فهرست مطالب فریبا فتحی

Healthcare professionals have been discussing the future of telemedicine and its successor, teleconsultation, for several years. This technology has the potential to improve the organization and provision of health services by increasing access to medical specialists for people in distant cities and reducing waiting times for patients in hospital queues. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of new communication technologies, such as telemedicine, in clinical medicine.

This study was conducted using a scoping review method. All published articles on the in the field of telemedicine in clinical medicine at the end of Aban 1401 (November 21, 2022) were searched and collected in nine databases and Google Scholar search engine. Finally, based on the inclusion criteria, 13 articles were included in the study and analyzed.

The results of these studies have pointed out issues such as insufficient knowledge among people, lack of facilities and equipment, inadequate allocation of funds, inappropriate software and hardware infrastructure, and weak privacy protection methods. These issues pose challenges in the implementation of telemedicine technology, making it necessary to reconsider the structure and formulation of specific instructions for its implementation.

Policymakers and health managers should develop and implement effective strategies to establish a suitable platform for integrating new medical technologies, such as remote medicine, into the healthcare system.

Startup is a novice company that offers a new solution to a problem; while there is no guarantee for the company's success through the solution provided, identifying the factors affecting the success of these emerging companies can be a guarantee of their success. The factors influencing the success of startups can be referred to as think-tanks and timing. Naturally, having the right idea and recognizing the time of entry and exit can play a decisive role in the success of the startup. So, given the role of ideology and timing for the success of startups, the present research seeks to identify the importance of Assessment ideas and timing for the success of startups. This research has been conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and with the application of the research data method of the Foundation. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews. In order to collect information, using a targeted sampling method with 25 experts including university professors, APs (such as investors, coaches and Consultants), accelerators, successful startups, failed startup interviews. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and a qualitative research model was designed. The results of this study indicate that the extraction of 91 codes or the initial concept of interviews, as well as the inventory of 20 concepts and 7 categories, are based on the paradigm model including Assessment ideas and timing as the axial and causative category, ICT as the underlying factors, Investment as intervening conditions, the business model and the primary product as a strategy and value creation as a consequence.

One of the major goals of the health system is to ensure customer satisfaction with services provided, which shows the degree of matching of services to the desired quantity and quality of customers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the psychological capital of managers with the work quality of life of nurses and client satisfaction. This correlational research was performed on 371 nurses, senior managers, and clients of Shafa Hospital in Semnan, Iran, in 2015-2016. Data collection tools were psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), quality of work life questionnaire, and client satisfaction questionnaire. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21. In this study, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the psychological capital of managers and the work quality of nurses (P=0.03) and client satisfaction (P=0.01). Results of multiple regression showed that hope and self-efficacy of managers had a significant share in the prediction of the variable of work life quality of nurses (P=0.01). In addition, the variable of optimism of nurses only predicted the satisfaction of clients (P=0.01). Improving the psychological capital of managers will increase the value added in the performance of nurses, provision of suitable services, and increased satisfaction of clients. Therefore, it is suggested that interventions be carried out to improve psychological capital.

Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters and the material of water pipe network. In this cross-sectional study, 500 sampls have been randomly prepared from the drinking water network in Arak city in a standard condition, and some variables as HPC, MPN, free residual chlorine, turbidity, PH and temperature have been measured. Evaluation of the results obtained through regression analysis has been performed. Based on the statistical analysis, HPC variables, MPN, PH and turbidity have a significant relationship with the place (P-Value <0.01). There is a direct, but not significant, relationship between HPC and temperature (P-Value <0.05), while free residual chlorine values reversely ​​associate with HPC (P-Value <0.01). Application of Pour Plate and Spread Plate Method for determining the number of HPC bacteria showed that in most cases the Pour Plate Method super performs the Spread Plate Method. Identification of the bacteria isolated from positive HPC revealed that bacillus and Micrococcaceae family have the ability to be active in high chlorine condition. Monitoring of HPC is necessary as an important variable and effective in the control of drinking water bacteriological quality.

Fusarium crown and root rot of cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most important diseases in cucumber. Although various methods have been recommended to manage this disease, biological control is considered as an environmentally friendly method. In the present study, antagonistic effects of six Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera strains were investigated against F. oxysporum, where in vitro and in vivo assays were performed under drought stress. All of the strains were capable to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. The results of drought stress also indicated that the bacterial strains were able to tolerate different levels of drought stress. In general, Pseudomonas fluorescens VUPF5 caused the best inhibitory effect in all of the assays in vitro and under greenhouse conditions.

In order to determine the most efficient chemical compound in fluctuation of plant defense enzymes level and causing resistance to Phytophthora drechsleri in two pistachio cultivars (Sarakhs and Badami-riz-Zarand), a factorial experiment was carried out based on complete randomized design (CRD) with chemical compounds (potassium phosphite, fosetyl-aluminium, potassium silicate, complex amino acid, and siderophore). The results indicated that chemicals used for this experiment were able to reduce the percentage of death in pistachio seedlings as plants treated with potassium phosphite and amino acid complex with 100% and fosetyl-aluminium with 25% had the most and the least effects in these reduction of disease incidence, respectively. These compounds increased plants height, roots, and shoot fresh and dry weights in comparison to the control and inoculated plants with P. drechsleri. The results indicated that chemical compounds used for this experiment were able to reduce the percentage of death in seedling. Plants treated with pottasium phosphite Chemical compounds also enhanced enzymatic levels and phenolic compound content, which phenomenon was more obvious in simultaneous inoculation with disease agent and lead to enhancing the peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, phenylalanin aminolyase enzymatic level, and total phenolic compound content.

Using plant probiotic bacteria, which can induce systemic tolerance in plants, is one of the most important strategy to reduce the damage of drought stress in plants. In this study the effect of four fluorescent strains (T17-4, VUPF5, 428, CHA0) was investigated on resistance of two pistachio cultivars (Badami-Rize-Zarand and Sarakhs) against the drought stress. A completely randomized design was applied with a factorial arrangement at three replications in a greenhouse trial. In order to evaluate the effects of bacteria on reduction the effects of drought stress, some parameters such as prolin, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, P, Zn, Fe content of shoot and root were measured. The results showed that drought stress increased the prolin and soluble sugars content in both inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings, although the content of prolin and soluble sugars in inoculated seedlings were higher than non-inoculated seedlings. The result also indicated that the drought stress reduces growth parameters, photosynthesis pigments and mineral element content in both cultivars under inoculated and non-inoculated conditions. The most reduction of these traits were recorded in non-inoculated seedlings. The cultivars of pistachio showed different responses to drought stress, so that sarakhs cultivar was recognized more sensitive to drought stress than badami-Rize-zarand cultivar.

Metabolomics is a powerful technique for determination of biomarkers. Here, we aimed to determine discriminatory metabolomic profiles in different stages of sulfur mustard-exposed patients (SMEPs).
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze serum samples from 17 SMEPs (normal group patients) and 17 SMEPs (severe group patients). Multivariate statistical analysis using random forest (RF) was performed on a ‘training set’ (70% of the total sample) in order to produce a discriminatory model classifying two groups of patients, and the model tested in the remaining subjects.
A classification model was derived using data from the training set with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.87. In the test set (the remaining 30% of subjects), the AUC was 0.8, thus RF model had good predictive power. We observed significant changes in lipid, amino acids and energy metabolism between two groups of patients.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of serum successfully differentiates two groups of patients exposed to sulfur mustard. This technique has the potential to provide novel diagnostics and identify novel pathophysiological mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Parkinson''s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system in adults. It is characterized by slowly progressive muscle stiffness، tremor and loss of motor skills. When certain areas of the brain lose their ability to produce dopamine، this disorder occurs. Selenium is a trace element that has antioxidant properties and regulates dopamine levels in the body; it is an essential element for many physiological functions. The aim of this study was to compare the serum selenium concentration in Parkinson’s disease and healthy cohorts. In this case-control study، the serum level of selenium in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy cohorts was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed using MATLAB software version 6. 5. The result of this study demonstrated that there is significant difference between the serum level of selenium in patients with Parkinson''s disease and healthy individuals. Serum levels of selenium were 57 ± 13 μg/l in patients versus 93 ± 18 μg/l in healthy individuals; serum selenium levels in patients was 63% less than controls (P<0. 000). Selenium supplementation may help to eliminate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

Crohn’s disease is a chronic and inflammatory abnormality. It causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hands celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by gluten sensitivity in genetically susceptible individuals. Zinc is an essential element that has important physiological roles in the body. The aim of this study was to compare the level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases. The level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study، data were analysed using MATLAB software version 6. 5. The result of this study showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the level of zinc in celiac patients and crohn patients. Mean serum concentration of zinc in celiac and crohn’s patients was 71±6 μg/l of 70±6μg/l respectively. Discussion & Gastrointestinal diseases such as celiac and crohn’s diseases affect the zinc absorption in the small intestine. Thereby reducing the concentration of this element is not unexpected in people with both celiac and crohn’s diseases. Therefore، in order to accelerate the patient’s improvement and also to alleviate the symptoms in these patients، the administration of zinc supplements is recommended.

Alfalfa and maize are important agricultural plants for animal consumption. In this survey, accumulation quantity of heavy metals (Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Pb,Ni,Cr) in plants irrigated by sewage and well water were compared statistically together and with normal or standard(permeable) limits in plants or foraging, during 2005. The results were as following 1-Maize: the value of accumulation in maize irrigated by sewage is nearly 1.5 times of the maize crop irrigated by well water. Apart from Mn and Zn, the accumulated quantities of heavy metal were more than normal and standard limits of maize crop. In the corn and maize grains Ni, Cr, Pb, and Zn were less than permeable limits and Mn and Cd were more than permeable limits. In the maize crop irrigated by sewage cadmium accumulation in upper organs at Dehkhair & Salehabad and in the seed and corn at the all of the three regions and lead accumulation in the upper organ in Salehabad and Talebabad, and in the root in Dehkhair & Salehabad and Iron in the root at the all of the regions were more than permeable foraging limits. Transition coefficients to upper maize organs at the three regions were more than standard limits, and Pb had the maximum value.2- Alfalfa: accumulated amounts of heavy metals in the first mowing were more than those amounts in the second mowing totally. Accumulated amounts (apart from Ni,Cr and Pb in Talebabad and pb and Zn in Dehkhair) in the first harvest of alfalfa irrigated by sewage were more than of these amounts in alfalfa irrigated by the well water. Accumulated limits of Fe in Salehabad and Dehkhair, Cd in Dehkhair, Cr and Pb In the all of these regions at the first mowing were more than permeable limits of plant growth. The heavy metals accumulation reduced in the second mowing but the amounts of Cd and Pb in Dehkhair and Pb in the all of the surveyed regions were more than permeable limits of plant growth. In the Alfalfa irrigated by sewage, Cd accumulations in all of the surveyed regions were more than permeable foraging limits. In survey aboat amounts of transition coefficient Pb had minimum amount of transition from soil to upper organs. Heavy metal transition, especially for Cd and Fe, reduced in the second mowing.