فهرست مطالب حسین قاسمی

Russia's military attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, affected, dramatically, the international system. The following change in the balance of power between the great powers, opportunities and threats has emerged for the Islamic Republic of Iran and has affected the country's relations with Russia. It seems that Iranian instrumental and academic elites have different viewpoints regarding the nature of these opportunities and threats and their effects on Tehran-Moscow relations. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the approach of Iran's (scientific and instrumental) elites towards the war between Russia and Ukraine and its effects on Tehran-Moscow relations. The current paper seeks to answer the question that from the viewpoint of Iranian elites, how the 2022 war in Ukraine has affected the relations between Iran and Russia? In order to investigate the perceptual process of Iranian elites regarding the developments in Ukraine and its impact on Iran's relations with Russia, a questionnaire has been adopted. The data collection method of this research is based on a field study and the data analysis method is "mixed method". The sample of this research consists of 24 instrumental and academic elites with qualifications in this field. The findings of the research indicate that from the point of view of the majority of Iranian elites, geopolitical requirements, common threats and sanctions have been an effective factor in bringing the positions of Iran and Russia closer to the developments in Ukraine. From the point of view of these elites, the relative improvement of relations between Iran and Russia was merely a reaction to international conditions.

The study aimed to examine the chronic toxicity effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) and florfenicol (FLO) antibiotics, commonly used in shrimp farms, on the growth performance, chlorophyll a content, and total protein of Chaetoceros muelleri microalgae. C. muelleri, initially at a density of 4,000 cells per milliliter, underwent exposure to oxytetracycline at doses of 7.43 milligrams per liter and florfenicol at 5.20 milligrams per liter for 12 days. Subsequent assessments focused on growth metrics, chlorophyll a content, and total protein. The findings highlighted a significant reduction in the growth, chlorophyll a content, and protein synthesis of C. muelleri following exposure to both OTC and FLO antibiotics (p < 0.05). Moreover, the study revealed that FLO exhibited higher toxicity toward C. muelleri compared to OTC. The observed decline in growth, chlorophyll a content, and protein synthesis in C. muelleri under OTC and FLO exposure could be attributed to the inhibitory impact of these antibiotics on cellular respiration and protein synthesis pathways.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disorders. Over the past few decades, coronary angioplasty has become an effective procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Patients undergoing angioplasty experience high levels of anxiety due to poor quality of care resulting from inadequate and unprincipled training of nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the James Brown model on the quality of nursing care during angioplasty.

The current quasi-experimental study (before and after method) investigated 24 nurses working in the angioplasty unit of chamran hospital in Isfahan in 2021. They were selected by the consensus sampling method. The nurses’ group was trained based on the James Brown model. The quality of angioplasty nursing care was measured before the intervention, 3 days and one month after the intervention Using a researcher-made checklist of the quality of angioplasty care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 16 software at the significance level of p<0.05. Statistical tests such as paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

 Based on the results, the mean scores of the nursing care quality equaled 42/52±6/04 before the intervention, 60/46±7/51 three days after the intervention, and 66/07±6/53 one month after the intervention. The results showed significant differences among the mean scores of the angioplasty nursing care quality before training by the James Brown model, as well as three days and one month after the training (p<0.001).

According to the results, The James Brown educational program enhanced the quality of angioplasty nursing care. Therefore, it is suggested that the nurses working in this unit receive specific angioplasty care training through the James Brown model.

Inexpressibility is one of the important characteristics of the symbolic language of mysticism, and the expression of intuitive secrets and mystical experiences in Persian literature has been done in various ways, especially through poetic poetic stories. Dealing with mystical stories after the 7th century - when mysticism was shaped and consolidated and passed its peak of brilliance and its theoretical foundations were formulated - is of particular importance. The purpose of the present research is to examine and analyze the selected content of mystical poems in the poetry of prominent mystic poets in the time domain of the 8th to 11th centuries of Hijri. The questions of the present research are: 1- Do mystical stories, in addition to having common features with ancient stories, have unique and specific features? 2- Were the poets of the eighth century until the beginning of the twelfth century, in creating mystical stories, merely imitators of the poets before them or were they innovative in this field? This research is of a qualitative type, which has been carried out with the analytical descriptive method, using the content analysis method and the use of library resources. The findings show that in this era, we are witnessing the popularization of mysticism and the entry of Ibn-Arabi's mysticism into the mysticism of Khorasan, and the mystic poets of this period did not turn them into mere imitators, but with a personal angle and perspective. In an innovative approach to mystical terms, they have expanded the scope of their definitions. In some cases, the stories originated from the intuitions and mystical experiences of the poet and were made and elaborated. In some few cases, the stories have weak arguments and are expressed in a vernacular manner. The use of mystical allegory, the style of the story within the story, and mystical symbols with the aim of popularizing mysticism are other characteristics of mystical stories written in this era. Also, in this period, in the works of some poets such as: Amir Khosrow, Jami, Sheikh Bahai, Vahshi and others, common and repetitive stories are rarely seen, and these poets often write the outcome of the story during the story. They did not express and leave the conclusions to the audience, but some other poets such as Sheikh Bahai and in some cases Imad Faqih have acted contrary to these poets.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analysis the human errors of control room operators of the second refinery of South Pars using the « hierarchical task analysis», «systematic human error reduction and prediction.

This study was conducted in the central control room of the second refinery in South Pars, the necessary data was collected using SHERPA and HTA methods. A Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was used in the first phase, and then, in the next step in order to the identification and assessment of the human errors, SHERPA method was performed.

Of all the errors identified in the refinery (143 errors) from the analysis of SHERPA worksheets, 102 errors (71.33%) are related to functional errors, 35 errors (24.47%) are related to visit errors, 3 errors (2.1%) are related to Regarding communication errors, 3 errors (2.1%) related to retrieval errors and 0 errors (0%) related to selection errors were reported. Also, according to this study, 14% of the types of consequences caused by errors were very severe consequences. The most obvious errors were related to performance and visit errors. With regard to preventing and reducing the occurrence of each of the identified errors and limiting their consequences, suitable control measures were provided in the form of changes in equipment design, type of training, changes in work methods, revision, formulation and updating of work instructions.

Originality/Value:

 in this regard, the present study investigates identify and analysis the human errors of control room operators of the second refinery of South Pars using the hierarchical task analysis, systematic human error reduction and prediction.

The resistance theory is based on an understanding of the Quranic concepts of "resistance" and "persistence". Therefore, to redesign this Quranic theory, the concept of the word "resistance" will be one of the essential needs; Because the incomplete and wrong understanding of the principle of this concept will lead to the formation of wrong and ineffective ideas. The main question of the current research is, what does the Quranic concept of the word "resistance" mean? To answer this question, the method and theory of the single principle (Asle Vahed) of Allameh Mustafavi, which is used in the field of Quranic lexicology, has been used, and in a seven-step process, the semantic principle and comprehensive meaning of the Quranic root "q and m" have been extracted and presented in the form of The term "resistance" has been conceptualized. According to this method, the semantic principle of the word resistance is "continuous participation in the direction of proving the actuality of the object based on justice", which shows that the theory and discourse of resistance is an active and driving theory for the movement of the Islamic society, and the main direction and strategy of the society should be adjusted with it.

Some heavy metals such as cadmium and lead have no role in the natural metabolism of aquatic animals and these metals are toxic to living organisms even at low concentrations. This study was conducted to study the effect of body size (total length and total weight) on the accumulation of lead and cadmium in common redfish (Lutjanus lohni) in three regions of Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh and Jask in Hormozgan province. The number of samples in each station was sampled separately. In the laboratory, after bioassay, muscle tissue was separated and lead and cadmium were extracted by chemical digestion and their concentrations were read by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the study showed that the concentration of lead and cadmium in the muscle tissue of redfish in three areas of Bandar Jask, Bandar Abbas and Bandar Lengeh with body size (body length and weight) had a negative Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and was significant (p>0.05). The results of tissue analysis of common red fish muscle in the study areas have the highest and lowest concentrations of lead metal equal to 0.2686+0.1 and 0.550+0.1 μg/g and for cadmium metal, respectively. It was shown with 0.021+0.01 and 0.057+0.01 μg/g. The results also show that the Jask port area is significantly different from Bandar Abbas and Bandar Lengeh areas in terms of the amount of lead and cadmium elements in muscle tissue (p>0.05).It can be concluded from the data of this study that in the study areas in the Persian Gulf (Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh and Jask) a very weak relationship between the body size of the studied species has been shown. The trend of accumulation of the studied elements in ordinary redfish has not affected the sex (male or female) and also the contamination of these elements in the present study has been less than the international standards reported.

In recent years, Iran’s political system has faced different challenges, such as conflicts between the government and the parliament, disagreements between the supreme leader and the president, etc. Some experts believe that most of these problems will be solved if the political regime changes to the parliamentary model. This research, which is done in a Descriptive-Analytical method, seeks to answer the question that what is the supreme leader’s role in a parliamentary regime, considering this regime’s requirements in Iran’s constitutional law. The parliamentary regime seems to have benefits, such as the optimal system for more complete implementation of authorities of the Vali e Faqih. But parliamentary regime’s implementation will also face challenges such as weakening the sense of public participation in government administration. Although the parliamentary regime may seem more coordinated by Velayat e Faqih’s position theoretically, but to implement it in the country, its necessary requirements must be provided first. Otherwise, the regime’s change into a parliamentary system will not only be worthless, but it may also cause more disadvantages.

In this paper, an example of a silicon telecommunication modulator based on micro-ring Resonator is designed. In order to achieve high bandwidth, the coupling coefficient must be improved. This issue is investigated by changing the coupling coefficient for different coupling lengths and gaps between the bass waveguide and the ring. The optimal coupling length was calculated. By numerical calculation, the impurity and carrier distribution in a PN phase modulator are investigated and various effects such as doping distance change, doping rate change and its effect on refractive index and absorption changes are investigated. By improving the modulator parameters and optimizing the coupling coefficient of the ring modulator the DC gain is enhanced and the electro-optical response became more stable. Comparisons have also been made to similar modulators and bandwidth has been improved up to one order.

Sufism in the specific sense means finding the truths of things through discovery and intuition. In fact, cognitive mysticism depends on the spiritual state and is not described, and is directly related to the Absolute Being and is manifested first in the human soul and human essence, and secondly in human actions and behavior. The use of representations and symbols to express delicate and complex Sufi concepts was common among the Persian mystics and poets in the early periods of Islamic mysticism, in particular Maulana Abdul Rahman al-Jami, as one of the last great poets of that period. The appearance of “water” had a clear and high place in the mystical stories and tales of these great people as it was used as a symbol of “knowledge”. The influence of this issue is quite noticeable not only on the poets of his time but also on the poets of our time. We aim in this research to study the impact and reflection of this thinking on the thought and poems of the contemporary poet Sohrab Sepehri as one of the most creative Sufi poets. In the poem "The Message of the Fish", Sohrab reproduces the word "water", which is the symbol of "knowledge", in Islamic mysticism in the best possible way and beautifully. Since Sohrab's Sufi thought, in addition to Iranian Islamic mysticism, is influenced by other schools of thought, especially Buddhist mysticism, this interest will be very important and worth considering.

One way to improve the distribution network resilience is to use mobile generators (MEGs) in the network. Such generators with the ability to move in the network and supply power to different parts increase the possibility of supplying important loads. However, due to the limited fuel of these generators, their movement will be limited, which will reduce their efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, considering this type of generators and also their limited fuel, an algorithm for their optimal displacement during the disaster is presented. Also, by considering fueling vehicles and planning to move them to inject fuel into these generators, an attempt has been made to reduce the effect of fuel restrictions on these generators. Finally, by simulating the proposed algorithm on the IEEE 33-bus network, taking into account the daily variable loads, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on improving the resilience of the distribution network is shown.

Philosophers have offered many meanings and descriptions for morality. Morality is not an alien factor to the world, in fact it is interweaved with every aspect of the world. This becomes apparent in metaphor and materialization of moral deeds in word views. The purpose of this research is to use analytical and literature review methods to compare and analyze the “Badness” metaphor in two famous Persian texts, . We also aim to understand the source domains of this metaphor based on the contemporary metaphor theory. Lakoff and Johnson (2003) believe that metaphors are cognitive tools that humans use to make abstract concepts more comprehendible. Our analysis showed that the "Badness is a thing" name-of-mapping n both Mēnōg- ī- Xrad (with 60%) and Golestan (with 67%) has the highest occurrence frequncy. This shows that even although Mēnōg- ī- Xrad is a pre-Islamic text and Golestan post-Islamic, their moral content are in fact two aspects of a singular world view when looked through a philosophical lens. Both texts believe that the world has multiple orders (the material life and the after life) and the materialization of each moral act will manifest itself in th next order of being (after life)

The study of language in the social context as well as the influence of language on another language has always been of interest to sociolinguistics. In this study, the effect of phonetics and phonology of Persian language on Mazandarani (Saravi variety) has been investigated. The present study is a descriptive-analytical field study that describes and analyzes data to investigate the effect of phonetic and phonology of Persian language as an independent variable (and the effect of social factors of age and geographical area as a moderating variable) on Mazandarani as a dependent variable. In this study, questionnaire, interviews and audio recordings were used and the participants included different age groups of girls and boys ages 14-18 (youth), women and men between 30-40 years (middle age) and over 50 years (adults). They were classified randomly from urban and rural areas of Sari. The results show that the Mazandarani language is about to change and become Persianized by interfering with processes such as analogy and overgeneralization in different rural and  urban generations. The present study can be used by sociolinguistics and language planners to provide a new analytical horizon for language development and change. 

The dominance of Persian over other local languages has led to changes in the culture  of Mazandarani people. In this study, considering the developments of literacy and teaching Persian, media and development of communication and tourism, and the neighbor hood of Tehran, Persian impacts on Mazandarani pronunciation of Saravi variety. Two Japanese researchers called Navata (1984)  and Yoshie (1996) did surveys titled " Mazandarani " and  another as "Sari  dialect" . The Saravi dialect was written  " by Shukri (1995). Another research was done about the structural analysis of Mazandarani verbs  by Samare (1988).  Amouzadeh (2002) studied and explained the cultural and social aspects that play a role in the decline of the Mazandarani languageAnalogy and overgeneralization are the processes that have been studied in this research as influential factors on the Mazandarani language.   

Theoretical framework of this research is Critical Applied Linguistics  based on the newfound approach of  Cook (1990). The main objective in this study  is  a description of the process of changing the characteristics of phonetic - phonological of Mazandarani  Saravi variety from the perspective of the change of language by comparing urban and rural speakers speech in different age with  standard and colloquial of Persian language.   

This research is a field study, data analysis and description of the available facts, it surveyed the effect of pronunciation of Persian on the Mazandarani language as a dependent variable by some social factors as moderating variables. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data . Participants included girls and boys in the age groups of 14-18 years (youth) and age groups of 30-40 years (middle-aged) and over 50 years (adults) who were randomly selected from urban and rural areas of Sari. 

In the original phonetic system of Mazandarani (Sarvai variety), the number of consonants is 22 and the number of vowels is 7 and  the difference with Persian was due to the phoneme / ʒ / . One of the phonetic differences between the urban and rural consonants of Mazandarani is labialization feature of consonants: / x, k, g / [ x w , k w , g w ]> [x, k, g]   . The lack of labialization feature in pronunciation urban Saravi is due to the influence of Persian. Elimination of this feature in the young rural generation is expressed in moderate forms, which indicates a gradual change.  The deletion of /h/  and /ʔ/ consonants   has occurred in terms of the ease of Persian language in the urban and rural Saravi variety by analogy. Parts of speech in Mazandarani   were increasingly borrowed from Persian.   For example, adjectives are used before nouns in Mazandarani and after nouns in Persiam. When borrowed adjectives are used in Mazandarani, the order of words usually changes as in Persian. Young urban Saravi speakers sometimes change verb roots by producing a new infinitive to be under the influence of interference of Persian. The change of /o/ in be-ʃno- ‘hear’to /e/ in be-ʃne- which young people think has become Mazandarani, is an example of the overgeneralization of the root of the verb, because in many cases the young Sarvai speakers are less fluent in Mazandarani. They change /a/ and /o/ to /e/ to make the words look like Mazandarani, which is a possible result of comparison with a pair of words in two languages, and another possibility could be the result of the influence of Persian because ʃenid ‘heard’ has a vowel /e/. Moreover, the urban young and middle aged speakers are doing innovation between the two infinitives in two languages, without any historical connection. In this case, a similar process occurs in which the verb prefix and the identifier are added to the root of the Persian verb. There are some cases where young urban speakers use overgeneralization process such as : /pɛːdɒ/ in the speech of rural speakers - /pidɒ/ in the speech of urban speakers and /peidɒ / in Persian which means ‘visible’. Urban speakers often use Persian subject pronouns instead of Mazandarani subject pronouns for all persons. The data show  that  urban speakers used   the plural reference pronouns of colloquial Persian   rather than Mazandarani subject pronouns. 

In the field of phonology, / ʒ/, as a result of lexical borrowing items is borrowed from Persian and is added to urban Mazandarani consonants  Labial consonants are recognized as non-prestigious signs of  rural Mazandarani variety. In the evolution of the parts of speech, the verbs have undergone several changes.  Other parts of speech such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs have also been influenced by Persian so that the effects and the entry of these words have caused many local words of Mazandarani to be disappeared. Rural adults  have almost regular system without any variability or any influence of Persian in comparison with other groups. As we compare younger age groups with the older age groups and urban speakers with the rural ones, we face with a scale which implies that if the rural adult speaker, mainly uses a distinguished feature of Persian or semi-Persian, it demonstrates that the other age groups do certainly use the same features. This pronunciation analysis proves that Mazandarani is strongly influenced by Tehrani colloquial Persian. A possible cause is that the people whose native language is not Persian try to imitate Persian variety of Tehran that bears a higher social status. It is predicated that Saravi variety of Mazandarani in urban areas is in the risk of complete disappearance regarding the gradual change of Mazandarani to a higher social status  which was also proved through the results of Bashirnezhad(2000),Shahidi(2008). This study can be used by sociolinguists and language planners to open a new analytical perspective on the development and change of the language.    

Mēnōg-ī-Xerad is a text, written in middle Persian, that contains a series of questions asked by Dana and answered by Mēnōg-ī-Xerad.  Golestan-e-Sa’di is a prosed book that contains an introduction and eight chapters written by Sa’di. Using descriptive-analytical method, the preset study aimed at comparing the frequency of goodness metaphors in these two texts. Goodness was the most frequent virtue in these two texts, with 38 occurrences in Mēnōg-ī-Xerad and 17 occurrences in Golestan-e-Sa’di. Analysis revealed 19 names of mapping, such as “Things”, “Act” and so on. “Thing”, “Act”, “State”, and “Instrument” were the common names of mapping in the two texts but with different frequencies. [Goodness is a Thing] with 44% occurrences in Mēnōg-ī-Xerad and [Goodness is an Act] with 47% in Golestan-e-Sa’di were the most frequent names of mapping. [Goodness is a Thing] in most cases in Mēnōg-ī-Xerad refers to a constantly moving thing from a person to another or from a place to a person. Perhaps the existence of the name of mapping [goodness is a blessing] in Mēnōg-ī-Xerad is due to Zurvanite fatalistic beliefs that were common in the late Sassanid era. Also, the frequent name of mapping [Goodness is an Act] in Golestan indicates the pragmatic views of its writer.

Big data refers to a huge set of data so that collecting, analyzing and managing data could be beyond the ability of PCs over a given period of time.  Big data as an enormous source of information can affect the various dimensions of social and moral life of human beings. Along with the development of big data and technologies based on big data, the social, political, economic and general aspects of contemporary world information ecosystem have undergone fundamental changes that have led to emerging and various ethical issues and challenges. One of the most important ethical challenges is the impact of big data on the moral agency of the human agents in the information society. 

In this article, by referring to technical resources, the concept of moral agency is introduced and the big data implications on moral agency are investigated. The development of big data and its related technologies, the following quadruple components are effected strongly: 1) free will and choice possibility, 2) knowledge of the results of action, 3) the causal relationship between action and its results, and 4) the ability of ethical agents. However, these components are introduced in traditional ethical systems as the most important conditions for the realization of moral action and agency. Next, the impact of big data on the four components of moral agency be explained at three levels: 1) weakening traditional concepts, 2) changing traditional concepts, and 3) developing new concepts. Accordingly, it is concluded that Big Data changes, evolves and develops the four essential conditions of moral agency in traditional ethical systems.

Addressing grievances in order to establish justice in society was one of the most important tasks of governments in many parts of the world, including Iran. Since the government was in charge of dealing with grievances and the most important feature of Safavid Iran was the strengthening of the government by all possible means, this study intends to take a descriptive-analytical approach based on historical methods and use of resources Libraries and documents, to answer the question, what was the process of dealing with grievances in Safavid Iran and what changes took place during the life of this government? The answer to this question is directly related to the establishment and gradual consolidation of this government. It seems that the treatment of grievances in the Safavid era was initially small, fragmented and less structured due to the general instability of the government structure. In the period of Shah Abbas I, this institution took the path of consolidation and in the period of his successors, it was stabilized in a way and crystallized in the form of " Divan-e Edalatbonyan".

Minooye Kherad is a consultative text in Middle Persian including questions and replies to which an imaginary character named “Dana” asks Minooye Kherad and he replies to them. Gulistan is a prose including an introduction and eight chapters written by Saadi. The present study has been done with a descriptive-analytical approach and compares conceptual metaphor of animosity in Minooye Kherad and Gulistan. Animosity is a common moral abomination of the two texts and its happening in Minooye Kherad and Gulistan was 5 and 4, respectively. After derivation of all animosity metaphors in both texts, four metaphors were found regarding conception of animosity namely as: object, action, device, status. Even though with a difference in frequency, object and action were common in both texts. The most frequent metaphor is “Animosity is an action.” which was observed in Minooye Kherad and Gulistan with occurrence of 40% and 75%, respectively. “Animosity is a device.” and “Animosity is an action.” were only observed in Minooye Kherad that may imply on the fact that even though the writer or writers of Minooye Kherad believed that animosity can be an action, it can also be a device and a status which was not observed in Gulistan. 75% occurrence of “Animosity is an action”, in Gulistan may imply on the writer as a pragmatic one that recognizes animosity as an action more than anything else.

Safavid Iran was a time of widespread grievances of the people against the injustices of government officials and other powerful people. Therefore, recognizing the oppressors and their characteristics in this period can show a part of the social life of the people through their protests against the performance of government agents. The main question of the present study is what effect did the policies of the Safavid government have on the praxis of the oppressors of this era and what changes did it make in them typologically? Examining the oppressors of the Safavid period in various documents, books and documents, and based on the findings of the research, it should be said that in the beginning of this government, due to the turmoil in the country, there was less opportunity for the oppressors to show themselves, but since the reign of Shah Abbas First, as well as his successors, the stability of the government gradually led to the establishment of the institution of grievances and the emergence of behaviors such as collective grievances, writing grievances and creating a kind of cohesion, perseverance and even planning, as well as trade union solidarity and It became a group of oppressors. For the first time, nomads, women, minorities and foreigners joined the oppressed category for the first time. In the present study, this issue has been investigated based on historical method and descriptively-analytical and based on library data retrieval.

Elitist theories are organized on the basis of their own philosophical principles and prescribe specific political actions in accordance with the same principles. These theories can be used as an analytical model to describe and explain the current situation or prescribe the desired situation. The purpose of this article is to explain the framework of the theory of Elitism based on Islamic tradition in the political thought of Shahid Motahari.

This article has collected its data using Documentary Study Method and related texts have been analyzed by Strauss Interpretive Method.

The research findings show that the foundations of Shahid Motahari's social philosophy such as the originality of the individual and society, the social development of societies and the relationship between the individual and society are the main foundations of his Elitist theory. And some of its analytical fruits are expressed, including the pattern of the influence of political elites in social change and transformation.

In Shahid Motahari's view, elites, as an influential social and political minority, appear successful in creating political change when, in addition to having a set of inherent and acquired characteristics, they organize their actions on the basis of an intelligent vision and obstacle. In addition to understanding the social context and culture of their society, they must recognize the real needs of society and lead and direct political currents and movements within the framework of the philosophy of history and the general path of social development.

In order to prevent the extinction of languages, it seems necessary to pay attention to the interactions of languages and to recognize linguistic changes according to the existing conditions along with other factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of morpho-syntactic hegemony of Farsi language on the Mazandarani language. The hypothesis of the research is that Farsi has hegemonic power on local languages, and this research seeks to answer the question whether Farsi language is morpho-syntactically superior on Saravi variety of the Mazandarani language? This research is a descriptive and analytical field study in addition to analyzing the data, examines the effect of social factors such as age and geographical location as independent variables on morphology and syntax of Mazandarani; as a dependent variable. In the present study, the questionnaire,interview and observation toolshave been used, and a classical sampling of 53 people, were randomly selected from urban and rural areas of Sari. The results show that the Mazandarani language is about to become Persianized by interfering with processes such as analogy and over generalization in different generations. Identification of Factors can be used by language sociologists and language planners.

Co-planning of multi-energy networks is of utmost importance for improving the overall productivity of energy infrastructure. In recent years, the use of natural gas distributed generation (GDG) has increased in the electricity industry. In this paper, an AC optimal power flow model for electricity and gas distribution networks is developed in order to meet the multiple objectives of planning. Unlike heuristic methods and separate power flow, the proposed strategy deals with a simultaneous OPF and non-iterative. The problem model is a nonlinear programming model and nonconvex. Due to the formulation complexity and non-linear and non-convex nature of the problem, it is time-consuming, difficult, and sometimes impossible to achieve an optimum response. Therefore, the power flow is reformulated as a linear programming model.  This model can be implemented using existing mathematical optimization methods and a desirable convergence to solve the planning problem. The proposed model is implemented on a test system and the numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed model.

Incremental forming method with lower cost and more flexibility can be a suitable alternative for traditional methods of the hole-flanging. In this study, the possibility of square hole-flanging of AL1050 aluminum sheet using incremental forming method has been investigated and the quality of the pyramid flange has been compared with conical flange. The final shape of the flange is defined so that wall angle increases with raising height. The process simulation was performed using Abaqus software and an experimental test was done to validate the simulation results. After performing the experimental tests, flange features such as the final size of the hole, flange height, and wall thickness were measured. The results showed that at the created flange around the circular hole, there is less spring back and more dimensional accuracy, however, it can be flanged a square hole by incremental approach with consideration of the height and hole size. The dimensional measurements showed that the final size of the hole will increase after the hole-flanging. By investigation of the various holes, it was found that in the larger initial hole, increasing the hole size after the flanging will be lower.