genomic indicators of atrophy and increase myocardial hypertrophy in diabetic rats.

Due to the prevalence of mortality due to complications of diabetes, this disease has focused on the health system.The family as the most basic pillar of society is responsible for the proper care of the patient with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of family-based care on adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetic patients.

In quasi-experimental study number of 80 patients with type II diabetes and one of his family members selected by convenience sampling method and randomly was allocated to intervention and control groups. Before the study, adherence to treatment was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire and laboratory values before and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square test.

After implementing the family-based care program, increased mean scores for patient adherence to treatment in the intervention group compared to the control group, this increase was statistically significant (p=0/0001).The results showed a decrease in the mean of fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels in the intervention group compared than the control group this decrease was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).

Family-based care has been able to increase adherence to treatment and reduce fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels. Therefore, it is recommended to provide this model care for patients with diabetes.

Urinary tract infections can be one of the most important causes of infertility in men. Identification of semen bacterial contamination and using of appropriate antibiotic treatment can cause to improvement sperm parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of bacterial contamination of semen and its effect on standard sperm parameters.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the semen analysis of 40 men referring to Birjand laboratories was performed by using the CASA model spermogram device. The Eosin-Nigrosin staining was used to evaluate of sperm viability. After semen samples were cultured on microbial culture media, bacterial contamination was assessed by using conventional microbiological methods. The determination of antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was performed by the disk diffusion method.

In the present study, 12 samples of semen (30%) were detected with bacterial contamination, the most frequent of which was related to Escherichia coli (41.7%). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between bacterial contamination of semen and history of UTI (P = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the motility, viability and sperm count in subjects with bacterial semen contamination (P <0.05). Nitrofurantoin, Gentamicin and third-generation of Cephalosporins were reported as the most effective treatment options for reducing bacterial contamination in semen.

The bacterial contamination of semen can significantly reduce the motility, viability and sperm count. Due to the high prevalence of bacterial contamination in semen and its significant association with sperm factors, the microbial screening of infertile couples without clinical symptoms is essential.

Anemia caused by iron deficiency, an important health issue is especially in teenager girls. The purpose of this study was, to determine the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs for the identification of influential factors on iron supplementation consumption among 9 th-grade female students in Birjand.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 517 of 9th grade female students. Students were selected by the randomized multistage sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. The questionnaire included demographic information, HBM structures, and knowledge questions. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression model.

The results of the study showed that knowledge of subjects about iron supplementation consumption, was 10.1%, 42.6%, and 34.7%, their attitudes are 1.4%, 52.6%, and 46%, and also their performance was 57.8%, 34.6% and 7.5%, in poor, moderate and good levels, respectively. Iron supplementation consumption behavior predictors include: Self-efficacy (β = 0.196, P <0.001), practice guidelines (β = 0.330, P <0.001) and perceived severity (β = 0.085, P <0.046). These construct predicted 32.4% (R = 0.324) of behavioral changes overall.

Students' knowledge and attitude were moderate, and most 9th-grade female students do not take iron tablet, it is suggested that practice, perceived severity, and self-efficacy in students should be strengthened by conducting educational interventions

Computer games are a kind of growing and attractive new communication technology. This has prompted researchers to study the effects of these games on users. This study aims to determine was performed the prevalence of computer game addiction and related factors in adolescent boys of Gonabad in 2018.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 507 male students of the first-grade in Gonabad were examined by multi-stage sampling method. Data collection tools were included in two sections: Demographic Information and the Lumens Computer Games addiction questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 19) with the help of the Chi-Esquire and Fisher's exact test.

The average age of the students in this study was 13.5 ±1 years. The most popular feature of computer games is a lot of excitement (42%), competitive games (29%) and the most common types of computer games were football (48.9%) and violent games (21.7%). 28.4% of students went to Game Center to play computer games. The prevalence of dependence on computer games was moderate to high (73.2%) It showed a significant relationship with the level of education of the mother (P = 0.03), playing computer games by the parents (P <0.001) and the educational level of the students (P = 0.04).

The results showed that the highest level of dependence of students was at the intermediate level, which indicates the importance of the problem and the need for the authorities to intervene in this field.

Adding salt to foods including bread along with improving its taste can cause problems such as high blood pressure; therefore, considering the importance of the presence of salt in bread, the purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of bread salt in bakeries in South Khorasan province in 2014-2018.
 

This descriptive-analytical and retrospective study was performed by random sampling method on bakeries in South Khorasan province in the period of 2014-2018. The measurement of the salt level was done according to the standards of the Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research. The data were analyzed by using variance analysis tests and Tukey's post-hoc test.

2577 loaves of bread were sent to the food laboratory of South Khorasan province during the years 2014-2018, which is the total average amount of salt In Lavash bread, it was equal to 1.63 ± 0.57 g, Taftoon was 1.51 ± 0.53 g, and in Sangag bread, it was 1.42 ± 0.56 g. The mean results of salt levels in different years had significantly different (p <0.001).

The amount of salt consumed was the highest in terms of changes in the average consumption of bread in 2016, which seems to be due to the lack of awareness of bakers about changing the standard of salt in that year. In this regard, the adoption of preventive and regulatory programs by the Food and Drug Administration can be a guide.

Hand hygiene is the most effective, simplest, and least expensive way to prevent the spread of hospital infections. Hand hygiene needs an ingredient that shows effectiveness in reducing microbial load in a way; alcohol-based hand rubs have more effective fast and long-lasting disinfection than other antiseptics. The aim of this study was to prepare and optimization of an alcohol-based hand rub solution recommended by world health organization to reduce expenses in sanction situations and also enhance the satisfaction and tolerability of the product.