مجله فیض
سال بیست و ششم شماره 5 (پیاپی 127، آذر و دی 1401)

Cinnamon improves the lipid profile and has antioxidant and protective effects. Therefore, in this study, the effect of cinnamon on the expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 genes in the stroke model of rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated.

Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: control, model (stroke), cinnamon 130 and 260 mg. All groups, except the control group, received HFD for 8 weeks, and then the groups receiving cinnamon were injected with 130 and 260 mg/day of cinnamon for 6 weeks, respectively. The animals were anesthetized and stroke was induced in them with middle cerebral artery occlusion model. After 12 hours, the animals were assessed for body mass index (BMI), stroke volume and expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 genes. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data at a significance level of P<0.05.

HFD increased BMI. Cinnamon extract decreased BMI and reduced stroke volume compared to the model group. Decreased expression of NKCC1 and increased expression of KCC2 were significant in stroke hemispheres compared to the model group. The low dose of the extract had a better effect in reducing the expression of genes.

It seems that cinnamon, as a pre-treatment, has valuable and reducing effects on BMI and ischemic strokes caused by obesity, and by modulating the expression of KCC2 and NKCC1 genes, it maintains chlorine ion homeostasis and therefore, it can be considered as a suitable option for the pre-treatment of stroke.

Considering the side effects and increasing use of testosterone enanthate among athletes, especially resistance athletes, it seems necessary to find alternative compounds. The present study examined the effect of palm pollen extract, testosterone enanthate and resistance training on the tight junctions proteins in the prostate tissue of male rats.

36 male rats were divided into groups including: control, resistance training, palm pollen extract, testosterone enanthate, palm pollen extract+resistance training and testosterone enanthate+resistance training. The program of resistance training and other interventions consisted of four weeks and five days a week. The interventions of palm pollen extract and testosterone enanthate were applied with doses of 100 and 2 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. 48 hours after the last intervention, the animals were sacrificed and the prostate tissue was removed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data (significance level: p<0.05).

Exercise training, testosterone enanthate and palm pollen each independently increased the expression of claudin-1 and occludin genes and increased the expression of occludin protein in prostate tissue, also. The simultaneous using of exercise training and testosterone/palm pollen had a synergistic effect on prostate occludin protein expression compared to the intervention of testosterone and palm pollen, alone.

It seems that palm pollen and testosterone enanthate have an effect on the variables of the present study with a similar pattern; therefore, the using of palm pollen may be considered as a natural alternative to synthetic testosterone.

It is common for athletes to perform resistance exercises along with the use of anabolic steroids, but the effect of medical doses and their abuse along with resistance exercises on the structural destruction of the femur is not known. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training on body weight and femur fractures caused by Boldenone injection in male rats.

The 36 male Wistar rats (Weight 189.53±5.94) were randomly divided into 6 groups (in6): 1.Control, 2.Boldenone (2mg/kg), 3.Bodenone (5mg/kg), 4.training, 5.training+Boldenone (2mg/kg), 6.training+Boldenone (5mg/kg). Boldenone steroid was injected twice a week into the rat serine muscle. The resistance training program consisted of eighth weeks of climbing a ladder, and 3 d/w, which began with 50% of body weight of rat and increased to 120% in the eight week. Histopathological changes in quadriceps femur tissue were assessed using H&E. In order to normalize the weight data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and to analyze them, one-way ANOVA test was used. For examination of tissue changes was used of Kruskal Wallis.

After group comparison, no significant difference was observed in the weight values ​​of rats. In the groups receiving Boldenone (groups of 2, 3, 5 and 6), mild and moderate damage was observed in the structural tissue of the femur, which was slightly and not statistically significant (P<0.05) improved by performing resistance exercises.

Performing resistance training does not seem to be able to prevent or improve the damage caused by taking Boldenone steroid.

Fatty diet increases apoptosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4-week aerobic exercise along with pistachio skin extract on the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in heart tissue of fat-fed rats.

This is an experimental study. 12-week-old female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6; Positive control (healthy), negative control (obesity), exercise + obesity, extract + obesity, exercise and extract + obesity (interaction of exercise and extract). Training was done for 4 weeks with moderate intensity of 50-60% Vo2max. Pistachio skin extract was used at a dose of 60 mg per kilogram. qPCR method was used to check gene expression.

The results showed that the expression of bax and caspase 3 was higher in the obese group than in the healthy group (P=0.001). The extract groups, the exercise group and the exercise + extract group had more bax and caspase 3 expression compared to the obese group (P=0.001). The expression of Bcl-2 in the obese group and the exercise group was lower than the healthy group (P=0.001). Also, the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the exercise + extract group than in the obese group (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the exercise group and the exercise+extract group with the extract group.

High-fat diet increase bax and caspase 3 and decreased Bcl-2 in rats. However, exercise and consumption of green pistachio skin extract together decrease bax and caspase 3 and increased Bcl-2.

Rare studies have been done about rehabilitation stage in patients with COVID-19.

In randomized controlled clinical trial, thirty Participants were randomly divided to control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). Participants in IG group performed rehabilitation trainings 30 minutes once a day for two 4 weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25-75% were measured using spirometry. Six-min walk distance [6-MW) test as well as heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) were measured, also.

Twenty-eight patients completed the study. FVCact, FEV1act, FEV1pred, FEV1/FVCact, FEV1/FVCPred were significantly improved in intervention group as compared to control group (Ptime*group FVCact= 0.01, Ptime*group FEV1act< 0.001, Ptime*group FEV1pred< 0.001, Ptime*group FEV1/FVCact= 0.01, Ptime*group FEV1/FVCpred< 0.01). In addition, changes in FVCpred and PEFact became significant after the adjustments [Ptime*group FVCpred= 0.03, Ptime*group PEFact= 0.05). Finally, no significant differences were seen in changes of rest heart rate (RHR) (Ptime*group: 0.55), walk heart rate (WHR) (Ptime*group: 0.61), walked distance (Ptime*group: 0.41), and PEFpred [Ptime*group= 0.09) throughout the study between the two groups.

This study illustrated rehabilitation training significantly increased FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFact, while it had no significant influence on PEFpred, RHR, WHR and walk distance after 8-weeks. However, further RCTs are needed to confirm our findings.

The age of onset of obesity and its consequences have decreased, this study aimed to compare the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic activity with light and heavy intensities on fat burning in obese and overweight children.

The statistical sample of this quasi-experimental study included 30 primary school male students with overweight and obesity (mean age 11±0.83 years and body mass index of 29.2±4.3 kg/m2). No diet control, they were randomly divided into three groups of light aerobic exercise (n=10), heavy aerobic exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). 24 hours after the first stage of blood sampling and fat assessment, the experimental groups performed aerobic activity (outdoor walking) with two intensities of light (40-50% HRmax) and heavy (80-70% HRmax) for 12 weeks. The control group did not perform any continuous physical activity. At the end of the 12-weeks exercise program, blood samples and fat assessment values were collected. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Post hoc Tukey test using SPSS-24 software at P≤0.05.

The results showed that both light and heavy aerobic exercise protocols decreased cholesterol, fat triglyceride, and serum leptin, LDL, BMI and HDL. However, heavy intensity aerobic exercise was significantly more effective on the above variables.

It seems intense aerobic exercise has a greater effect on fat burning in obese children.

emotional experiences at the wrong time and in the wrong place with unreasonable intensity and scope can become the basis for the emergence and continuation of psychological damage, especially anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the combined intervention of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy in the recovery of patients with emotional disorders and anxiety.

The current research was case study type. Three participants were selected by purposive sampling and based on obtaining a score of 15 and above in the anxiety scale (Lavibond questionnaire) and schema (Young questionnaire) and a score higher than the average score (Gertz and Romer's emotion regulation questionnaire). Selected and participated in 28 sessions of 60 minutes. Data analysis was done through visual analysis, graph drawing, percentage of overlapping and non-overlapping data, and in order to determine the clinical significance, percentage improvement index and effect size were used.

The research findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy was effective in regulating emotion and reducing anxiety.

Interpersonal schemas are caused people lose the necessary cognitive resources to calm themselves down and despite learning relaxing skills, they still cannot reduce their anxiety and confusion on their own. It seems that a combined of dialectic and schema therapy is an effective way to regulate emotions and reduce anxiety.

Learning anatomy and promoting practical skill and abilities constitute an important part of medical curriculum. 3D printer models are regarded as a suitable substitute in terms the variety, handling, low weight and cost compared to other models. The most important goals of this project included producing a correct and successful of scanning, receiving the processed output and the 3D printing of the high quality educational models with lower cost.

Two anatomical models of larynx and pancreas and two fetal models were 3D scanned. Using 3D software, the scanned pictures were processed base on the type, density percentage, size, number of outer layers and the supporting structure. The output files with layered melting PLA filament 3D printing in sizes of 100%, 75% and 50% 

The details of 3D print models of the larynx and pancreas, including the cartilages, muscles, ducts, vessels and nerves were similar to the original models. The features of embryo models, included pharyngeal arches and clefts, somites, visual and auditory vesicles, cardiac swelling, and limb bud are similar to original models. The weight of 3D models was found to be one-third to one-tenth also the cost of 3D printing is 1% to 3% of the original models.

3D printing models have better quality and low cost in comparison of original models. The 3D scanning, processing and printing technology allows the provision of quality practical classes. Students can enjoy a promoted learning due to the advantage of having access to 3D printed samples outside of the classroom, also.

Addiction is an individual and social problem that can endanger the mental health of people in addition to the body. Since these people have a more vulnerable personality, the present study aimed to Investigating of spiritual health and mental health in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Kashan city.

The current research is cross-sectional-analytical. 282 participants under methadone maintenance treatment were selected. After receiving demographic information, participants' mental health (SCL90) and spiritual health were measured. Then, the data was analyzed and examined with statistical methods (variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient test).

The average age of the participants was calculated to be 44.92 (9.00). The average age of starting to use drugs was 21.72 (4.04). The most common drug used was opium and its derivatives (64.5%). The average scores of spiritual health and mental health were calculated as 191.52 (37.20) and 139.38 (14.70), respectively. Mental health and spiritual health did not show a significant relationship with any of the demographic variables and substance use (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between mental health and spiritual health (P=0.527).

There was no significant relationship between the mental health and spiritual health of patients undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone, but the majority of them had low spiritual health and mild mental disorders. Therefore, considering the importance of spiritual health, it is necessary to do more studies in this field.

Moral intelligence has a direct effect on the professional performance of individuals, desirable health services and reduction of medical costs. This study was aimed to evaluate the moral intelligence of trainees and medical interns of Kashan University of medical sciences in 2021.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 on clinical students. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling among medical trainees and interns. A total of 209 people participated in the study. The data collection tool was Lenick and Kiel Moral Intelligence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results of this study showed that the mean score of students' moral intelligence was 71.75. 9.15 (good). In examining the dimensions of moral intelligence, honesty with a score of 73.15±10.44 has the highest score and forgiveness with a score of 10.92±68.06 has the lowest score. The difference in the mean score of moral intelligence in the dimension of responsibility was significant (P=0.03). Moral intelligence and all its dimensions except empathy were lower in dormitory students than in students living in a private home with family.

Considering the level of moral intelligence score of medical students in clinical courses, there is a need to revise the ethical guidelines for the development of moral intelligence.

More than two years have passed since the epidemic of Covid-19, this disease is still a global crisis. Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and determine the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in the blood samples of patients with Covid-19 hospitalized in the special corona ward of Kosar Semnan Hospital during 2020-2021.

The current study is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in Semnan. In this study, 22 blood samples with positive bacterial cultures related to patients with Covid-19 were included in the study. The average age of the studied patients was 74.09. 13 patients were male and 9 were female.

Klebsiella was the most common bacteria among the cultured samples. The average length of hospitalization of patients with positive culture Covid-19 was 16.09 days. Antibiogram results showed that among gram-negative bacteria, the highest sensitivity is related to gentamicin, and the highest resistance is related to meropenem, and among gram-positive bacteria, the highest sensitivity is related to oxacillin and coamoxiclav, and the highest resistance is related to meropenem.

Secondary infection caused by bacteria has increased the mortality rate of patients with Covid-19 and antibiotic resistance is high in bacteria isolated from patients with Covid-19.

The stressful conditions of working in medical emergency and accident management centers require the study of the components of physical and mental health of employees. This study aimed to determine the status of work-related rumination and job fatigue among the staff of disaster and medical emergency management center of Alborz province.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 188 qualified employees. Demographic information questionnaire, Work-related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) and Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/ Recovery scale (OFER) were used to data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 by applying Pearson test and multivariate and univariate General Linear Model (GLM).

The mean of work-related rumination was 44.89±4.54 and the highest and lowest mean were related to the dimensions of problem-solving pondering (17.81) and affective rumination (11.68), respectively. The mean of job fatigue was estimated to be 38.44±16.05 and acute fatigue (13.65) and chronic fatigue (11.25) had the highest and lowest means, respectively. The correlation between work-related rumination and job fatigue (r= 0.276, P<0.001) and all its dimensions were direct and significant (P<0.001), also. Demographic and occupational variables explain 74% and 69% of variances of work-related rumination and job fatigue, respectively.

Work-related rumination and job fatigue were moderate and a direct correlation was observed between them. Given the importance of these two variables and the relationship between them, periodic monitoring of these variables and implementation of individual and organizational interventions to improve the situation is recommended.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases that results from excess fat accumulation in the hepatocytes. The progression of steatosis to hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation leads to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Insulin resistance and obesity have significant roles in the disease process. Oxidative damage to hepatocytes and gut microflora dysbiosis may also contribute to the progression of fatty liver disease. There is currently no specific medication for MAFLD, and usually, lifestyle modifications are recommended. This study aimed to review the potential pharmacological targets for MAFLD.

In this paper, we studied the primary pharmacological targets for MAFLD and MASH, focusing on current evidence from clinical trials registered on the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and published articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), farnesoid X receptor, statins, mediators of fibrosis and inflammation, weight loss agents, and probiotics were the primary targets in the treatment of fatty liver disease.

The drugs decreasing body weight, such as orlistat and GLP-1 analogs, have beneficial effects in obese patients with fatty liver disease. Moreover, insulin-sensitizers and lipid-lowering agents like PPAR agonists, GLP-1 analogs, and statins are valuable in this condition.